special study on sustainable fisheries management and international trade in the southeast asia and...

7/27/2019 Special Study on Sustainable Fisheries Management and International Trade in the Southeast Asia and Pacific region

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DNF@ Rmrl`gb Udpir Sirìs

Spic`dk Stuny mg Sustd`gdfkiO`shirìs Adgdbiaigt dgn@gtirgdt`mgdk ^rdni `g thiSmuthidst Ds`d dgn Udcò`c Vib`mg

Adsdyul` Lmadtsu

Gm. >38Mctmfir 6543

Ds`dg Nivikmpaigt Fdgl @gst`tuti



^hi Rmrl`gb Udpir sirìs `s d cmgt`gudt`mg mo thi omrairky gdain N`scuss`mg Udpir sirìs<thi guafir`gb mo thi pdpirs cmgt`guin w`thmut `gtirrupt`mg mr chdgbi. DNF@‐s wmrl`gbpdpirs riokict `g`t`dk `nids mg d tmp`c dgn dri pmstin mgk`gi omr n`scuss`mg. DNF@ igcmurdbisridnirs tm pmst thi`r cmaaigts mg thi ad`g pdbi omr idch wmrl`gb pdpir (b`vig `g thic`tdt`mg fikmw). Smai wmrl`gb pdpirs ady nivikmp `gtm mthir omras mo pufk`cdt`mg.

Subbistin c`tdt`mg:

Lmadtsu, A. 6543. Spic`dk Stuny mg Sustd`gdfki O`shirìs Adgdbiaigt dgn @gtirgdt`mgdk^rdni `g thi Smuthidst Ds`d dgn Udcò`c Vib`mg. DNF@ Rmrl`gb Udpir >38. ^mlym: Ds`dgNivikmpaigt Fdgl @gst`tuti. Dvd`kdfki: http://www.dnf`.mrb/wmrl`gb-pdpir/6543/45/4?/9043.sustd`gdfki.o`shirìs.agbt.`gtirgdt`mgdk.trdni/

Ukidsi cmgtdct thi duthmrs omr `gomradt`mg dfmut th`s pdpir.

Iad`k: lmadtsuadsdyulÈbad`k.cma

Adsdyul` Lmadtsu `s Urmoissmr, Gdt`mgdk Brdnudti @gst`tuti omr Umk`cy Stunìs (BV@US).

^hi vìws ixprissin `g th`s pdpir dri thi vìws mo thi duthmr dgn nm gmt gicissdr`kyriokict thi vìws mr pmk`cìs mo DNF@, thi DNF, `ts Fmdrn mo N`rictmrs, mr thi bmvirgaigts

thiy riprisigt. DNF@ nmis gmt budrdgtii thi dccurdcy mo thi ndtd `gckunin `g th`s pdpir dgn dccipts gm rispmgs`f`k`ty omr dgy cmgsiquigcis mo thi`r usi. îra`gmkmby usin adygmt gicissdr`ky fi cmgs`stigt w`th DNF moo`c`dk tiras.

Ds`dg Nivikmpaigt Fdgl @gst`tutiLdsua`bdsil` Fu`kn`gb 8O

3-6-9 Ldsua`bdsil`, Ch`ymnd-lu^mlym 455-?558, Jdpdg

îk: +84-3-3903-9955Odx: +84-3-3903-9924YVK: www.dnf`.mrbI-ad`k: `gomEdnf`.mrb

© 6543 Ds`dg Nivikmpaigt Fdgl @gst`tuti



DNF@ Rmrl`gb Udpir >38 Lmadtsu

Dfstrdct

^h`s pdpir dgdkyzis thi currigt stdtus mo o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi `g Smuthidst Ds`d dgn`gtirgdt`mgdk trdni. Dgdkys`s cmgckunis thdt d pmk`cy mo sustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt omr fmthcdpturi o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi `s mo bridtist àpmrtdgci, fut such d pmk`cy hds fiig

gi`thir pkdggin gmr àpkiaigtin w`th d hmk`st`c dgn kmgb-tira pirspict`vi. Currigt pmk`cyriokicts d shmrt-tira vìw dgn thi àain`dti giins mo idch gdt`mg. ^hiriomri, cdpdc`tyfu`kn`gb mo huadg rismurcis dgn mrbdg`zdt`mgs, `gckun`gb bmvirgaigts, `s giinin omr thiomraukdt`mg mo hmk`st`c gdt`mgdk pmk`cìs tm siil kmgb-tira dgn ougndaigtdk riainìs omr thisustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt mo o`shirìs rismurcis dgn `gtigsòìn dgn ixtigs`vi dqudcukturi.Such hmk`st`c gdt`mgdk pmk`cìs shmukn `gckuni scìgci-fdsin adgdbiaigt, amg`tmr`gb,igomrciaigt, cmmrn`gdt`mg mo cdpturi o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi, dgn `gtirgdt`mgdk trdnipmk`cìs. @t ady `gckuni thi iooicts mo ckàdti chdgbi dgn m`k pr`ci `gcridsis, ds wikk ds`gtirgdt`mgdk adrlit trigns dgn ribukdt`mgs mr fdrrìrs. Amrimvir, `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni w`kk fiprmamtin fdsin mg thi sustd`gdf`k`ty mo cdpturi o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi. DNF aiafirsdgn bmvirgaigts dri urbin tm prmv`ni moo`c`dk nivikmpaigt dss`stdgci omr pmk`cyàpkiaigtdt`mg, `g pdrt`cukdr tm thi pr`vdti sictmrs thdt ady gmt mthirw`si rici`vi dgy, dgn

tm sadkk dgn cmaaug`ty-rikdtin fus`gissis. Vicmaaigndt`mgs omcus mg fu`kn`gb cdpdc`tyomr thi kmgb rug, damgb mthirs, omr wh`ch odc`k`tdt`mg shmukn fi prmv`nin.

JIK Ckdssò`cdt`mg: O?>, T66, M43




Cmgtigts

4. Mvirvìw mo O`shirìs mo thi Rmrkn dgn Smuthidst Ds`d ............................................. 3 6. O`shirìs fy Sictmr, Cdpturi O`shirìs, dgn Dqudcukturi........................................... 9

6.4 Adr`gi Cdpturi O`shiry Urmnuct`mg `g Smuthidst Ds`d ................................... 9 6.6 Dqudcukturi Urmnuct`mg `g Smuthidst Ds`d ..................................................... 2 6.3 O`sh`gb îchgmkmby ........................................................................................ 8 6.> O`shir̀ is fy Kdfmr Stdtus .............................................................................. 0

3. ^hi Stdtus mo @gtirgdt`mgdk ̂ rdni ............................................................................. 45 3.4 O`sh ̂ rdni @gcridsi ..................................................................................... 45 3.6 Icmgma`c Cmgtr`fut`mg mo O`sh ^rdni ........................................................... 44 3.3 Urmcissmrs omr @gtirgdt`mgdk ^rdni ............................................................... 46 3.> Vik`dgci mo Smuthidst Ds`dg Cmugtrìs mg Adrlit Cmugtrìs ....................... 46 3.9 Sdg`tdry dgn Uhytmsdg`tdry Aidsuris dgn Mthir ^rdni Aidsuris .............. 46 3.? IY Umk`cy mg O`shirìs ^rdni-Umtigt`dk Chdgbis `g ^dròo dgn Gmg-tdròo

Fdrrìrs `g O`shirìs ^rdni: @gtir-rib`mgdk dgn @gtrd-rib`mgdk ....................... 43 >. O`shirìs Adgdbiaigt omr Adr`gi Cdpturi O`shirìs ............................................... 4>

>.4 ûgd ............................................................................................................ 4> >.6 Surà` O`shirìs mr ^rdwk O`shirìs `g thi Vib`mg ........................................ 49 >.3 Cmugtry‐s ^drbit omr Ommn Sicur`ty .............................................................. 42 >.> Ckàdti Chdgbi @apk`cdt`mgs omr O`shirìs ................................................... 42

9. Umtigt`dk îchg`cdk dgn O`gdgc`dk Dss`stdgci orma Nivikmpaigt Fdgls dgnBmvirgaigts ........................................................................................................... 48

?. Cmgckus`mgs ............................................................................................................. 48 2. Vicmaaigndt`mgs ................................................................................................... 65 8. Dclgmwkinbiaigts .................................................................................................. 66 Vioirigcis .........................................................................................................................63




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4. M_IV_@IR MO O@SHIV@IS MO ^HI RMVKN DGNSMY^HIDS^ DS@D

Mvirdkk, wmrkn o`shiry prmnuct`mg `s st`kk brmw`gb dt d stidny pdci. Rh`ki cdpturi o`shirìs dri

stdbgdt`gb dgn nicrids`gb, dqudcukturi hds fiig `gcrids`gb dt d suoo`cìgt pdci tm moositdgy stdbgdt`mg dgn nipkit`mg iksiwhiri.

O`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi dri àpmrtdgt ds pràdry smurcis mo prmti`g omr o`shiry gdt`mgs dswikk ds àpmrtdgt omr ommn sicur`ty, cmaaug`ty k`v`gb, `gcmai bigirdt`mg, dgn ds d smurci mo omri`bg currigcy.

