spraying vineyard effectively - pa wine grape files/temporary files - delete...vineyard spraying •...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spraying Vineyards Effectively
Mark L Chien
Viticulture Educator
Penn State Cooperative Extension
http://pawinegrape.com/
![Page 2: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Vineyard Spraying
• Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than any single vineyard practice.
• Spraying is not intuitive
• Effective spraying is the result of doing your homework, using the right equipment and materials and proper calibration
• Do not develop bad habits, learn from a skilled applicator
• Obtain and maintain the PDA pesticide applicator’s license
• Use common sense! E.g. weather, vineyard and vine conditions
![Page 3: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Spray Equipment
• Proper size and powered tractor (Drive and PTO HP)
• Positive pressure spray cab with AC (music and video optional)
• Not old and dilapidated, in good condition, unquestionably in good service and repair, and effective
• Airblast, towers, tunnel, over-row sprayers: pros and cons
• Backpacks – pump or air-assist: pros and cons
• Low vs. high volume sprayers: electro-static
• Manufacturers
• Service and parts – Murphy’s Law and downy mildew
![Page 4: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Vines
• Plant disease-resistant cultivars
• Design and manage vineyard for balanced vines
• Consider canopy density and leaf layers
• Increase airflow – row direction and fruit wire height
• Decrease shade over the vineyard and inside the vine
• Trellis and training systems: single vs divided, vertical and horizontal
![Page 7: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Too Narrow
Optimum
Too Wide
From: Intrieri and Filipetti American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 50th Anniversary. Taken from a talk by Dr. Jim Wolpert.
It’s easier and more effective to spray a balanced vine
![Page 8: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Equipment Care
• Proper care, maintenance and storage of spray equipment
• Pumps, hoses, filters and screens, nozzle parts, gauges, tires, PTO, grease fittings, etc.
![Page 9: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Air
• The plume: bigger is not better!
• Size of fan and multiple speed selection
• Regulating air speed and flow – Cornell donut
– Cornell louvres
– Fan gearbox
• Direction – Selection and direction of nozzles
– Cornell deflectors
• Air vortex effect (blow-by effect), especially with clusters
![Page 10: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nozzles
• What is the target?
• Number of nozzles
• Location
• Output of each nozzle – mix and match disc and cores
• Clean and in good condition, check for wear
![Page 11: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pressure
• Check spray pressure at the pump and nozzle
• Lower pressure reduces drift
• High pressure atomizes droplets
![Page 12: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Speed
• Constant speed, check constantly
• Use vine spacing as a measuring stick
• Speed varies up and down slopes
![Page 13: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Spray Drift
• Droplet size
• Spray height
• Operating speed
• Wind velocity
• Air temperature and humidity (>77F + low RH)
• Time of application
![Page 14: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Calibrating
• Speed, pressure, output
• Using the book
• Checking on the spray pad
• Checking in the field
• Speed – 2.5 to 3 mph: lower speed gives better coverage – 100 feet (# vines) at 3 mph takes 23 seconds
• Pressure – 60 to 100 psi: higher pressure yields smaller droplets and more drift
• Output – gallons per acre: early vs. full canopy (30-100 gpa)
• Check your work with a Cornell or Keen spray patternator
GPM = GPA x MPH x W 5940
![Page 15: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
In the Field
• Check and maintain constant speed
• End of vine rows
• Driving pattern – skip 2 > skip 1 > skip 2 > skip 1 > skip 2 > reverse pattern or every other row across the field and back again
• Check calibration based on volume used and field size
• Monitor pressure
• Check spray to target accuracy and coverage
![Page 16: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scout
• Disease and pest identification
• Canopy condition
• Weather conditions
• Grape variety
• Know your hot spots
![Page 17: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Resources
• Effective Vineyard Spraying by Dr. Andrew Landers, Cornell University
• NY/PA Pest Management Guidelines for Grapes (update annually)
• Penn State Pesticide Education
• Pennsylvania Pesticide Applicators License (private for most grape growers)
![Page 18: Spraying Vineyard Effectively - PA Wine Grape files/Temporary Files - delete...Vineyard Spraying • Better spray practices could do more to improve fruit quality in Pennsylvania than](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022517/5b083d9b7f8b9a93738c0d54/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Best in the Business: Dr Andrew Landers, Cornell Agricultural Engineer
John Santos, Hazlitt 1852 Grape grower extraordinaire!