Speculating about the Speculating about the past.past.

©© Ульева Наталья ЛьвовнаУльева Наталья Львовна

Учитель английского языкаУчитель английского языка

Школа № 183 с углубленным изучением английского Школа № 183 с углубленным изучением английского языкаязыка

Центрального района г. Санкт-ПетербургаЦентрального района г. Санкт-Петербурга

2007 год2007 год

Цель урокаЦель урока

формирование грамматического формирование грамматического навыка использования модальных навыка использования модальных глаголов в значении вероятности, глаголов в значении вероятности, предположения, сомнения и предположения, сомнения и удивления. удивления.

Задачи урокаЗадачи урока

1.Познакомить с употреблением 1.Познакомить с употреблением структуры.структуры.

2.Отработать навык употребления 2.Отработать навык употребления структуры.структуры.

3.Расширить коммуникативные 3.Расширить коммуникативные возможности учащихся. возможности учащихся.

ContentsContents

Warming-upWarming-upExposing the structureExposing the structureFocus on meaningFocus on meaningFocus on the formFocus on the formFocus on pronunciationFocus on pronunciationChecking understandingChecking understandingPracticingPracticingActing out the dialogueActing out the dialogueSetting homeworkSetting homework

SpeculationSpeculation

Have you ever been frightened by Have you ever been frightened by something, perhaps a strange something, perhaps a strange unexplained noise or a figure seen unexplained noise or a figure seen mysteriously at night?mysteriously at night?

Was there a rational explanation?Was there a rational explanation?

Barry and Susan are Barry and Susan are having a holiday in having a holiday in an isolated cottage an isolated cottage

on the edge of on the edge of some woods. some woods.

Susan has just Susan has just returned from an returned from an

evening walk.evening walk.

SusanSusan: I think I'm going to give the police: I think I'm going to give the police a ring. a ring. BarryBarry: (1)...: (1)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the police serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushrooms.could have been digging for mushrooms.

SusanSusan: I saw something strange : I saw something strange in the woods just now. in the woods just now. BarryBarry: (2)...: (2)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushrooms.could have been digging for mushrooms.

SusanSusan: There was a man with a : There was a man with a pair of binoculars.pair of binoculars. BarryBarry: (3)...: (3)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushrooms.could have been digging for mushrooms.

SusanSusan: Well, why would he want : Well, why would he want them at this time of the evening? them at this time of the evening? BarryBarry: (4)...: (4)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushrooms.could have been digging for mushrooms.

Susan:Susan: Badger watching? I doubt it. Badger watching? I doubt it. He had a spade with him.He had a spade with him. Barry:Barry: (5)… (5)…

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushrooms.could have been digging for mushrooms.

Susan: With a spade? Don't be daft! Susan: With a spade? Don't be daft! Anyway, it's not the mushroom Anyway, it's not the mushroom season. Barry: (6)...season. Barry: (6)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the police serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushroomscould have been digging for mushrooms

Susan: Yes, he sort of gave a half Susan: Yes, he sort of gave a half smile and a wave.smile and a wave. Barry: (7)... Barry: (7)...

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the police serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushroomscould have been digging for mushrooms

SusanSusan: Well, I didn't recognise him.: Well, I didn't recognise him.BarryBarry: (8)...: (8)...SusanSusan: Do you think so? I'm not so : Do you think so? I'm not so sure.sure.

a) He might have been badger watching, you never a) He might have been badger watching, you never know.know.

b) Did he see you?b) Did he see you?c) What do you mean 'strange'?c) What do you mean 'strange'?d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very d) Listen, he can't have been doing anything very

serious or someone would have contacted the serious or someone would have contacted the police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily police by now. I think you're being unnecessarily suspicious.suspicious.

e) The police! Why?e) The police! Why?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?f) So? What's wrong with a pair of binoculars?g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.g) It must have been the farmer from up the road.h) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Heh) I can't see why a spade is so suspicious. Hecould have been digging for mushroomscould have been digging for mushrooms

Why does Susan dismiss Why does Susan dismiss Barry's suggestions Barry's suggestions that the man might that the man might have been have been

a) badger watching?a) badger watching?

b) digging for mushrooms? b) digging for mushrooms?

c) a neighbour?c) a neighbour?