O`buri 4: O`shiry prmnuct`mg fy cmgt`gigt `g 6545

Gmti: Ds`d ixckunis Smuthidst Ds`d

Smurci: ‛O`shiry Stdt`st`cdk Fukkit`g mo Smuthidst Ds`d 6545‑ fy Smuthidst O`shirìs Nivikmpaigt Cigtir

O`buri 6: Chdgbis `g O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi Urmnuct`mg `g thi DSIDG 45cmugtrìs (4095-6544)

Smurci: ODM O`shstdt




>

O`buri 3: Chdgbis `g O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi Urmnuct`mg `g thi DSIDG 45cmugtrìs (4095-6544)

Gmti: @g th`s ripmrt, Smuthidst Ds`d nis`bgdtis 45 cmugtrìs – Frugi` Ndrussdkda, Cdafmn`d, @gnmgis`d, Kdm UNV,Adkdys`d, Aydgadr, Uh`k`pp`gis, S`gbdpmri, ̂ hd`kdgn, dgn _ìt Gda




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@g tiras mo o`shiry prmnuct`mg fy cmgt`gigt (a`kk`mg At), thi Ds`dg rib`mg niamgstrdtind cmgt`gumus `gcridsi orma 655?–6545, fmth `g vmkuai ds wikk ds vdkui. Vibdrn`gbvmkuai, thi dggudk `gcridsi `s ?% fut `g tiras mo vdkui thi `gcridsi `s 65%.

4. Fy wi`bht mo prmnuct`mg, thi tmtdk o`shiry dct`v`ty mo Smuthidst Ds`d yìknin 6>.9

a`kk`mg At `g 655?, `gcrids`gb cmgt`gumusky tm 34.> a`kk`mg At fy 6545. ^h`s rdp`n`gcridsi `g prmnuct`mg `s sicmgn mgky tm thi Uimpki‐s Vipufk`c mo Ch`gd (UVC),whmsi stdt`st`cs dri mo quist`mgdfki vdk`n`ty (^hi Stdti mo Rmrkn O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546).

6. @g tiras mo sictmr prmnuct`mg omr Smuthidst Ds`dg o`shirìs, adr`gi cdpturicmapr`sis 4>.0 a`kk`mg At., `gkdgn cdpturi `s 6.> a`kk`mg At, dgn dqudcukturi `s 4>.6a`kk`mg At (tmtdk 1 34.> a`kk`mg At). Fy vdkui, adr`gi cdpturi `s wmrth YS$49.0 f`kk`mg,`gkdgn cdpturi `s YS$6.9 f`kk`mg dgn dqudcukturi `s YS$43.> f`kk`mg. (^mtdk 1YS$34.8 f`kk`mg< ^hi Stdti mo Rmrkn O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546). @g mthir wmrns, th`s `s iqu`vdkigt tm dpprmxàdtiky tw`ci Jdpdg‐s dggudk tmtdk vdkui mo YS$4>.6 f`kk`mg ([455 1 YS$4), fut 2 tàis Jdpdg‐s prmnuct`mg mo >.8 a`kk`mg At `g

6544. ^hiriomri thi vdkui mo Smuthidst Ds`dg o`shiry prmnucts pir l`kmbrda `s mgith`rn thdt mo thi Jdpdgisi adrlit.

O`buri >: ^mtdk o`shiry prmnuct`mg mo thi Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs orma

6555 tm 6550 (A^)

Smurci: ‛^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546‑ Smuthidst Ds`dg O`shirìsNipdrtaigt Cigtir

6. O@SHIV@IS FP SIC^MV, CDU^YVI O@SHIV@IS, DGNDTYDCYK^YVI

6.4 Adr`gi Cdpturi O`shiry Urmnuct`mg `g Smuthidst Ds`d

Adr`gi cdpturi o`shiry prmnuct`mg `g Smuthidst Ds`d `gcridsin sk`bhtky, 4.?%,cmapdrin tm thi 44% dvirdbi `gcridsi `g tiras mo vdkui. @g 6550, @gnmgis`d riad`gin




?

thi kdrbist prmnucir, dccmugt`gb omr 33.8% mo thi rib`mg‐s tmtdk prmnuct`mg vmkuaiomkkmwin fy thi Uh`k`pp`gis, wh`ch dccmugtin omr 4?.3%, _ìt Gda (49%), Aydgadr (43.8%), ^hd`kdgn (45.0%), dgn Adkdys`d (0.> %). @g tiras mo vdkui prmnuct`mg `g 6550@gnmgis`d wds mg tmp, cmgst`tut`gb >4.6%, omkkmwin fy Aydgadr (64.>%), thiUh`k`pp`gis (49.0%), dgn Adkdys`d (46.2%). @g oòth pkdci, ^hd`kdgn dccmugtin omr 8.2%(^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546< ^hi Smuth Ds`dgO`shirìs Nivikmpaigt Cigtir (SIDOIC))

Adr`gi cdpturi o`shiry prmnuct`mg mutputs mo Frugi` Ndrussdkda, thi Uh`k`pp`gis,Adkdys`d, S`gbdpmri, dgn ^hd`kdgn hdvi dkk shmwg d nicridsi. ^hi riad`g`gbcmugtrìs `gckun`gb Cdafmn`d, @gnmgis`d, Kdm UNV, dgn _ìt Gda (O`shstdt, Ommn dgn Dbr`cukturi Mrbdg`zdt`mg mo thi Yg`tin Gdt`mgs (ODM)) w`kk dksm nicridsi `g thi outuriugkiss thi rispict`vi bmvirgaigts àpkiaigt dpprmpr`dti adgdbiaigt aidsuris dgnspicò`c hdrn tdrbit kà`ts mg cdtchis dri `gtrmnucin w`th amg`tmr`gb dgn igomrciaigt.^hd`kdgn hds dkridny ixpirìgcin d nrdst`c rinuct`mg mo prmnuct`mg orma d pidl mo 6.2a`kk`mg At tm 4.9 a`kk`mg At ficdusi `t wds phdsin mut mo @gnmgis`dg wdtirs, dgn `ts655-a`ki zmgi mo thi ^hd` Fdy o`shiry `s gm kmgbir thi ad`g o`shiry dgn thi s`ti mo

nipkitin rismurcis. ^hd` vissiks st`kk mpirdti `g thi wdtirs mo Aydgadr whiri fmttma-o`sh stmcls dri nipkitin (Ds`dg Udcò`c Vib`mgdk Moo`ci, ODM). @o th`s tmm `s phdsin mut,^hd`kdgn‐s prmnuct`mg w`kk fi ourthir nicridsin. ^hi Uh`k`pp`gis‐ prmnuct`mg `g cmdstdkwdtir hds dksm nicridsin, fut mvirdkk prmnuct`mg ady fi sustd`gin fy mpirdt`mgs dtkmgb n`stdgci dgn `g h`bh sid drids omr tugd, dkthmubh th`s rismurci odcis mvircdpdc`ty.

^hi trign mo Smuthidst Ds`d hds fiig d nicridsi `g prmnuct`mg orma cmdstdk drids,dgn ixpdgnin mpirdt`mgs `g thi h`bh sids ds wikk ds `g cmdstdk drids mo dnjdcigtgdt`mgs. Dkk Smuthidst Ds`dg gdt`mgs hdvi pmk`cìs mo sustd`gdfki o`shirìs `g thi`r wdtirs, fut gmgi mo thia hdvi spicò`c prmv`s`mgs `g thi`r O`shirìs Dcts omr iooict`viadgdbiaigt. Higci, iooict`vi adgdbiaigt `s gi`thir àpkiaigtin `g th`s rib`mg, gmr amg`tmrin mr igomrcin (‛Adr`gi o`shirìs rismurcis hdvi fiig kdrbiky mvirixpkm`tin.‑

Ds`dg O`shirìs ^mndy< Ds`d-Udcò`c O`shiry Cmaa`ss`mg, ODM Vdp`n Uufk`cdt`mg6559/?).

Adr`gi o`sh `gckun`gb tugd, sl`pjdcl, dgn adclirik prmv`nin thi h`bhist prmnuct`mg `g6550 dccmugt`gb omr dfmut 2?.>%, wh`ki crustdcidg brmups such ds t`bir prdwgs dgnp`gl shràps dccmugtin omr >.4%. ^hi amkkusl brmups such ds mctmpus dgn squ`ndccmugtin omr 3.9%. Fmth o`sh dgn crustdcidgs nicridsin `g 6550 mvir 6558, dg`gn`cdt`mg mo mvirixpkm`tdt`mg `g th`s rib`mg. ^h`s nicridsi `s amstky dttr`futdfki tm@gnmgis`d. Hmwivir, thi Uh`k`pp`gis‐ prmnuct`mg dksm nicridsin s`bgò`cdgtky `g 6550mvir 6558.

ûgd dri thi o`gdk dfugndgt spicìs omr thi n`rict tdrbit`gb mo ixpdgs`mg dotir cmdstdkrismurcis dri nipkitin. ^hiriomri urbigt pmk`cìs w`th spicò`c aidsuris tm prmtict dgn

ristmri thi YS$4?.5 f`kk`mg ([455 1 YS$4) tugd o`shirìs, dgn tm igsuri sustd`gdfkiprmnuct`mg shmukn fi put `g pkdci ds smmg ds pmss`fki.

D ougndaigtdk mfstdcki `s thdt thisi gdt`mgs kdcl rik`dfki ndtd omr thi scìgtò`cdssissaigt giinin tm sit up thi ^mtdk Dkkmwdfki Cdtch (^DC) ds d hdrn tdrbit.

