specialization specialization = in any “system”, different parts have specific functions; the...
TRANSCRIPT
Specialization• Specialization = in any “system”, different parts have specific functions; the parts work together to operate the entire system.
• Specialization or “division of labor” occurs on may levels in living things.
Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms
Living Things Eukaryotes organelles
Multicellular Organisms (all are eukaryotic)
cells --- > organelles
tissues
organs
organ systems
Specialization: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes– How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
different?
– Single click on the link below to find out.
Learn Biology: Cells—Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Example of a Prokaryote:
Bacteria
How are bacteria specialized to infect other living things?
Specialization• Specialization = in any “system”, different parts have specific functions; the parts work together to operate the entire system.
• Specialization or “division of labor” occurs on may levels in living things.
Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms
Living Things Eukaryotes organelles
Multicellular Organisms (all are eukaryotic)
cells --- > organelles
tissues
organs
organ systems
Specialization: Eukaryotic Cells• Cells have organelles that are specialized to perform
certain functions• This is true whether a cell is a unicellular organism or
it is part of a multi-cellular organism• This is true in both plant and animal cells
OrganellesWhat are the functions of each of these cell
parts?
Cell Membrane
Cyroplasm
Nucleus
Watch the video below and determine the function of each of the following cell parts:
mitochondria ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
lysosome
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IqsE8CVTms
Specialization: Unicellular OrganismsSingle celled organisms not only contain the standard organelles, but might also
be specialized in other ways.
What function do the cilia in the paramecium and the flagella in the euglena serve?
Observe the movement of an amoeba. How is its cell membrane specialized to aid in this movement?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA&feature=fvwrel
Specialization• Specialization = in any “system”, different parts have specific functions; the parts work together to operate the entire system.
• Specialization or “division of labor” occurs on may levels in living things.
Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms
Living Things Eukaryotes organelles
Multicellular Organisms (all are eukaryotic)
cells --- > organelles
tissues
organs
organ systems
Specialization: Multicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms are not only specialized with individual cell, but also group together cells to form tissues, organs, and organ system to carryout life functions.
The Circulatory System
The job of the circulatory system is to move bloodthrough the body. It carriesoxygen and nutrients to cellsand organs and returns waste products.
Circulatory System – The Heart Organ
What is the specialized function of the heart?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDL_ufFxvEE
The Heart – Muscle TissueMuscle tissue is made up of muscle cells that work together to
expand and contract in order to pump blood through the body.
How does the shape of the cells allow for the tissue to function this way?
Blood CellsBlood cells are pumped Through the body carrying oxygen and nutrients toorgans and removing wasteFrom them.
How does the shape ofblood cells allow them to travel through the body and carry out their job?
http://www.myvideo.de/watch/7439400/blood_circulation_in_the_human_body
Other Specialized Cells in Human
This is a picture of a nerve cell.
What is the function of a nerve cell?
How does its shape aid in itsfunction?
Other Specialized Cells in HumanThis is a picture of a sperm cell.
What is the function of a sperm cell?
How does its shape aid in its function?
Other Specialized Cells in HumanThese are pictures of skin cells working together as tissue
What is the function of skin cells?
How does its shape aid in its function?
Review of Specialization in Humans
watch this video and ponder how complex life really is........
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow0jH2Eg8v4
Specialization in Plants
All multicellular organisms have specialized systems, organ, tissues and cells?
What major jobs do each
of the following plant partsHave?
RootsStemsLeavesFlowers
Leaf Cross SectionThe top and bottom of the leaf are covered with “epidermal” cells. Why?
The upper part of the leaf (the palisade layer) is loaded with cells that are packed with chloroplasts – why?
Stomata and Guard CellsThe underside of a leaf contains specialized cells called “guard
cells” that cause the opening and closing of pores called “stomata”. Speculate why these pores open and close.
Use the diagram below to help you explain how the stoma opens and closes.
Specialization• Specialization = in any “system”, different parts have specific functions; the parts work together to operate the entire system.
• Specialization or “division of labor” occurs on may levels in living things.
Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms
Living Things Eukaryotes organelles
Multicellular Organisms (all are eukaryotic)
cells --- > organelles
tissues
organs
organ systems
Summary
• Write a 4 – 6 sentence summary explaining how and why specialization occurs in single and multicellular organisms.