What do you think the What do you think the man was doing?man was doing?

The solution to the storyThe solution to the story

cautionarycautionary questionedquestioned suspiciouslysuspiciously releasedreleased revealedrevealed dazzleddazzled alertedalerted

Focus on meaningFocus on meaning

He might/could have He might/could have attacked me.attacked me.

He might/could have been He might/could have been digging for mushrooms.digging for mushrooms.

It must have been a It must have been a neighbour (taking his dogneighbour (taking his dog

for a walk).for a walk). He must have been digging He must have been digging

for mushroomsfor mushrooms He can't have seen me.He can't have seen me. He can't have been doing He can't have been doing

anything serious.anything serious.

aa)) The speaker is almost 100% The speaker is almost 100% certain that the event certain that the event happened,happened,

bb)) The speaker is not sure, The speaker is not sure, cc)) The speaker is almost The speaker is almost

100% certain that the event 100% certain that the event didn't happen.didn't happen.

TranslationTranslation

Must Must have seenhave seen

MightMight have seen have seen

Can’tCan’t have seen have seen

Должно бытьДолжно быть, , виделвидел

Может бытьМожет быть, , виделвидел

Не может бытьНе может быть, , чтобы виделчтобы видел

Focus on the formFocus on the formII

HeHe been watchingbeen watching

SheShe mightmight been diggingbeen digging

ItIt mustmust havehave attackedattacked

WeWe can’tcan’t seenseen

YouYou been a neighbourbeen a neighbour

TheyThey

Focus on pronunciationFocus on pronunciation

Contraction ofContraction of have have in past in past modalsmodals

He must have been digging.He must have been digging.

He must have been lying. He must have been lying.

She can't have known.She can't have known.

They might have been looking.They might have been looking.

He could have found out.He could have found out.

Explain the difference in Explain the difference in meaningmeaning

He He mightmight have been looking for have been looking for something.something.

He He mustmust have been looking for have been looking for something.something.

He He can’tcan’t have been looking for have been looking for something.something.

11

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

1 The police have evacuated the 1 The police have evacuated the building. They ... (discover) a bomb.building. They ... (discover) a bomb.

The police have evacuated the The police have evacuated the building.building.

They must have discovered a bomb.They must have discovered a bomb.

22

You ... (lose) your ticket. You ... (lose) your ticket.

I saw you put it in your bag this I saw you put it in your bag this morning.morning.

You must have lost your ticket.You must have lost your ticket.

I saw you put it in your bag this I saw you put it in your bag this morning.morning.

33

They're not here yet.They're not here yet.

Do you think they... (miss) the train?Do you think they... (miss) the train?

They’re not here yet.They’re not here yet.

Do you think they might have missed Do you think they might have missed the train?the train?

44

He looked very young. He looked very young.

He ... (be) more than fifteen.He ... (be) more than fifteen.

He looked very young.He looked very young.

He can’t have been more than He can’t have been more than fifteen.fifteen.

55

She ... (have) a bad day at work.She ... (have) a bad day at work.

She seemed very irritable when she She seemed very irritable when she got home.got home.

She might have had a bad day at work. She might have had a bad day at work.

She seemed very irritable when she She seemed very irritable when she got home. got home.

Example: He might have had accident.Example: He might have had accident.

have accidenthave accident

oversleepoversleep

……might have…might have…

watch / stopwatch / stop

get caught in a get caught in a traffic jamtraffic jam

Act out the dialogueAct out the dialogue

HomeworkHomework

Ex.3,4 p.120 (course book)Ex.3,4 p.120 (course book)