Ndtd _dk`n`ty

Ds aigt`mgin dfmvi, thiri dri ougndaigtdk okdws `g thi dvd`kdfki stdt`st`cs. ^hiri `spmmr ckdssò`cdt`mg mo o`sh spicìs, dgn smaitàis gmgi dt dkk. ^hi Smuthidst Ds`dggdt`mgs hdvi d s`bgò`cdgt kdcl mo ckdssò`cdt`mg mo spicìs kdgnin omr thi adrlit. ??.>%mo thi igt`ri prmnuct`mg `s ckdssòìn ds ‘a`scikkdgimus o`sh‐. ^h`s `s d sir`mus mfstdckiomr scìgci dgn adgdbiaigt. ^hiri `s dg urbigt giin tm àprmvi thi kivik, adbg`tuni,

dgn dccurdcy mo cmkkict`mg dgn cmap`kdt`mg mo o`shiry ndtd w`th d nitd`kin spicìs




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fridlnmwg omr stmcl dssissaigt dgn adgdbiaigt. Aydgadr sàpky niscr`fis dkkadr`gi cdpturi o`sh ds ‘a`scikkdgimus‐ fy wh`ch gm stmcl dssissaigt cdg ficmgnuctin. Amrimvir, spicìs-kivik ripmrt`gb `s gmt dniqudtiky cmgnuctin omr dna`g`strdt`mg mr scìgtò`c purpmsis `g thi `gkdgn o`shirìs mo Aydgadr, Cdafmn`d, mr _ìt Gda.

O`buri 9: Urmnuct`mg vmkuai orma adr`gi cdpturi o`shirìs `g SmuthidstDs`d fy cmugtry orma 6555 tm 6550 (A^)

Smurci: ‛^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546‑ Smuthidst Ds`dg O`shirìs

Nipdrtaigt Cigtir

6.6 Dqudcukturi Urmnuct`mg `g Smuthidst Ds`d

Adr`gi dqudcukturi cmgtr`futin 96.6% tm thi rib`mg‐s dqudcukturi prmnuct`mg `g 6550.

Frdcl`sh wdtir dqudcukturi dccmugtin omr 64% wh`ki `gkdgn dqudcukturi dccmugtin omr thi riad`g`gb 62%. Hmwivir frdcl`sh wdtir dqudcukturi dccmugtin omr >0% `g tiras mo vdkui ficdusi thi prmnuct`mg spicìs cmapr`sis prdwg dgn shràp spicìs such dsfkdcl t`bir. Dqudcukturi `g thi rib`mg hds `gcridsin nrdst`cdkky w`th thi pdci mo 46%dggudkky cmgtr`fut`gb tm thi fmmst`gb mo rib`mgdk dgn gdt`mgdk icmgmaìs `g Smuthidst Ds`d. Dqudcukturi prmnuct`mg `g @gnmgis`d `s thi kdrbist `g thi rib`mg, dccmugt`gb omr

>>.3% `g tiras mo vmkuai dgn 96% `g vdkui (^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìsdgn Dqudcukturi 6546< ^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg O`shirìs Nivikmpaigt Cigtir (SIDONIC)).

^hi succissouk dqudcukturi prmnuct`mg `s dttr`futin tm Iuchiuad sidwiin (Iuchiuadspp). @gnmgis`d dppidrs tm fi thi brmw`gb gdt`mg omr dqudcukturi mo shràp ds wikk dsmthirs spicìs dgn thiri riad`gs kdgn dvd`kdfki omr dqudcukturi `g Suadtrd, Kuapugbdgn Ldkàdgtdg, dgn ^dldrdg damgb mthirs (^hi Jdpdgisi O`shiry Cmapdgy). ^hirinmis gmt dppidr tm fi, hmwivir, d hmk`st`c gdt`mgdk pkdg. _ìt Gda `s thi sicmgn kdrbistdqudcukturi gdt`mg `g thi rib`mg w`th cdto`sh, Udgdgbus spp, dgn ^`kdp`d `g cmapit`t`mgw`th prmnuct`mg fy A`ss`ss`pp`, Yg`tin Stdtis (YS) whiri dg dgt`-nuap`gb tdxdt`mg `s `gpkdci. _ìt Gda, hmwivir, hds fiig suin fy thi YS dgn gmw dg dgt`-nuap`gb tdx hds

fiig àpmsin thiri tmm. @g thi Uh`k`pp`gis, prmnuct`mg `s nma`gdtin fy Zdgz`fdr wiins




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(Iuchiad cmttmg``), a`kl o`sh, dgn fkdcl t`bir shràp. Fkdcl t`bir shràp igjmyspmpukdr`ty `g thi YS adrlit.

@g cdsi mo ^hd`kdgn, wh`ti kib shràp (Uigdius vdggdai`), wh`ch dccmugts omr >3% mo prmnuct`mg, `s thi adjmr spicìs omkkmwin fy G`ki ^`kdp`d (Mrimchrma`s g`kmt`cus) dt 43%.

^hd`kdgn currigtky hds thi prmfkia mo idrky amrtdk`ty sygnrmai (IAS) d n`sidsi whmsicdusi hds gmt sm odr fiig ckidrky `nigtòìn dgn gm tridtaigt mr irdn`cdt`mg hds fiigomugn omr IAS. IAS o`rst frmli mut `g smuthirg UVC dgn thig spridn tm _ìt Gda dgnAdkdys`d fiomri cma`gb tm ^hd`kdgn. @g ^hd`kdgn, IAS cdusin d rinuct`mg `gprmnuct`mg mo dkamst 95% `g 6546. Ur`cis `gcridsin fy >5% orma 6546–6543 `grispmgsi tm thi scdrc`ty mo prmnuct`mg.

^hi o`shirìs `gnustry ds wikk ds thi Bmvirgaigt mo ^hd`kdgn `s currigtky risidrch`gbthi cdusis mo IAS dgn siil`gb dktirgdt`vi kdgns su`tdfki omr wh`ti kib shràpdqudcukturi `g mthir cmugtrìs such ds `g Aydgadr.

@g Aydgadr, thi ad`g prmnucts mo dqudcukturi cmapr`si `gkdgn spicìs. ^hi ad`gspicìs `s Vmhm kdfim (Kdfim rmh`tm), wh`ch dccmugts omr ?>% mo igt`ri prmnuct`mg.

^hiri `s dksm smai adr`gi mr frdcl`sh wdtir dqudcukturi such ds mo fkdcl t`bir shràps(Uigdumus amgmnmg) `g Drdldgisi stdti, fut `t `s st`kk ugnir nivikmpaigt. @gtigs`vidqudcukturi, hmwivir, hds gmt yit fiig nivikmpin dgn `s gmt thi pr`mr`ty mo thiBmvirgaigt mo Aydgadr dt prisigt (^hi Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs Urisigtdt`mg tm thi^hd` Nikibdt`mg `g Pdgbmg, Ady 64).

6.3 O`sh`gb îchgmkmby

^hi ad`g iqu`paigt omr o`shiry prmnuct`mg `s trdwk`gb dgn pursi si`gi gits. Dkthmubhdkk cmugtrìs st`kk usi nròtgits dgn fmttma b`kkgits, pmki dgn k`gi, ds wikk ds j`bb`gb `gcmdstdk o`shirìs, amst adr`gi cdpturi o`shiry prmnuct`mg cmais orma trdwk`gb dgn

pursi si`gi gits. ^hiy dri pmwirouk dgn ioo`cìgt, prmnuc`gb kdrbi damugts mo cdtch `gd s`gbki hduk. ^rdwk-cdubht trdsh o`sh dri n`rictin tm o`shaidk dgn oiin`gb omr dqudcukturi. @g Adkdys`d, trdwk`gb `s prma`gigt w`th trdsh o`sh prmnuct`mg dccmugt`gb omr 39% mo thi tmtdk. ^hi cmgt`guin prmnuct`mg mo trdsh o`sh, hmwivir, kidns tm d nicridsimo mvirdkk prmnuct`mg dgn shr`gldbi mo o`sh s`zi.




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O`buri 9: Urmnuct`mg vmkuai orma `gkdgn cdpturi o`shirìs mo thiSmuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs orma 6555 tm 6550 (A^)

Smurci: ‛^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi 6546‑ Smuthidst Ds`dg O`shirìsNipdrtaigt Cigtir

‛^rdsh o`sh prmnuct`mg àpkìs thdt, omr thi tài fi`gb, suoo`cìgt oiin omr dqudcukturiprmnuct`mg w`kk fi dvd`kdfki. @giv`tdfky, d v`c`mus sp`rdk hds ivmkvin whiri thi niadgnomr kmw vdkui/trdsh o`sh hds suppmrtin `gcrids`gb o`sh`gb prissuri mg dkridny nibrdninrismurcis‑ (thi dfmvi-aigt`mgin rioirigci ODM 6559/?).

6.> O`shirìs fy Kdfmr Stdtus

S`gci o`shirìs cmgtr`futin s`bgò`cdgtky tm `gn`v`nudk, rib`mgdk, dgn gdt`mgdk icmgmaìs,thi kdfmr stdtus mo o`shirìs `s d adjmr `ssui omr thi gdt`mgdk pmk`cy mo idch bmvirgaigt.Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs hdvi fibug tm fmmst icmgma`c nivikmpaigt dgn th`s dooictsthi dbr`cukturi dgn o`shirìs wmrlomrci. @gcrids`gb thi `gcmai mo wmrlirs `g o`shirìsw`kk fi dg àpmrtdgt gdt`mgdk pmk`cy. Sdkis prmciin`gb orma o`shirìs prmnucts dri mo dh`bhir vdkui thdg thmsi orma dbr`cukturi prmnucts, dgn sm prmamt`mg mo o`shiryprmnuct`mg dgn dqudcukturi omr fmth `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni dgn nmaist`c cmgsuapt`mg `swhdt thi bmvirgaigt dgn thi pr`vdti sictmrs mubht tm str`vi omr. Hmwivir, ds gdt`mgdk`gcmai kiviks `gcridsi, thi dnvdgtdbi mo cmapit`t`vi wdbis `g thi o`shirìs wmrlomrci

ady fi kmst. Pmugbir bigirdt`mgs w`kk kmsi thi`r idbirgiss tm igbdbi `g such d nòo`cukt,n`rty, dgn ndgbirmus jmf. ^hiriomri, ivig damgb thi Smuthidst Ds`dg gdt`mgs dnicridsi `g thi o`shirìs wmrlomrci `s `giv`tdfki, dgn thi shr`gldbi mo rurdk o`shirycmaaug`tìs dgn cmgcma`tdgt `gcridsi `g urfdg pmpukdt`mgs w`kk fi d phigmaigmg mo thi outuri ds wds thi cdsi `g Jdpdg nur`gb thi h`bh icmgma`c brmwth icmgma`c ird mo thi 40?5s dgn 4025s.

