SpongesCnidarians

Comb Jellies

Jelly Fish and sponges are animals?Sponges were thought to

be _______ because they_______

___________________Jellyfish were classified as

the simplest animals,__________

_________________.What classifies an animal?

The ___________classifies an organism

Unique Features of SpongesPhylum Porifera

• Based on the previous video whyDo sponges need light?_________________________________________No Movement (________)

No TissueNo Tissue

No organsNo organs

What do sponges have?• Body is made of special cells that act

like organs; _________________• ____________________• ________________ “Mouth”

• ________________: Collar cells: “heart” _____________: “Stomach”

• _______________: “skeleton”

Examples of Sponges10,000 species

   

Glass spongesBath Sponge

Calcium Carbonate Sponge

Sponges are classified Based on spicules “_________” __________________. Ex: Silica, spongin, calcium carbonate

Feeding and Digestion

• Suspension feeders (_________________)• ___________________unicellular algae, bits of organic

matter (detritus)• Size matters– _____________--pinacocytes and archaeocytes– ______________--choanocytes

• ______________do most of the digestion and storage of food

• Wastes leave via _________

Reproduction• __________________________

____________________• _______________ (Can grow

back)• Sexual reproduction

– Sperm enter though the ostia, choanocytes carry them to the egg.

– Larvae usually develop in the adult then exit through osculum,.

_______________of Sponges• Filter feeders: Filter out the water– Sponges are eaten ______________________– sponge crabs place a sponges on their backto camouflage with their environment - ______________________for animals

Human Importance of Sponges• _________________: provides

jobs and drives economy in towns that collect them

Phylum Cnidariahydra, stinging jellyfish,

coral, anemones

General Characteristics of Cnidarians: Jellyfish

• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/invertebrates-animals/other-invertebrates/jellyfish.html

• ________________• _______________________• _________________________ define this group

nematocytes: stinging cellsnematocytes: stinging cells

Cnidarians

• Have __________________• _________ or _____ body plans

CnidarianCnidarianStructureStructure

• __________________________________• _______________2

tissue layers (_____________)– Epidermis– Endoderm (gastric) – Mesoglea (jelly)

between the two tissue layers. _________________

– __________________

Reproduction in Cnidarians

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________: Turritopsis nutricula after the Medusa stage it goes back to the polyp and then Medusa then polyp “forever”

Feeding and Digestion• Tentacles with_____________• ____________________

– suspension feeders, plankton– jellyfish are carnivorous-hunt vertebrates and

invertebrates

• Tentacles then _____________• ________________________• Enzymes digest, cells absorb• __________________________• __________________________• http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/

natures-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/

Blue=anemone mouthred= fish flesh

Jellyfish catching fish

Anemone eating mussel

Cnidaria have:Cnidocytes, stinging cells that capture prey

Nervous System• ________________• ________________• Respond to stimuli from all directions• Nerve net controls responses and movement

Phylum Cnidarians: Include ClassesScyphozoa: JellyfishCubuzoa: Box JellyfishHydrozoa: HydroidsAnthozoa: Corals, Sea Anemones

Class Scyphozoa: Jelllyfish

• ______________________, over 280 species:

• http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/

1. Crown Jellyfish

2. Sea Nettles3. Blubber Jellyfish

Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish)• _________ = primary stage• ______________________

Domed Shape• most are small _________• _____________________• largest reach 70+ meters• And 450 pounds• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/

28865-discover-magazine-jelly-fish-behavior-and-diet-video.htm

Class: Cubuzoa• Not True Jellyfish different then scyphozoans• Called______________• __________shaped not umbrella shaped like

scyphozoans.• This shape makes them ____________• _______________________• Much ____________in Nematocysts• More developed nervous system• http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfect-predators-

australian-box-jellyfish/

Box Jelly

True Jellyfish

Long Island Scyphozoa

Lions mane can get up to 8 feet, normally 12 inches as seen In the picture to the right

Moon Jellyfish 4-10 inchesThere sting does not hurt people

For JellyfishSting use vinegarTo neutralize theVenom:

Jellyfish as Food?

Scyphozoa: Hydrozoa

• ________________________________– feeding polyps– reproductive polyps

• ________________________________• __________________________.

Instead, the colony is suspended from a gas sac. Usually found in tropical waters but can be pushed by currents as far North to Canadian waters

• man o war

Anthozoa (sea anemones, coral, gorgonians)

• _________________, most are sessile, never in the medusa stage

• Most Anthozoans _______________and therefore require light to live.

• ___________• ________________• __________________

Anthozoa: Corals _________________________________Re

ef Builders and non reef builders

__________are called ________ corals or Hard Corals

____________are called ___________ corals or soft Corals

Soft Coral/non building reef corals

Hard Coral/ reef building corals

Anthozoa: Hermatypic CoralsThey obtain part of their energy from_________________________________________________________. They secrete calcium carbonate to form a __________________.

Hermatypic CoralsCreate Reefs called the Rainforest of

the sea• _______________________• _______________________• ___________ ocean contains

coral reefs• Reefs worldwide provide

economic services worth $375 billion per year.

___________________________________________________

• At the current rate of coral bleaching due to warmer sea temperatures, All coral reef ecosystems will be gone in 30-40 years.

• Healthy Bleached

Phylum Ctenophora

Comb Jellies

Comb Jellies• Resemble jellyfish, • Comb plates (rows of

cilia) run along exterior and propel the animal

• Most do not have cnidocytes

• Secrete sticky substance to bind prey or net-like tentacles

Bioluminescence to attract prey, mates, or perhaps to deter predators

Usually found in deep waters