specialized bioreactor

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BIOREACTOR - DESIGN & THEIR FUNCTION -AIR LIFT BIOREACTOR -TOWER BIOREACTOR -MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR ANITHA.Y 14KUST4002

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Page 1: Specialized bioreactor

SPECIALIZED BIOREACTOR - DESIGN & THEIR FUNCTION

-AIR LIFT BIOREACTOR -TOWER BIOREACTOR -MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

ANITHA.Y 14KUST4002

Page 2: Specialized bioreactor

AIR-LIFT BIO-REACTOR •Has promising role than stirred tank bioreactor – aerobic digestion.

• It is a typical “motionless” bioreactor where internal circulation & mixing – bubbling air.

• Employs pressurized air/force to circulate the nutrient medium & cells.

• Used to culture cells - sensitive to shear.

•They usually employ gas-liquid or gas-slurry contact process.

•Technically & Economically feasible – production of beer, citric acid, vinegar, biomass of yeast , bacteria & fungi

Page 3: Specialized bioreactor

DESIGN OF AIR-LIFT BIOREACTOR•AL Bio-Reactor Consists of a liquid pool divided into 2 distinct zones

• Entire bioreactor is divided into 2 halves by a draft tube : -inner (gassed)region - riser -outer(ungassed)region-downcomer

• RISER- has a gas injection- air moves forward

• DOWNCOMER- has a degassed media & cells

• Mean density gradient b/w riser & down comer

•Difference of density- continuous circulation

• Oscillators(spargers)with nozzle - produce gas

• Headspace or vent – release of gas,foam,flocculation

Draft tube

Page 4: Specialized bioreactor

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALR Liquid mixing Mass transfer Rate of gas transfer Energy dissipation

USES OF ALR1. Mammalian cell culture

2. Waste water treatment

3. Biological processes involving biocatalysts as solids

4. To produce bio-pharma proteins from fragile cells

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TYPES OF AIR-LIFT

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MODIFICATIONS OF ALR

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ADVANTAGES Homogenous mixing & distribution of gas. Simple design, with no moving parts or agitator Less maintenance, less risk of defects Easier Sterilization (no agitator/shaft) Low energy requirement ,low shear force

DIS-ADVANTAGES Greater pressure & air throughout Too much of Foaming No bubble breaker

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TOWER BIO-REACTORMainly it’s of the height: diameter 10:1 ratio (over all) but tubular section is 6:1.

Elongated, non-mechanically stirred fermentor, uni-directinal flow of gases.

Production of yeast, beer, citric acid, & tetracyclin.

Flow of substrate & air is concurrent-from bottom to top

They are of 3 types :

Bubble column tower fermentorVertical tower beer fermentorMultistage tower fermentor

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DESIGN OF TOWER REACTOR

The tower consists of four to eight compartments separated by sieve plates.

High amount of air is passed from bottom

Baffles at the base – uniform mixing of liquid

Heating & cooling jackets

Settling zone- microbes

Outlet for retrieving products

Flow controller- products are lite

Page 10: Specialized bioreactor

ADVANTAGES shorter fermentation time. no yeast lag phase  very consistent product fewer beer losses due to reduced yeast growth

less scope for different products less scope to respond to seasonal and short term variations in

demand must use a highly-flocculent pure yeast culture difficult to maintain microbiological purity different flavour profile from batch process(BRAND) risk of yeast culture changing overtime is greater has to operate seven days a week

DIS ADVANTAGES

Page 11: Specialized bioreactor

MEMBRANE BIO-REACTOR Alternative to activated sluge process

It is the combination of membrane technology(Microfilteration&ultrafilteration) in suspended bioreactor

Used now in municipal & waste water treatment

Size of the plant-48,000 ltrs/day

Membrane size- 0.003-0.01 It is of 2 types :External- Mixed liqour filtered under pressure in a specific membrane module

Internal –Filtered in aerated basin by suction to remove effluents

Screening

Clarification

Disinfection OR Desalination

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DESIGN OF MBR It largely relates to: the configuration of the

membrane(Geometry & direction of water flow)

(flat sheet,hollow fibre, multi-channel/tube) the membrane separation process,

and(placement of membrane module)(External-side stream & internal-

submerged) the biotreatment process(biochemistry

of pollutant)(oxygen oxyanions carbon co2 ammonia nitrates phosphate in-org phosphate Ancillary equipement (screening,

membrane controll)

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CHARACTERISTICS OF MBR Membrane pore size surface charge hydrophillicity surface roughness Sludge biomass conc particle size.structure colloidal conc solluble microbial product

Operation biology (HRT,SRT,TEMPERATURE) condition memebrane (TRANSMEMBRANE

PRESSURE,TOCIXITY,AERATION)

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ADVANTAGES No settlement problems No further polishing required for disinfection/clarification No equalisation of hydraulic and organic loadings required

DISADVANTAGES Membrane surface fouling Membrane channel clogging Process complexity High capital cost High running costs

Page 15: Specialized bioreactor

REFERENCES SLIDE SHARE YOU TUBE https://www.researchgate.net Diederik Rousseau & Tineke Hooijmans, Membrane bioreactors

(MBRs) for wastewater treatment-PPT onlinelibrary.wiley.com pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/newsletter

Thank you one & all !!