@g 6550, @gnmgis`d ripmrtin thi h`bhist guafir mo o`shiry wmrlirs dt 9.0 a`kk`mg pimpki,w`th 3?% `gvmkvin `g adr`gi cdpturi o`shirìs mo wh`ch 95% wiri oukk-tài. Mo thi`gkdgn o`shirìs, thiri dri >98,555 wmrlirs, cmapr`s`gb 32% thdt dri oukk-tài.

Aydgadr hds thi sicmgn kdrbist guafir mo o`shiry wmrlirs dt 3.6 a`kk`mg, cmapr`si>>% adr`gi cdpturi wmrlirs mo wh`ch 4?% dri oukk-tài, 48% pdrt-tài dgn thi rist

mccds`mgdk o`shirs. @gkdgn cdpturi o`shirìs hdvi 4.? a`kk`mg wmrlirs mo wh`ch 34% dri




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oukk tài dgn 40% dri pdrt-tài. @g dqudcukturi, thiri dri 285,555 wmrlirs dgn 69%dri oukk-tài< thi pdrt-tài dgn mccds`mgdk wmrlirs dri thi adjmr wmrl`gb omrciigbdbin `g pdnny-oìkn r`ci prmnuct`mg. ^hisi guafirs niamgstrdti thi bridt guafir mo o`shirs rik`dgt mg o`shirìs, dgn w`th pir cdp`td `gcmai fi`gb sm sadkk o`shiry wmrlirsdri `giv`tdfky pmmr (Smuthidst Ds`dg Stdti mo O`shirìs `g 6546, SIDONIC).

3. ^HI S^D^YS MO @GÎVGD^@MGDK ^VDNI

3.4 O`sh ^rdni @gcridsi

Orma 6555–6545, wmrkn ixpmrts mo o`sh dgn o`shiry prmnucts `gcridsin `g tiras mo vmkuai fy ?>?,555 At dggudkky, dgn `g tiras mo vdkui fy YS$9655 a`kk`mg dggudkky. @g6558, Iurmpi – `gckun`gb Gmrwdy dgn @cikdgn, wh`ch dri gmt IY aiafirs – ixpmrtinthi kdrbist damugt mo o`sh dgn o`shiry prmnucts, dccmugt`gb omr 32% `g tiras mo vmkuaidgn 38% `g tiras mo vdkui. Iurmpi `tsiko `s d adjmr àpmrtir mo o`sh cmaamn`tìs orma

muts`ni mo thi IY aiafir gdt`mgs. Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs ixpmrtin amri thdg 4>%mo thi bkmfdk ixpmrt vmkuai. Orma Ds`d, thi UVC `s thi kdrbist ixpmrtir – `gckun`gb ri-ixpmrt`gb – cmgtr`fut`gb 44.5% tm thi bkmfdk ixpmrt vdkui, omkkmwin fy Gmrwdy prmv`n`gb2%. Orma damgb thi Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs, ^hd`kdgn‐s ixpmrt vdkui cmgtr`futis?% tm thi wmrkn tmtdk vdkui wh`ki _ìt Gda cmgtr`futis >%.

@g 6558, Iurmpi wds dksm thi kdrbist àpmrtir dt >5% dgn >2% mo vmkuai dgn vdkui,rispict`viky. Jdpdg, `g 6558, àpmrtin thi wmrkn kdrbist shdri mo o`sh dgn o`shirìsprmnucts omr d s`gbki gdt`mg, dccmugt`gb omr 4>%, fut ds mo 6546 thi UVC `s thi kdrbistàpmrt`gb gdt`mg `g tiras mo vdkui omkkmwin fy Jdpdg. ^hi YS `s dksm mgi mo thi kdrbist-àpmrt`gb gdt`mgs, dccmugt`gb omr 43% mo bkmfdk àpmrts. Cmgs`nir`gb 0% mo thinmaist`c suppky mo o`sh dgn o`shiry prmnucts tm fi `gsuoo`cìgt omr nmaist`ccmgsuapt`mg, thi YS bmvirgaigt dnmptin d gdt`mgdk bu`nik`gi `g 6544 tm `gcridsinmaist`c o`shirìs prmnuct`mg fy `gtrmnuc`gb dgn ighdgc`gb dqudcukturi.

@g thi pir`mn mo 402?-6558 thi o`shiry trdni briw s`bgò`cdgtky dt dg dvirdbi dggudkrdti mo `gcridsi mo 8.3 % (ODM 6545, Stdtis mo O`shirìs) `g tiras mo vdkui. ^h`s wdsnui tm structurdk chdgbis `g thi gdt`mgs w`th kmgb n`stdgci okiits such ds kmss mo o`sh`gbbrmugns, `gtrmnuct`mg mo dqudcukturi, dgn `ts amnirg`zdt`mg omr cmkn chd`gs ormaprmnuct`mg tm cmgsuairs. @g dnn`t`mg, `gcrids`gb cmgsuapt`mg mo o`shiry cmaamn`tìs,trdni k`firdt`mg pmk`cìs, bkmfdk`zdt`mg mo ommn trdgspmrtdt`mg systias, tichgmkmby`ggmvdt`mgs omr qudk`ty cmgtrmk, dgn prisirvdt`mg hds prmamtin `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni, gmtmgky tm nivikmpin gdt`mgs, fut dksm tm nivikmp`gb cmugtrìs such ds thi UVC dgn thiA`nnki Idst. @aprmviaigts `g prmciss`gb dgn pdcl`gb mo pripdrin dgn prisirvinsidommn hdvi fiig s`bgò`cdgt w`th tichgmkmby trdgsoir mccurr`gb thrmubh mg-thi-jmf

trd`g`gb fy nivikmpin cmugtrìs. ^hi Surà` prmnuct`mg tichgmkmby trdgsoir `s mgiixdapki fy wh`ch Jdpdgisi `gnustry hds cmgtr`futin tm thdt mo Smuthidst Ds`d. ^hiricigt nivikmpaigts `g o`shiry prmnucts hdvi fiig odc`k`tdtin fy ormzig omras.Hmwivir, thi amst ricigt trign `g trdndfki prmnucts hds fiig i`thir ch`kkin omras mr orish omras tm aiit thi niadgns mo thi h`bh qudk`ty mo sidommn adrlit.

^hi prdct`ci mo mutsmurc`gb mo prmciss`gb dt thi rib`mgdk kivik `s viry s`bgò`cdgt, dgn `tsixtigt `s nipignigt mg spicìs, prmnuct omra, cmst mo kdfmr, dgn qudk`ty dgn kivik mo trd`g`gb mo wmrlirs. Omr ixdapki, whmki o`sh orma thi Jdpdgisi, Iurmpidg dgn Gmrth Dair`cdg adrlits dri sigt tm Ds`d (UVC, @gn`d, ^hd`kdgn, dgn _ìt Gda), dgncmapdgìs `g thmsi cmugtrìs dri istdfk`shin ds jm`gt vigturis omr prmciss`gb dgnpdcl`gb w`th cmapdgìs w`th`g thi adrlits. Hmwivir, thisi bimbrdph`cdk dnvdgtdbis

dri k`liky tm chdgbi. Gdt`mgs thdt gmw ixpirìgci `gcridsis `g wdbis/`gcmai, pmk`t`cdk




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`gstdf`k`ty, dgn kiss dccmugtdf`k`ty dgn trdgspdrigcy mo cmgtrdct dri prmgi tm adl`gb`gvistaigts `g mthir Ds`dg gdt`mgs such ds Aydgadr, wh`ch currigtky dttrdcts`gvistaigt. Higci, thiri hdvi fiig cmapkd`gts dnnrissin fy thi cmapdgìs mo `gvist`gb gdt`mgs thdt thi bmvirgaigt systias, gdturi mo cmgtrdcts, dgn wmrl`gbprdct`ci dri gi`thir ckidr gmr trdgspdrigt igmubh tm sustd`g kmgb-tira trustwmrthyfus`giss prdct`cis (duthmr‐s hidr`gb orma Jdpdgisi cmapdgìs `g Jugi 6543).

@g tiras mo prmnuct qudk`ty, orishgiss `s d h`bh pr`mr`ty omr cmgsuairs dgn riqu`risprmnuct`mg s`tis tm fi ckmsir tm thi o`shirìs sm prmciss`gb dgn pdcl`gb mo prmnucts cdgtdli pkdci gidrfy.

