spoken mandarin and instruction

國立交通大學人文社會學院外國語文學系

SPOKEN MANDARIN AND INSTRUCTION

An introduction by Meichun Liu


WEEK 1 QUESTIONS

What is Language? What is a grammar? Why do languages have grammar rules? Here’s a rule _______. But “Every rule has an exception.” Mathematic rule: 1+1 = 2 What kind of rule is a language rule?


WHAT AND WHY? The mapping between Form and Function

Form 1

Form 2

Form 3

Form 4

. ….

What?

Structure

Function 1

Function 2

Function 3

Function 4

. ….

Why?

Communication


GRAMMAR IS FOR COMMUNICATION1

No need, no marking, no rule! All the ‘rules’ in a grammar are formal markings for

communicative functions. Forms are associated with Functions. What are the forms and functions in

Mandarin grammar?


CHINESE VS. ENGLISH

Both are created to respond to a similar set of communicative needs;

Differ in the system of mapping forms with functions:

Form Function


FORM - FUNCTION

Communication Function 1

Function 2

Function 3

Chinese

Form 1

Form 2

Form 3

.

.

.

English

Form 1

Form 2

Form 3

.

.

.


FORM - FUNCTION

Functions existence

ownership

Chinese

有 .

.

.

English

There’s/re

‘have’ .

.

Cognitive transfer: co-existence > ownership


FORM - FUNCTION

Functions goal

Beneficial

Chinese 賣「給」妳的

買「給」妳的

English

to

for

Cognitive transfer: Receiver > Beneficiary

‘to’ ----> : Spatial goal > temporal goal


I SAW A BLUE BIRD.


THE CHINESE FORMAL PATTERNS

來這裡的路上，看到一隻小鳥，羽毛是藍色的，很漂亮。但是一走近，就飛了！ - subject?

竹塹玻璃工藝博物館，建於西元1936年，為日治時期自治會館，亦為日本昭和皇太子來台巡視時之行館，整體東方現代化的建築，不僅表現出歐洲風格的豪華氣派，更因座落於麗池旁，與人典雅幽緻的印象。。

+ topic?


THE CHINESE GRAMMAR

Discourse-oriented Discourse is utilized as a way of “marking” Whatever is understood in a given context

may be optionally omitted in the sentence：「幾點來的？」「來了以後做什麼？」「會不會想睡覺？

Topic-prominent: TOPIC + Clause Chains Topic > Clause 1 , Clause 2 , Clause 3 ….


THE ENGLISH FORMAL PATTERNS

On my way to Guanghua Junior High, I saw a bird. It got blue feathers and looked gorgeous. But when I came near to it, it flew away.

The Glass Art Museum was build in 1936, used as the local government building.

It also served as the residence for the Japanese Prince, Zhaohe.


INFORMATION PATTERN

中華民國台灣省新竹市大學路1001號

大到小

No. 1001, Da-xue Road, Hsichu, Taiwan

小到大


INFORMATION PATTERN IN LANGUAGE

小明比小華 [ 高 ] Modifier - Head [John is taller] than Tom Head - Modifier 昨天晚上8點，[我去參加舞會] [I went to the dance] at 8 pm last night. 我昨天買的那本 [書] [The book] I bought yesterday 小心的 [人] Modifier - N 小心的 [檢查] Modifier - V Chinese: Head-final English: Head-initial


ASSIGNMENT 1: WHAT IS UNIQUE ABOUT MANDARIN? 紐澤西籃網「一哥」Deron Williams砍進生涯新高8記三分彈，助隊以100比92在麥迪遜花園廣場撒野，一報前役林書豪崛起秀被打趴之仇，也讓尼克在豪小子打出「林來瘋」驚奇期間，吞下第2敗。籃網招牌控衛D. Williams手感超火燙，三分球投14中8，命中率高達5成7，無論是出手數或進球數都是生涯新高，拿下全場之冠38分，近來6場比賽得分都至少26分以上，此役另有4籃板6助攻1抄截3失誤。

林書豪上次與籃網交手，即為他成名之役，當時尼克總教練Mike D'Antoni抱著姑且一試的心態讓豪小子以替補控球後衛的身份上陣，未料竟技壓2度入選明星賽的籃網當家控衛D. Williams，甚至率領尼克打出7連勝佳績，上場更是力克衛冕軍小牛隊，吹起擋不住的林來瘋。


TEST USED IN THE US

Integrated Chinese Level 1 Part 1. 2 Level 2 Part 1. 2

spoken mandarin and instruction

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