Speech Analysis 2 Speech Analysis 2 NotesNotes

IronyIrony• DramaticDramatic

– When the audience/reader knows something When the audience/reader knows something the characters don’tthe characters don’t

• VerbalVerbal

– When someone says the opposite of what is When someone says the opposite of what is expected or appropriate (sarcasm)expected or appropriate (sarcasm)

• SituationalSituational

– When the situation is the opposite of what is When the situation is the opposite of what is expectedexpected

Logical vs Emotional AppealLogical vs Emotional Appeal

• LogicalLogical– Use factsUse facts– Data/StatisticsData/Statistics– ExpertsExperts– QuotesQuotes

• Emotional Emotional – Use loaded wordsUse loaded words– Personal anecdotesPersonal anecdotes– Logical fallacies Logical fallacies

(appeal to fear, (appeal to fear, slippery slope, etc)slippery slope, etc)

– Rhetorical devices Rhetorical devices (questions, hyperbole, (questions, hyperbole, parallelism)parallelism)

Figurative languageFigurative languageSimileSimile

MetaphorMetaphor

PersonificationPersonification

OxymoronOxymoron

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

PunPun

AllusionAllusion

AlliterationAlliteration

HyperboleHyperbole

IdiomIdiom

SimileSimile• A comparison of two unlike thing A comparison of two unlike thing

that uses “like”, “as”, or “than”that uses “like”, “as”, or “than”

• Your skin is as smooth as silk.Your skin is as smooth as silk.

• My love for you is like a raging My love for you is like a raging fire!fire!

MetaphorMetaphor• A direct comparison of two unlike A direct comparison of two unlike

thingsthings

• Michael Phelps is a fish!Michael Phelps is a fish!

• My neighbor is an evil monster.My neighbor is an evil monster.

• The traffic is a nightmare. The traffic is a nightmare.

PersonificationPersonification• Giving non-human things human Giving non-human things human

characteristicscharacteristics

• The stars were The stars were dancing dancing in the sky.in the sky.• The shoes in the window were The shoes in the window were

calling out my name!calling out my name!

AlliterationAlliteration• The repetition of sounds at the The repetition of sounds at the

beginning of the words.beginning of the words.

• The whirling wind wailed all night The whirling wind wailed all night long.long.

• Peter Piper pick a peck….Peter Piper pick a peck….

HyperboleHyperbole• Extreme ExaggerationExtreme Exaggeration

• My mom is going to kill me!My mom is going to kill me!

• I’ve watched that movie a million I’ve watched that movie a million times!times!

PunPun

• A play on the multiple meaning of a A play on the multiple meaning of a wordword

• Q: What did the fish say when he Q: What did the fish say when he hit the concert wall? hit the concert wall? A: Dam!A: Dam!

• Q: What instrument do fish like to Q: What instrument do fish like to play? play? A: A A: A bassbass guitar. guitar.

IdiomIdiom

• a term or phrase whose meaning a term or phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal cannot be deduced from the literal definitions but refers instead to a definitions but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only figurative meaning that is known only through common use. through common use.

• It is raining cats and dogs.It is raining cats and dogs.• He kicked the bucket!He kicked the bucket!

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia• When a word sounds like its When a word sounds like its

meaningmeaning

• Crack or whipCrack or whip

• Pop or boomPop or boom

• Slap or smackSlap or smack

AllusionAllusion• A reference to history, literature, A reference to history, literature,

art, politics or religionart, politics or religion

• He betrayed me; he’s such a He betrayed me; he’s such a Judas!Judas!

• When someone messes up, the When someone messes up, the say “Oops I did it again!”say “Oops I did it again!”

OxymoronOxymoron

• Pairing together two words with Pairing together two words with opposite meaningsopposite meanings

• Pretty UglyPretty Ugly• Alone togetherAlone together• Pleasurable torturePleasurable torture• Jumbo ShrimpJumbo Shrimp

Logical FallaciesLogical Fallacies

• Ad hominem – Personal attackAd hominem – Personal attack

• Slippery Slope – one thing leads to worseSlippery Slope – one thing leads to worse

• Appeal to fear – Scare tactics Appeal to fear – Scare tactics

• False Authority – “Trust me” I’m a doctorFalse Authority – “Trust me” I’m a doctor

• False Analogy – False comparisonFalse Analogy – False comparison

• False Dilemma – Either/Or (two options)False Dilemma – Either/Or (two options)

• Non Sequitur – It doesn’t followNon Sequitur – It doesn’t follow

Text StructureText Structure

• ChronologicalChronological

• Compare/ContrastCompare/Contrast

• Cause and EffectCause and Effect

• Order of ImportanceOrder of Importance

• Problem/SolutionProblem/Solution

Chronological Order1 2 3 4

Compare and Contrast

Cause and Effect

Order of ImportanceIdea 1:

Idea 2:

Idea 4:

Idea 3:

Idea 5:

Problem/Solution

Inductive vs. Deductive• Deductive =

True Premise + True Premise = 100% Guaranteed Conclusion

• Inductive =

True Premise + True Premise = Probably True Conclusion

False PremiseFalse Premise• In arguments, look for the premises the speaker In arguments, look for the premises the speaker

is building their case on. Some look and sound is building their case on. Some look and sound true, but are actually false. true, but are actually false.

• Because all students are failing Algebra, Because all students are failing Algebra, algebra teachers should rethink they way they algebra teachers should rethink they way they teach. teach.

• Protecting the environment is the most Protecting the environment is the most important thing we as humans can do, so important thing we as humans can do, so everyone should recycle. everyone should recycle.

Rhetorical Devices• Rhetorical Questions

• Repetition

• Parallelism

• Hyperbole

• Simile, Metaphor (analogies)