O`buri ?: Ixpmrtin o`sh dgn o`shiry prmnucts `g 4002-4008 tm 6544-6546

Smurci: ‛Stdt`st`cs mo Ixpmrtin O`sh dgn o`shiry Urmnucts orma Aydgadr (6545-6544) & (6544-6546)* A`g`stry mo K`vistmcl dgn O`shirìs, Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs

3.6 Icmgma`c Cmgtr`fut`mg mo O`sh ^rdni

^hi Smuthidst Ds`dg gdt`mgs ixpmrt tm adjmr o`sh-cmgsua`gb gdt`mgs such ds Jdpdg,thi Iurmpidg Yg`mg, dgn thi YS. Dt o`rst thiy ixpmrtin tm Jdpdg, dgn brdnudkkyn`virsòìn thi adrlits tm thi IY dgn YS. Currigtky mthir adrlits, such ds thmsi `g thiUVC, thi A`nnki Idst, Vuss`d, dgn Frdz`k dri ixpdgn`gb. ^hmsi adrlits dri ixpdgn`gbds `gcmai kiviks `gcridsi, thi icmgmaìs nivikmp, dgn thi styki mo nìtdry kòificmais amri fmrnirkiss dgn `gtirgdt`mgdk `g d hdramg`z`gb mo cukturi. Amrimvir,amri dttigt`mg `s fi`gb b`vig tm hidkth dgn disthit`cs ds thi hybìgi dgn sdg`tdrytridtaigt mo o`shiry prmnucts dri nivikmpin. Ikiaigts mo Jdpdgisi nìtdry sidommncukturi such ds sush` dgn tiapurd dri gmw sirvin `g d kmcdkky dnjustin styki `g idchgdt`mg dgn smai mo thisi stykis dri ivig ixpmrtin fdcl tm Jdpdg. ^h`s aidgs thdtsidommn, ivig `g rdw omras, `s gmw dcciptin dgn dndptin ds `gtirgdt`mgdk cu`s`gi.

O`sh `s thi amst hidv`ky trdnin mo ommns dgn odst brmw`gb damgb dbr`cukturdkcmaamn`tìs `g thi `gtirgdt`mgdk adrlits. Hmwivir, s`bgò`cdgt cmgcirgs hdvi fiigrd`sin fy o`shirìs adgdbiaigt ixpirts dgn fuyirs mo rdw adtir`dk omr Surà` thdt

o`shirìs adgdbiaigt `g Smuthidst Ds`d `s kiss thdg dniqudti. Gmgi mo thi gdt`mgs




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hdvi dg iooict`vi o`shirìs adgdbiaigt ribài w`th stmcl dssissaigt, kib`skdt`mg,amg`tmr`gb, dgn igomrciaigt. D brdvi cmgcirg `s thi rdp`n nipkit`mg mo adr`gi o`shprmnuct`mg. ^h`s nipkit`mg hds dkridny fiig mfsirvin `g thi cdtch stdt`st`cs mo ^hd`kdgn, thi Uh`k`pp`gis, dgn @gnmgis`d. Dkthmubh thi prmnuct`mg stdt`st`cs drig‐tdvd`kdfki omr Aydgadr, adgy prmoiss`mgdks `g thi `gnustry, thi adrlit pkdcis, dgn thiprmciss`gb dgn pdcl`gb sictmr dri cmgcirgin dfmut ricigt nicridsis `g thi tmtdkprmnuct`mg dgn shr`gldbi mo cdtch s`zis.

3.3 Urmcissmrs omr @gtirgdt`mgdk ^rdni

Urmcissmrs omr `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni hdvi ficmai amri `gtibrdtin w`th prmnucirs/o`shirs,ispic`dkky omr fmttma o`sh dgn tugd whiri thi kdrbi prmcissmrs dri kmcdtin `g Ds`d.

@g thi cdsi mo kdrbi prmnucirs, cdto`sh dgn shràp hdvi istdfk`shin dnvdgcincigtrdk`zin prmciss`gb pkdgts tm àprmvi thi prmnuct a`x, tm mftd`g fittir yìkns, dgn tmrispmgn tm thi ivmkv`gb qudk`ty dgn sdoity riqu`riaigts `g àpmrt`gb cmugtrìs.

@g Gmrwdy dgn @cikdgn, àprmvin prmciss`gb tichgmkmbìs dri dksm àpmrtdgt omr thiut`k`zdt`mg mo dkk o`sh pdrts. Omr ixdapki, `g nòoirigt nìtdry cukturis such ds thmsi mo Dor`cd fmgi dgn hidns dri dppric`dtin, dgn `g Spd`g sl`gs dri cmgsuain. Ivig thistmadch `s d h`bhky vdkuin nik`cdcy `g Ch`gisi cu`s`gi. Ourthiramri, dgy ugusinpmrt`mg mo thi o`sh ady fi ut`k`zin `g wdtir tridtaigt, cmsait`cs, dgn omr hidkthommn`gbrinìgts such ds chmgnrm`t`g dgn bkutda`c dc`n. Gmth`gb ady fi n`scdrnin, dgncmapmgigts ady fi ourthir usin omr gmg-huadg dppk`cdt`mgs.

3.> Vik`dgci mo Smuthidst Ds`dg Cmugtrìs mg AdrlitCmugtrìs

Ixpmrts riky mg thi àpmrt`gb adrlit, dgn prmciss`gb tichgmkmbìs dri hidv`kynipignigt upmg thi suppky mo sirv`cis dgn trd`g`gb tm nivikmp`gb cmugtrìs. @g tmtdk,28% mo o`shiry prmnucts dri n`rictin tm thi nivikmpin gdt`mgs.

Mw`gb tm stdbgdgt o`shiry prmnuct`mg mr thi ugsustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt mo nmaist`co`shirìs, nivikmpin cmugtrìs dri k`liky tm nipign mg thi àpmrt mo o`sh dgn o`shiryprmnucts orma nivikmp`gb gdt`mgs ribdrnkiss mo thi qudk`ty mo o`shirìs adgdbiaigtdgn dqudcukturi pmk`cy `g thmsi gdt`mgs. Hmwivir, cmgt`gumus suppky mo o`shiry dgndqudcukturi prmnucts tm thi adrlit cmugtrìs ady gmt fi pmss`fki ficdusi odcimoo thinipkit`mg mo adr`gi cdpturi o`shirìs dgn thi ugsustd`gdf`k`ty mo dqudcukturi prdct`cis.

3.9 Sdg`tdry dgn Uhytmsdg`tdry Aidsuris dgn Mthir ^rdni

Aidsuris Dt prisigt, thi `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni aidsuris omr o`shiry prmnucts riqu`ri h`bh-kivikqudk`ty dgn sdoity-rikdtin àpmrt stdgndrns dgn prdct`cis. ^hi IY hds thi Bigirdk`zinSystia mo Urioirigcis (BSU) omr thi spic`dk tridtaigt mo nivikmp`gb gdt`mgs. ^hi IYdksm hds thi IY cirtò`cdt`mg mg prmnucts omr àpmrt tm thi IY Adrlit, ds wikk ds thiCdtch Cirtò`cdti. Hidkth dgn sdoity stdgndrns dri àpmsin fy thi IY ds Bmmn Dqudcukturi Urdct`cis. ^hi Bmvirgaigt mo ^hd`kdgn hds dnmptin aidsuris iqu`vdkigttm thi IY stdgndrn, lgmwg ds thi Bmmn Dqudcukturi Urdct`ci.

@g thi cdsi mo Jdpdgisi fuyirs thi riqu`riaigts dri h`bhir ficdusi mo cmgsuair niadgns dgn Jdpdg fi`gb d rdw o`sh cmgsua`gb cukturi. ^hiy, `g pdrt`cukdr, trd`g thicmugtir-pdrt cmapdgìs dgn jm`gt vigturi pdrtgir cmapdgìs omr ighdgc`gb dgnàprmv`gb thi qudk`ty kiviks mo prmnucts tm aiit thi niadgns mo thi Jdpdgisi adrlit.




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Jdpdg‐s tdròo rdtis omr o`shiry prmnucts dri dt 3.9%, fut DSIDG gdt`mgs dkridny hdviIcmgma`c Udrtgirsh`p Dbriiaigts (IUDs) w`th thi Bmvirgaigt mo Jdpdg s`gci drmugn6559, wh`ch fr`gbs thi tdròo tm zirm dt thi prisigt tài. ^hi YS riqu`risigv`rmgaigtdkky orìgnky o`sh`gb niv`cis omr turtki rikidsi. @t dksm àpmsis h`bhir tdròossuch ds dgt`-nuap`gb tdròos dgn cmugtirvd`k`gb tdròos. Ourthiramri, omr yidrs thi YShds dksm àpmsin d trdni fdg mg Aydgadr `gckun`gb o`shirìs prmnucts `g nuicmgs`nirdt`mg mo thi`r pmk`cy tm prmamti thi niamcrdcy. ^h`s fdg hds gmw cmai tm dgign.

N`sidsi Cmgtrmk dgn Idrky Amrtdk`ty Sygnrmai

Shràp dgn prdwg dqudcukturi cdggmt iscdpi mutfridls mo n`sidsi. Idrky amrtdk`tysygnrmai (IAS) iruptin 6 yidrs dbm `g smuthirg UVC, thig cdai nmwg tm _ìt Gdadgn Adkdys`d, dgn gmw privd`ks `g ^hd`kdgn. ^hi cdusi mo th`s sygnrmai hds gmt fiigoukky ikuc`ndtin gmr `s thiri dgy curi mr tridtaigt. Dt o`rst smai mo thi shràp nì, dgnbrdnudkky dkk mo thi shràp `g thi pmgn nì. O`gdkky, rdapdgt nidth spridns tm dkk thimthir pmgns. Ds thi gdai àpkìs, thi nidth mo shràp mccurs dt thi idrky stdbis mo

dqudcukturi. _dggdai` shràp ady nì w`th`g 65–35 ndys mo thi stdrt mo odra`gb. ^hiri`s d ripmrt thdt IAS ady fi odc`k`tdtin fy v`fr`m fdctir`d thdt ix`st `g thi sidwdtir, futth`s hds yit tm fi prmvig.

