speech sounds articulation. articulators above the larynx contraction of chest muscles larynx...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Speech sounds
Articulation
![Page 2: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Articulators above the larynx
Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to
the mouth Passing through vocal tract → mouth/nose Different parts: articulators (studied by
articulatory phonetics)
![Page 3: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The articulators
![Page 4: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pharynx
Tube above larynx W: 7 cm; M: 8 cm long Between oral and nasal cavity
![Page 6: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Soft palate/ velum
Raised or lowered to stop or let airstream pass through nose
Can be touched with tongue Velar consonants /k,g/
![Page 7: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hard palate/palatum durum
Roof of the mouth /tʃ,ʤ/
![Page 8: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Alveolae/alveolar ridge
Between top front teeth and hard palate
Rough surface covered with ridges Alveolars /t,d/
![Page 9: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
tongue
Very flexible (different places/shapes) Parts: tip, blade, front, back, root
![Page 10: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
teeth
Upper and lower (at front of mouth) Immediately behind lips to the sides of mouth Contact with upper side teeth /l/ Dental sounds in some languages
![Page 11: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
lips
Pressed together /b,p/ = bilabials In contact with teeth /f,v/ = labio-dentals Rounded in vowels /u:/
![Page 12: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other “articulators”
Jaws Nose / nasal cavity = participates in
producing nasals
![Page 13: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
vowels Sounds in which there is no
obstruction to the airflow Some cons. /h/w/ hardly obstruct the
airflow, too Distribution is a better criterion,
/h/ + ?
/bı/ + ?
Vowels and consonants differ in distribution
![Page 14: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
vowels Close / open distinction /i:/ vs. /æ/ Front / back distinction / æ/ vs. /α:/
![Page 15: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
These are x-rays of a person producing different vowels
![Page 16: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In the close front position (unrounded) we produce /i/
![Page 20: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
In the open front position (unrounded) we produce /a/
![Page 21: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Back open (unrounded) : //
![Page 22: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Back close (rounded): /u/
![Page 23: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Connecting these points gives us a box called the Vowel Quadrilateral
![Page 24: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Vowel classification Cardinal vowels (standard reference system) For vowels, a different set of terms is used.
- high-mid-low: height of the tongue in the mouth - front-central-back:
frontness or backness of the tongue in the mouth - rounded-unrounded (spread, neutral):
the state of the lips in English, as in many languages this is predictable:
rounded for high back and mid back vowels, unrounded for other vowels.
tense-lax : roughly, the degree of tension in the tongue
The terms refer, loosely speaking, to the location of the main tongue constriction within the mouth.
![Page 25: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Places of articulation of English vowels
![Page 26: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The distinction between long and short vowels is not always very clear
The realisation of long and short vowels depends on their context, this is called Clipping
This means that long vowels and diphthongs tend to be shortened before voiceless consonants e.g. /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/ etc.
![Page 27: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Vowel length in centiseconds
Vowel length in centiseconds:
![Page 28: Speech sounds Articulation. Articulators above the larynx Contraction of chest muscles Larynx muscles modify the flow on its way to the mouth Passing](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649cf95503460f949cb0a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Next time:
vowels