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Speech Events and Rules Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE of Interaction in AAE Overview Some verbal strategies Expressions in nonverbal communication

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Page 1: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Speech Events and Rules of Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAEInteraction in AAE

Overview Some verbal strategies Expressions in nonverbal communication

Page 2: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Overview of Speech Events

1.Signifying

-“the verbal art of insult in which a speaker humorously puts down, talks about, needles-that is, signifies on-the listener“

-“dropping lugs, joaning, capping and sounding“

e.g. “Now look here, we both be standing here soaking wet and you still trying to tell me it ain’t raining. ”

2.Playing the dozens

-“The dozens is a mean game because what you try to do is totally destroy somebody else with words...“

-it consists of set responses in versified form, ususally rhymed couplets.

Page 3: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

3.Rapping -casual talk

*a man tries to impress a female via the use of “verbal expertise”

* someone provides another with information

-highly stylized

4.Marking -the speaker dramatically imitates the words and perhaps the

actions of a person and makes some comment about him or her.

5. Loud-talking -the act of delivering a line, intended for some select listener(s),

loud enough for an outsider to hear

Page 4: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

6.Woofing -boasting is used to intimidate an opponent, thus avoiding violent

confrontation.e.g. Muhammad Ali

7.Toasts - tributes, often poetic, take a heroic stance on the subject - narrated in first person -specifically to masculinity, but women also deliver toasts about their

extraordinary power

e.g. “ I can read your thoughts right now, everyone from A to Z” Chaka Kahn “I’m Every Woman” “I’m a Woman.” musical “Black and Blue” 1989

Page 5: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Verbal StrategiesVerbal Strategies

From dozens to snaps

-history goes back to African communities and slavery

-play the game with person they know or who are in their circle of acquaintances

-exaggerated statements

-today as popular as it was years ago

-Snaps and Double Snaps by Percelay et al.

-girls also play the dozens and signify

Page 6: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Some examplesSome examples

Your mother is so stupid, she thought a lawsuit was something you wear to court.

Your mother’s ears are so dirty, I can pull out enough wax to make candles.

I went to your house, stepped on a cigarette, and your mother screamed, “ Who turned off the heat?”

Your mother is so old, she took her driving test on a dinosaur.

snaps from the Percelay et al.

Shirley: Get a job! (Looks at man on telephone in disgust) Male: A job? Won’t you learn how to cook! Shirley: Yo mama!

1970s comedy “What’s happening?”

Page 7: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Loud-talking

- “a loud-talker breaches norms of discretion, his strategy is to use the factor of audience to achieve some desired effect on the addressee.”

- involves a louder than normal( or necessary) pitch on the part of the addresser and often an expression of embarrassment by the addressee, it is easy to observe.

Page 8: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Speaker B kept asking A where they should have dinner that night, but A didn’t have any suggestions. After some time had elapsed, A and B had the following conversation:

A:I figured it out. Let’s go to that place where I had that good veggie burger.

B: Oh yeah, American Café! That’s a great idea.

A, B and others get ready to go to dinner. A: (A walks over to B and delivers the line quietly with discretion and with

hands on her hips.) I know I have great ideas, but it takes time for me to come up with them, so don’t rush me.

B: (B looks at A and delivers the line so that the other four people in the room can hear him.) Now see, see what I have to go through!

A retreats to the door, out of sight, and wait for the others. She running to the door. She shame now. Dən told me off, now she

wanna go in the dark.Everyone laughs.

Page 9: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Expressions in nonverbal communication: Expressions in nonverbal communication: eye movement and giving dapeye movement and giving dap

Eye Movement

1.Cut-eye: -intended to convey feelings of “ hostility, displeasure, disapproval,

or a general rejection of the person at whom it is directed.”

-4 stages

--a look or short stare at the target

--followed by a gaze over the target

--then a sharp look or ‘cut’ of the eyes by closing the eyelids and opening them

--turning the head away from the target in disgust or disapproval

Page 10: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

2.Rolling eyes

-a person who is believed to think that she is superior to others or who displays an attitude that may not be accepted by a particular group may be the target.

-in response to a statement that doesn’t make any sense or that is inaccurate

-for fun

-…

Page 11: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication
Page 12: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication

Other forms of nonverbal Other forms of nonverbal communicationcommunication

Handshakes-most commonly used as forms of, or in conjunction with, greetings an

d salutations

Giving dap-express agreement about some issue in the conversation

* Pound -a process in which the person (often male) gently pounds the top

of the receiver’s vertical fist

* Chest-touching -often the response to a score or tight (very nice) play. -have crossed racial/ethnic boundaries, as it is used more and m

ore by athletes in general

Page 13: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication
Page 14: Speech Events and Rules of Interaction in AAE  Overview  Some verbal strategies  Expressions in nonverbal communication