Ithmxyqu`g Vis`nuis

D adjmr prmpmrt`mg mo shràp dgn prdwg dri ixpmrtin tm thi Jdpdgisi adrlit. ^hiA`g`stry mo Hidkth, Kdfmr dgn Rikodri mo thi Jdpdg Bmvirgaigt hdvi sit d stdgndrnkà`t omr chia`cdk ris`nuis such ds dgt`-mx`nis `g o`shaidk àpmrtin orma dfrmdn. @g6546 dgn 6543, shràp dgn prdwg cmgtd`g`gb ithmxyqu`g wiri gmt dkkmwin tm fiàpmrtin dgn thi Bmvirgaigt sh`ppin thia fdcl tm @gn`d, _ìt Gda, dgn thiUh`k`pp`gis.

^h`s `ssui mo ithmxyqu`g wds tdlig up dt thi R^M sufcmaa`ttii mo sdg`tdry dgnphytmsdg`tdry aidsuris. @g Jdpdg, th`s `ssui wds cmaa`ss`mgin omr omradkcmgs`nirdt`mg dgn nic`s`mg fy thi Ommn Sdoity Cmaa`ss`mg mo thi Jdpdg Bmvirgaigt`g Mctmfir 6546.

^hi kà`t omr àpmrtin o`sh, `gckun`gb sdkamg, `s sit dt 4 ppa. Hmwivir, shràp dgnprdwg dri gmt mg thi pms`t`vi k`st dgn dri tridtin ds mthirs, dgn sufjict tm thi str`ctkà`t mo 5.54 ppa. ^h`s hds cdusin d n`sputi fitwiig thi ixpmrt`gb gdt`mgs dgn Jdpdg.^h`s nòoirigci mo kà`ts fitwiig o`sh, dgn shràp dgn prdwg `s gmw fi`gb chdkkigbinfy thi ixpmrt`gb gdt`mgs dgn thi fuyirs mo trdn`gb cmapdgìs `g Jdpdg.

3.? IY Umk`cy mg O`shirìs ̂ rdni-Umtigt`dk Chdgbis `g ^dròo

dgn Gmg-tdròo Fdrrìrs `g O`shirìs ^rdni: @gtir-rib`mgdkdgn @gtrd-rib`mgdk

Cirtò`cdtis mo thi prmnucts prmnucin `g thi prmciss`gb odc`k`tìs mr dqudcukturi odc`k`tìsdri riqu`rin `g dnn`t`mg tm sdg`tdry dgn phytmsdg`tdry riqu`riaigts thdt `gckuni wdtir qudk`ty, ckidggiss mo odc`k`tìs, d`r-cmgn`t`mg`gb, wmrlir hybìgi, ds wikk ds igtrdgci dgnix`t cmgtrmks dgn tiapirdturi cmgtrmks damgb mthirs. @g dnn`t`mg, thiri `s thi cdtchcirtò`cdti, vissik rib`strdt`mg guafir, cmugtry mo mr`b`g, kdgn`gb pkdci, dgn aithmn mo trdgspmrtdt`mg damgb mthirs.

^hi Bigirdk`zin Systia mo Urioirigci

^h`s `s d gmg-ric`prmcdk trdni prmbrda thdt hds fiig dnmptin fy d guafir mo nivikmpin cmugtrìs tm prmv`ni trdni prioirigci tm nivikmp`gb cmugtrìs dgn kidst




4>

nivikmp`gb cmugtrìs. ^hi bigirdk`zin systia mo prioirigci (BSU) hdn `ts omradkmr`b`gs `g 4024 whig ixiapt`mgs tm thi amst odvmrin gdt`mgs (AOG) pr`gc`pki wiri`gtrmnucin ugnir thi bigirdk dbriiaigt mg tdròos dgn trdni (BD^^), dgn kdtir adnipiradgigt ugnir dg igdfk`gb ckdusi, pdv`gb thi wdy omr nòoirigt tdròo prioirigcis.

^hi IY BSU hds kmgb fiig thi vih`cki thrmubh wh`ch `t ixtignin d gmg-ric`prmcdktrdni prioirigci tm 42? cmugtrìs dgn tirr`tmrìs (Gduadgg dgn Icldrt 6544).

^hiri dri smai riqu`riaigts omr o`shirìs prmnucts tm fi tridtin ds BSU prmnucts,such ds whmkky mftd`gin orma thi ixpmrt`gb cmugtrìs, dgn thi cmapdgy aust fi ugnir amri thdg 95% mo mwgirsh`p.

Ds Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs nivikmp thi`r icmgmay thiy phdsi mut mo thi BSU, ds `gthi cdsi mo Adkdys`d. @g dnn`t`mg, thi dbriiaigt mo icmgma`c pdrtgirsh`p dbriiaigt(IUD) wds ridchin w`th cmugtrìs such ds ^hd`kdgn. ^hisi cmugtrìs aust dksm phdsimut mo thi BSU mo IY.

>. O@SHIV@IS ADGDBIAIG^ OMV ADV@GI CDU^YVIO@SHIV@IS

Adr`gi cdpturi o`shirìs dri hidv`ky rik`dgt upmg gdturdk adr`gi rismurcis. Rh`ki thitrign mo bkmfdk adr`gi cdpturi o`shiry prmnuct`mg hds fiig d nick`gi orma 6555–6550,thisi drids dksm shmwin d pdrt`cukdr nick`gi `g cmdstdk drids. ^hi ixpirts dgnscìgt`sts `g SIDONIC dgn ODM whm ixda`gin thi prmnuct`mg dgn stmcls shdri thivìw thdt thi cmdstdk drids `g th`s rib`mg such ds thi ^hd` Fdy, thi cmdsts `g thiUh`k`pp`gis, thi `gtirgdk sids mo @gnmgis`d, thi cmdsts `g thi smuthirg pdrt mo Aydgadr,dgn thi Smuth Ch`gd Sid dri i`thir hidv`ky nipkitin mr mviro`shin. Ivig thi mooshmridrids `g thi rib`mg such ds thi @gnmgis`dg `gtirgdk wdtirs odci s`bgò`cdgt mvircdpdc`ty

dgn mviro`sh`gb fy omri`bg vissiks cma`gb orma ^hd`kdgn. @t hds fiig cmgckunin thdtthi smuthirg cmdstdk zmgi mo Aydgadr, `gckun`gb thi ^dg`gthdry` Cmdsts, dri hidv`kymviro`shin fy omri`bg vissiks `g th`s adggir (ODM dgn SIDONIC).

^hi cdpturi o`shirìs mo Smuthidst Ds`dg gdt`mgs hdvi suooirin d nick`gi `g prmnuct`mgdttr`futdfki tm d kdcl mo dpprmpr`dti adgdbiaigt aidsuris, amg`tmr`gb, ds wikk dsigomrciaigt.

^hd`kdgn shmwin d s`bgò`cdgt nicridsi `g adr`gi cdpturi o`shiry prmnuct`mg orma6,22>,555 At `g 6555 tm 4,>0?,555 At `g 6550. ^hi cmdstdk drids dri hidv`ky nipkitindgn hdf`tdts dri `gnustr`dk`zin, rickdàin, pmkkutin dgn/mr mviro`shin.

^hi prissuri mg thi cdtch siia`gbky ouiks mvirixpkm`tdt`mg dgn icmsystianibrdndt`mg. ^hi kdcl mo dpprmpr`dti adgdbiaigt aidsuris ds wikk ds cmgok`ct`gbshmrt-tira bmdks mo prmnuct`mg fy gdt`mgdk dna`g`strdt`mgs prmv`ni ourthir chdkkigbis tmthi nivikmpaigt mo sustd`gdfki o`shirìs `g thi rib`mg (ODM 6559/? ripmrt).

>.4 ûgd

ûgd spicìs dri viry àpmrtdgt cmaairc`dk o`shiry rismurcis `g thi ixckus`viicmgma`c zmgi (IIZ) mo Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs dgn thi h`bh sids. ^hi amstàpmrtdgt spicìs dri sl`pjdcl, yikkmw o`g, f`b iyi, fkuio`g, dgn smuthirg fkui o`g tugd.^hisi tugd dri ckdssòìn ds thi mcidg`c tugd thdt a`brdti tm moo-shmri drids dgn dritdrbitin fy thi rikdt`viky f`bbir o`sh`gb fmdts dgn fy thi vissiks mo kmgb n`stdgci okiitsorma cmugtrìs such ds Jdpdg, ^d`pi`,Ch`gd, thi Vipufk`c mo Lmrid, thi UVC, dgn thi

YS. ^hi mthir tugd a`brdti tm cmdstdk zmgis dgn `gckuni: or`bdti tugd, fukkit tugd, kmgb




49

td`k tugd, dgn ldwdldwd damgb mthirs. ^hisi tugd dri ckdssòìn ds gir`t`c mr cmdstdktugd, dgn dri àpmrtdgt spicìs omr cmdstdk o`sh`gb dgn omr thi sadkk-scdki o`shirìs `gthmsi gdt`mgs.

Dkthmubh thi mcidg`c tugd such ds fkuio`g, smuthirg fkuio`g, dgn f`b iyi dri mo h`bh

vdkui omr sirv`gb ds sush` dgn sdshà` `g thi wmrkn adrlits, dgn `g pdrt`cukdr `g Jdpdg,gir`t`c tugd pr`cis dri dksm h`bh. Or`bdti tugd dgn ldwdldwd, ds cdggin prmnucts omr thi Iurmpidg adrlits, dri h`bhky ribdrnin.

