spinal cord connectome part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Spinal Cord Map v10 slide 1 5292016 Copyright copy 2010 Dr Jeffrey E Arle Lahey Clinic All rights reserved
Jeffrey E Arle12 MD PhD Nicolae Iftimia3 BS Longzhi Mei1 MS
Jay L Shils4 PhD and Kristen W Carlson1
1Dept of Neurosurgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston MA USA 2Dept of Neurosurgery Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA 3Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA USA 4Dept of Anesthesiology Rush Medical Center Chicago IL USA
Principal Investigators
Jeffrey E Arle
Jay L Shils
Nick Iftimia Research
Longzhi Mei Software
Kris Carlson Computational Modeling and Simulation
Corresponding author kwcarlsobidmcharvardedu
The Human Spine Connectome Part 1 Calculation of spinal cord segment volume neuronssegment and
neuronsRexed lamina
WHITE MATTER
Body Skin amp
Body
DRG
primary
neurons
B fibers
A-β fibers
A-α
fibers
A-δ fibers
A-β fibers
C fibers
A-α fibers
interneurons
in other
segments
HTHAL SC
MC
tertiary neurons
MDvc
VMpo VPI VPL VPM
CL VL Pf
THAL tertiary neurons
CBL
BS
NRM RF
ME
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Lumbar region
Sacral region
Coccygeal region
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11 T12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2
S3 S4
S5 CC
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
WHITE MATTER
Body Skin amp
Body
DRG
primary
neurons
B fibers
A-β fibers
A-α
fibers
A-δ fibers
A-β fibers
C fibers
A-α fibers
interneurons
in other
segments
HTHAL SC
MC
tertiary neurons
MDvc
VMpo VPI VPL VPM
CL VL Pf
THAL tertiary neurons
CBL
BS
NRM RF
ME
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Lumbar region
Sacral region
Coccygeal region
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11 T12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2
S3 S4
S5 CC
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Lumbar region
Sacral region
Coccygeal region
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11 T12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2
S3 S4
S5 CC
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Lumbar region
Sacral region
Coccygeal region
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11 T12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2
S3 S4
S5 CC
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11 T12
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2
S3 S4
S5 CC
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5 T6
T7 T8
T9 T10
T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
S4 S5
CC
DRG
Odd segment
Even segment
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Mixed nerve
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spatial Relationship Between the Spinal Cord
amp Spine (Vertebral Column)
The spinal cord is a single continuous structure but it is
considered to consist of 31 segments because of the 31
pairs of nerves associated with different regions These
segments are grouped as follows 8 cervical 12
thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and 1 coccyceal The
spinal cord segments are not the same as the segments
of the bone vertebral column or spine and are displaced
such that the spinal cord starts where the spine starts but
cord ends between the spinersquos L1 and L2 vertebrae (left)
(Source Carpenter 46)
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Spinal Cord Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
T1 98 63 160 7342
T2 89 62 165 6799
T3 83 60 186 7187
T4 81 60 195 7552
T5 82 61 197 7260
T6 77 57 223 7500
T7 72 58 215 7173
T8 72 60 188 6477
T9 73 61 183 6639
T10 76 63 162 5971
T11 73 63 138 5254
T12 75 68 123 5161
Cervical Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
C1 113 77 143 9943
C2 114 79 148 10538
C3 117 78 153 11127
C4 122 77 140 10342
C5 129 73 155 11121
C6 123 72 132 8845
C7 119 69 127 7892
C8 112 68 137 7405
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
(Sources Ko Gray 827-28) TOTAL VOLUME 183077 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
L1 81 69 113 5131
L2 83 72 100 4834
L3 88 72 83 4194
L4 92 71 73 3540
L5 82 71 62 2682
Sacral Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