@g thi Suku Sid dgn thi Cikifis Sid thiri dri pkigty mo o`sh dbbribdt`gb niv`cis(ODNs), o`raky dttdchin tm thi fmttmas mo thmsi sids dt d nipth mo 4555 aitirs(SIDONIC surviy 6545). Dt d s`bht`gb surviy mo ODNs `g thi Suku Sid fy d SIDONICrisidrch vissik, 955~255 ODNs wiri nitictin `g thdt gdrrmw sia`-ckmsin sid. Suchdrids dri viry bmmn o`sh`gb brmugns gmt mgky omr mcidg`c tugd fut dksm omr gir`t`c tugds.ODNs dri iooict`vi omr dttrdct`gb o`sh.

^hiri dri s`bgò`cdgt cmgcirgs, hmwivir, mvir thi hidkth mo tugd stmcls. @g pdrt`cukdr,ODNs dttrdct juvig`ki tugd thdt dri cdubht `g pursi si`gi gits `g fukl, wh`ch `s

cmgstruin ds fdn prdct`ci omr thi sustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt mo tugd dgn tugd-k`lispicìs.

@o juvig`ki tugds cmgt`gui tm fi cdubht `g kdrbi guafirs fy pursi si`girs, thi outuri mo tugd stmcls dri sufjict tm nipkit`mg/mvirixpkm`tdt`mg cdus`gb fdglruptcy mo thi o`sh`gb`gnustrìs `g thi Uh`k`pp`gis, Adkdys`d, ^hd`kdgn, _ìt Gda dgn @gnmgis`d.

^h`s adttir mo cmgcirg shmukn dttrdct thi dttigt`mg mo aiafir gdt`mgs. @t `s mo pràiàpmrtdgci tm hdvi thi dttigt`mg mo h`bh-kivik bmvirgaigt moo`c`dks dgn pmk`t`c`dgs tmdnmpt pmk`cìs tm tdli àain`dti dct`mg tm prmtict thisi spicìs gmt mgky dt thi gdt`mgdkkivik fut dksm dt thi DSIDG a`g`stir`dk kivik.

^hiri hdvi fiig gm adgdbiaigt aidsuris tdlig fy thi rispict`vi Smuthidst Ds`dg

cmugtrìs omr mcidg`c tugd, mr ivig omr thi gir`t`c tugd thdt a`brdti `g thi IIZ mo idchgdt`mg. Higci gmgi mo thi gdt`mgs dnmpt dpprmpr`dti adgdbiaigt aidsuris. ^hiri `sd giin tm strigbthig thi cdpdc`ty mo huadg rismurcis omr stmcl dssissaigt. Dtprisigt, huadg rismurcis ds wikk ds phys`cdk cdpdc`tìs such d risidrch vissiks tmcmkkict ndtd dri odr orma dniqudti.

Iooict`vi adgdbiaigt shmukn `gckuni thi sitt`gb up mo rib`mgdk mrbdg`zdt`mgs omr sia`-igckmsin drids surrmugnin fy vdr`mus cmugtrìs. Kdcl mo cmmpirdt`mg `s d ougndaigtdkmfstdcki tm tdl`gb dgy dct`mg tm privigt nipkit`mg mo tugd stmcls.

Iaphds`s shmukn fi pkdcin mg thi iooict`vi niadrcdt`mg mo thi wistirg cigtrdk pdcò`co`shirìs cmgvigt`mg, wh`ch bmvirgs thi mcidg`c tugd sipdrdti orma mgi thi Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs thdt dgn thi`r gir`t`c tugd.

>.6 Surà` O`shirìs mr ^rdwk O`shirìs `g thi Vib`mg

^h`s prmnuct wds o`rst adni fy Jdpdgisi tichgmkmby omr àain`dti usi `g ‘Ldadfmlm‐mr o`sh cdli. Surà` `s dg `gtirain`dti prmnuct adni orma a`gcin o`sh aidt. ^h`s surà`wds adni mo Dkdsldg pmkkdcl fy thi Jdpdgisi okiits `g thi 40?5s tm oukky ut`k`zi thistmcls thdt wiri mthirw`si usikiss. îchgmkmby wds kdtir `gtrmnucin fy Jdpdg tm mthir gdt`mgs. Ldadfmlm currigtky hds thi stdtus mo d pmpukdr `gtirgdt`mgdk sidommn dgn `sdppric`dtin ds d hidkthy dgn disthit`c ommn omr cmgsuairs drmugn thi wmrkn. Mgi mo thi h`t cmaamn`tìs `s à`tdt`mg l`gb crdf kib-aidt. ^hi rdp`n brmwth mo surà` `gnustry`g Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs hds àpdctin thi niadgn mo surà` prmnucirs (6552SIDONIC ripmrt).




4?

Surà` Urmnuct`mg `g thi Smuthidst Ds`d

^hi prmnuct`mg mo surà` `g ^hd`kdgn, Adkdys`d, _ìt Gda, Aydgadr, dgn @gnmgis`d `spràdr`ky fdsin mg niairsdk spicìs such ds thridno`g frida (Gia`ptirus spp), f`biyi (Ur`dcdgthus spp) dgn k`zdrno`sh ( Sdur`nd spp), s`gci thiy dri amst dfugndgt rdw

adtir`dks omugn `g thi rib`mg.

^hd`kdgn stdrtin surà` prmnuct`mg `g 4028 dgn `gcridsin `ts prmnuct`mg tm

?9,555 tmgs fy 400>, dgn tm 495,555 fy 6559. Ygt`k 6559 thi prmnuct`mg dgn ixpmrt mo surà` ixpdgnin dggudkky. Urmnuct`mg mo surà` orma thi cdtchis mo thi ^hd` o`sh`gb okiitmpirdt`gb ad`gky `g @gnmgis`dg wdtirs wds phdsin mut fy thi str`ct cmgtrmk mo k`cigs`gbdgn igomrciaigt. ^hd` mpirdt`mgs `g thi smuthirg pdrt mo Aydgadr dri currigtky gi`thir cmgtrmkkin gmr k`cigsin wikk. ^hi nmaist`c prmnuct`mg mo ^hd`kdgn hdn dkridnyniamgstrdtin d nick`gi fy thi 4005s. ^hd`kdgn shmukn hdvi tdlig idrkìr dct`mg tmricmvir thi rismurcis mo thi`r mwg wdtirs fut n`n gmt. @gstidn, thiy riomcusin thi`r ixtrd o`sh`gb ioomrts mg mthir cmugtrìs rdthir thdg ricmvir thi`r mwg nipkitin stmclsdkmgb thi cmdsts mo thi Fdy mo ^hd`kdgn dgn thi Adkdy Uig`gsukd.

Aydgadr‐s Mviro`sh`gb

Aydgadr o`shiry prmnuct`mg `s rdp`nky brmw`gb. ^hi tmtdk prmnuct`mg fy Aydgadr wds4.>2 a`kk`mg A^ `g 6556 dgn >.>2 a`kk`mg A^ `g 6546. Adr`gi Cdpturi o`shirìs hdvidksm brmwg prmbriss`viky orma 4.53 a`kk`mg A^ `g 6556 tm 6.33 a`kk`mg A^ `g 6546(O`shiry Stdt`st`cs 6546, Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs, A`g`stry mo k`vistmcl dgn O`shirìs).Fut `t `s ugdcciptdfki thdt thi stdt`st`cs dvd`kdfki mg adr`gi cdpturi o`shirìs `s kà`tintm tmtdk cdtchis, w`th gm spicìs fy spicìs fridlnmwg fy thi vissik s`zi, fy spicìs,mr fy drid. ^hiriomri, th`s ndtd `s ugusdfki omr scìgtò`c dssissaigt dgn adgdbiaigt.@t `s dg urbigt h`bh pr`mr`ty tm tdclki thisi ougndaigtdk prmfkias<, mthirw`si thi hidkthmo o`sh stmcls `g Aydgadr‐s IIZ o`shirìs cdggmt fi nitira`gin. @t dppidrs, hmwivir,

orma thi o`sh kdgnin thdt thiri `s d nicridsi dgn nipkit`mg mo adgy mo niairsdk stmcls.O`buri 2: O`shiry prmnuct`mg

Smurci: ‛O`shiry Stdt`st`cs (6552-6558)‑ dgn ‛O`shiry Stdt`st`cs 6546‑^hi Vipufk`c mo thi Yg`mg mo Aydgadr A`g`stry mo K`vistmcl dgn O`shirìs, Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs

Dccmrn`gb tm thi surviy risukt mo thi adr`gi o`shirìs (p.92 O`shiry Stdt`st`cs 6546,

Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs), `t wds gmtin thdt thi adxàua sustd`gdfki yìkn `s 4.59




42

a`kk`mg At. ^h`s surviy istàdti cmvirs thi rib`mg fitwiig thi 655-aitir nipth driddgn thi cmdstdk k`gi. Ds `t `s dssuain thdt thi currigt prmnuct`mg mo 6.3 a`kk`mg Atcdubht fy Aydgadr‐s vissiks ds wikk ds k`cigsin vissiks `s orma thi drid up tm 655-aitir nipth orma thi cmdst, thi prisigt cdtch kivik dppidrs tm riprisigt sir`musmvirixpkm`tdt`mg mo rismurcis.

>.3 Cmugtry‐s ^drbit omr Ommn Sicur`ty

^h`s `ssui rikdtis tm @gnmgis`d dgn ^hd`kdgn, damgb mthirs, ribdrn`gb whithir outurio`shiry prmnuct`mg `s sustd`gdfki mr gmt. Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs hdvi `gsuoo`cìgto`shiry adgdbiaigt (SIDONIC dgn ODM), dgn amst mo thi o`shirìs rismurcis drimvirixpkm`tin mr nipkitin. Ds dqudcukturi prmnuct`mg dt sid dgn dt `gtigs`vi `gkdgns`tis ixpdgns, hmwivir, thiri dri `gcrids`gb prmfkias cma`gb orma mvir-usi mr mvir-cdpdc`ty.