S1 80 65 52 1871
S2 70 57 47 1218
S3 59 45 44 892
S4 57 44 42 718
S5 49 38 28 391
Coccygeal Region
Segment Transverse diameter Sagittal diameter Length Volume
CC 47 (top) to 20 (bottom) 36 (top) to 15 (bottom) 11 78
Spinal Cord Measurements
These tables show the average physical dimensions (mm) of all 31 spinal cord segments (white and gray matter
combined) organized by region The values in red were extrapolated from available data using best fit curves We
calculated volumes (mm3) by treating each segment as a truncated cone where the tabulated diameters are
measured at the top
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
Thoracic Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
T1 7342 20 1468
T2 6799 17 1156
T3 7187 15 1078
T4 7552 14 1057
T5 7260 13 944
T6 7500 13 975
T7 7173 14 1004
T8 6477 16 1036
T9 6639 18 1195
T10 5971 21 1254
T11 5254 24 1261
T12 5161 27 1393
Cervical Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
C1 9943 27 2685
C2 10538 31 3267
C3 11127 33 3672
C4 10342 33 3413
C5 11121 32 3559
C6 8845 29 2565
C7 7892 26 2052
C8 7405 23 1703
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Gray Matter Measurements
(Sources Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5
Gray 828 Carpenter 48 Netter 151)
TOTAL VOLUME 46021 mm3
Lumbar Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
L1 5131 30 1539
L2 4834 33 1595
L3 4194 35 1468
L4 3540 37 1310
L5 2682 39 1046
Sacral Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
S1 1871 41 767
S2 1218 44 536
S3 892 47 419
S4 718 50 359
S5 391 52 203
Coccygeal Region
Segment Segment Volume Percent Gray Matter Gray Matter Volume
CC 78 52 41
To find the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord we factor the calculated volume of each segment by the percent
taken up by the gray matter This information is extracted from various pictures and diagrams available in the
literature that show cross-sections of the spinal cord at certain levels
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Segment Distribution of Neurons
Cervical Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
C1 58 5833495
C2 71 7098515
C3 80 7978838
C4 74 7415938
C5 77 7732883
C6 56 5573698
C7 45 4458698
C8 37 3700842
Lumbar Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
L1 33 3344806
L2 35 3466317
L3 32 3189658
L4 28 2846116
L5 23 2272851
Sacral Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
S1 17 1666884
S2 12 1164522
S3 09 910983
S4 08 780085
S5 04 441802
Coccygeal Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
CC 01 88134
TOTAL NEURONS 100000000
Thoracic Region
Segment Percent Volume Neurons
T1 32 3190744
T2 25 2511549
T3 23 2342537
T4 23 2297405
T5 21 2050820
T6 21 2118616
T7 22 2182109
T8 23 2251861
T9 26 2596706
T10 27 2724671
T11 27 2739990
T12 30 3027926
These tables show our labrsquos neuron count for all 31 spinal
cord segments
(Source Longstaff 15-16 )
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
Distribution of Neurons in Rexed laminae
Based on the segment distribution and published data such as size of neurons of different types known to predominate in each
lamina (Noback 16-22 Temple Greenstein 5) we calculated the number of neurons in each Rexed lamina of each segment of
the spinal cord A sample is shown on the next slide
A paper containing the methodology of the work in these slides and full data set in a supplement is being prepared for
publication (June 2016)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Coccygeal
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pe
rce
nt
Vo
lum
e (
)
Lamina Number
Segment T9
Lamina Volume Neurons Weighted Scaled 120
I 3 77901 1167 23
II 10 259671 1556545 31131
III 9 233704 105067 2101
IV 10 259671 25942 519
V 4 103868 31131 623
VI 0 0 0 0
VII 34 882880 264613 5292
VIII 13 337572 303526 6071
IX 11 285638 28537 571
X 6 155802 280178 5604
TOTAL 100 2596706 2596706 51934
0020
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
ron
s
Lamina Number
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
uro
ns
Lamina Number
Spinal Cord Map Copyright copy 2016 Arle Neurosimulation Lab BIDMCHarvard Medical School All rights reserved