^hi igv`rmgaigt omr dqudcukturi nitir`mrdtis dotir usi omr sivirdk yidrs, dgn n`sidsiscdg fi tr`bbirin fy odctmrs thdt ady fi dttr`futdfki tm cmapkix `ssuis `gckun`gbigv`rmgaigt nibrdndt`mg. Hmwivir, adgy cmugtrìs st`kk siia tm fi ixpdgn`gbprmnuct`mg. ^hiy aust, thiriomri, `gtrmnuci amri scìgci-fdsin sustd`gdfki tdrbits mo prmnuct`mg. @gnmgis`d w`kk smmg ixpirìgci d nmwgwdrn trign `g adr`gi cdpturio`shirìs ficdusi mo mvir-ixpkm`tdt`mg dgn kdcl mo sustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt.

Rh`ki @gnmgis`d st`kk hds kdgn dvd`kdfki tm ixpdgn adr`gi, frdcl`sh, ds wikk ds `gkdgndqudcukturi, `g thi kmgb tira dqudcukturi prmnuct`mg giins tm fi tdrbitin omr outurisustd`gdf`k`ty dgn ommn sicur`ty.

@g thi cdsi mo ^hd`kdgn, d scìgtò`cdkky brmugnin `gn`v`nudk qumtd systia aust fi`gtrmnucin dgn àpkiaigtin< mthirw`si ^hd`kdgn‐s o`shirìs w`kk hdvi d nivdstdt`gbmutcmai. Dqudcukturi `g ^hd`kdgn ady riqu`ri thi kmgb-tira usi mo kdgns omr

dqudcukturi ds wikk ds thi usi mo trdsh o`sh. D hmk`st`c schiai shmukn fi pkdggin omr sustd`gdf`k`ty dgn ommn sicur`ty.

^hi cdsi mo G``bdtd prioicturi‐s `gn`v`nudk qumtd mg swiit shràp cmukn fi usin ds d‘Amnik Cdsi‐ omr Ds`dg cmugtrìs ribdrn`gb kidnirsh`p styki dgn cmaaug`cdt`mgs`gvmkv`gb dkk thi liy stdlihmknirs `gckun`gb o`shirs, prmcissmrs, dgn moo`cirs `g thiprioicturi. ^hi kidnirsh`p fy thi bmvirgmr `s d wmrldfki ixdapki omr àpkiaigtdt`mg `gthi odci mo nòo`cuktìs nui tm ris`stdgci orma vistin `gtirist brmups, w`th`g dg Ds`dgcmgtixt.

>.> Ckàdti Chdgbi @apk`cdt`mgs omr O`shirìs

Vicigtky, r`s`gb cmgcirg omr ckàdti chdgbi aidgs thdt thi o`shirìs sictmr austrispmgn tm `ggmvdti dgn ricmgs`nir thi o`sh`gb bidr usin omr thi sdli mo ouik ioo`cìgcy,`gstidn mo nrdw`gb trdwk gits omr kmgb hmurs. Amrimvir, ds thi pr`ci mo ouik m`k`gcridsis, amri iooict`vi usi mo o`sh`gb bidr dgn riomra mo thi mpirdt`mgdk pdttirg mo o`shirìs `s dksm giinin.

^hi bkmfdk iooict mo ckàdti chdgbi hds cdusin dkdra `g adgy drids. ^hi o`shirìssictmr `s damgb thi amst vukgirdfki. CM6 ia`ss`mg n`rictky cdusis d nicridsi mo mcidg pH kidn`gb tm mcidg dc`nò`cdt`mg dgn thi r`si mo wdtir tiapirdturi. Fmth mo thisi iooicts cdg chdgbi thi mcidg icmsystia `gckun`gb thi hdf`tdts dgn fihdv`mr mo o`sh dgn o`shirìs rismurcis. Dkthmubh ioomrts hdvi fiig tm ikuc`ndti thi iooicts mo ckàdti chdgbis `g thi mcidg, auch riad`gs uglgmwg. ^hi mvirdkk cmgckus`mg,hmwivir, `s thdt `t w`kk kidn tm d rinuct`mg `g o`shirìs prmnuct`mg. @g trmp`cdk drids thi

tiapirdturi r`si w`kk fr`gb amri o`sh tm thi h`bhir kdt`tunis, dgn thi pràdry prmnuct`mg




48

mo phytmpkdgltmg w`kk nicridsi. ^hiridotir prmnuct`mg mo thi h`bhir icmkmb`cdk g`chis,`gckun`gb o`shirìs rismurcis, w`kk fi rinucin. ^hiri dri amniks tm dgdkyzi thi outuriprmnuct`mg mo smai o`sh, such ds sdkamg dgn sdury. ^hiy ficmai sadkkir `g s`zi dgnwi`bht, kissig`gb prmnuct`mg. Amrimvir, dc`nò`cdt`mg w`kk ndadbi thi cmrdk riios dgnniamk`sh icmsystias `gckun`gb gursiry drids. @t `s gicissdry, hmwivir, tm ikuc`ndtithi spicò`c iooict mo ckàdti chdgbi `g thi mcidgs spicò`c tm thi Smuthidst Ds`dgcmugtrìs. Dqudcukturi `s dksm vukgirdfki ficdusi r`s`gb tiapirdturi dooicts pmgns dgn`gtigs`vi odc`k`tìs, wh`ch dri usudkky kmcdtin `g shdkkmwir wdtirs. @g dnn`t`mg, thi ricigtprmfkia mo IAS `s sd`n tm fi `gnucin fy h`bhir wdtir tiapirdturi. Higci, thi wdtirs`g dqudcukturi drids dri qu`cl tm rispmgn tm thi ckàdti chdgbi.

9. UMÎG^@DK ÎCHG@CDK DGN O@GDGC@DKDSS@S^DGCI OVMA NI_IKMUAIG^ FDGLS DGNBM_IVGAIG^S

^hi Jdpdg `gtirgdt`mgdk cmmpirdt`mg dbigcy (J@CD) ixtignin tichg`cdk dss`stdgci dgnnivikmpaigt dgn risidrch cmmpirdt`mg brdgt d`n tm o`shirìs drids. ^h`s brdgt d`n wdsdksm ixtignin tm DSIDG gdt`mgs. Fut ds `gcmai kivik `gcridsin such dss`stdgci dgncmmpirdt`mg wds phdsin mut mo DSIDG gdt`mgs. Aydgadr `s gmw ik`b`fki ds mgi mo thipr`mr`ty gdt`mgs omr moo`c`dk nivikmpaigt d`n (MND).

Jdpdg‐s cr`tir`d omr d`n dri whithir thi ric`pìgt gdt`mgs hdvi d pmk`cy mo sustd`gdfkiadgdbiaigt dgn dri cmmpirdt`gb `g thi `gtirgdt`mgdk mr rib`mgdk adgdbiaigtmrbdg`zdt`mgs.

^hi YS gmw prmv`nis dss`stdgci thrmubh SIDONIC tm adgdbi o`shirìs rismurcis,w`th d vìw tm pr`mr`t`z`gb whdt DSIDG cmgs`nirs SIDONIC tm fi. SIDONIC `s thi

mgky rib`mgdk o`shirìs mrbdg`zdt`mg omr dssissaigt dgn igk`bhtig`gb aiafir gdt`mgsdgn DSIDG. @ts rispmgs`f`k`tìs shmukn fi ixtignin tm cmvir thi r`s`gb giins mo pr`mr`tydrids such ds gdt`mgdk pmk`cy omraukdt`mg dgn adgdbiaigt, smaith`gb SIONIC nmisgmt currigtky hdvi d adgndti omr.

^hiri dri smai àpinàigts tm `g pmtigt`dk dss`stdgci. Jdpdgisi, Iurmpidg dgn YSfus`giss cmrpmrdt`mgs mr igtirpr`sis ady gmt ixtign dss`stdgci tm sadkk-scdkiprmciss`gb mr pdcl`gb odc`k`tìs. @g dnn`t`mg, sadkk fus`gissis ady fi muts`ni mo thiomcdk pm`gts mo fus`giss. Such sadkk fus`gissis shmukn fi suppmrtin `gstidn fy thiMND dgn pufk`c crin`t mrbdg`zdt`mgs.

O`gdkky, ds thi riqu`riaigts omr sdg`tdt`mg dgn hidkth ds wikk ds qudk`ty ficmai`gcrids`gbky h`bhir tm mftd`g thi cirtò`cdti mo stdgndrns mo thi IY, o`gdgc`dk dss`stdgci

omr thmsi cmugtrìs `g giin `s mo d v`tdk àpmrtdgci.

?. CMGCKYS@MGS

Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs hdvi fmth nòoirigt dgn n`virsòìn chdrdctir`st`cs `g cdpturio`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi. Hmwivir, thi mvirdkk sà`kdr`ty mo thi`r chdkkigbis `g thio`shirìs sictmr `s ricmbg`zin ds omkkmws:

4. @g tiras mo o`shirìs sictmr dna`g`strdt`mg `t `s ckidr thdt cdpdc`ty fu`kn`gb `surbigtky giinin. ^hiri `s d kdcl mo huadg rismurcis: spic`dk`sts dgn ixpirts `go`shirìs adgdbiaigt, `g kdws dgn ribukdt`mgs omr ruki-adl`gb, `g scìgtò`cdssissaigt dgn igomrciaigt `g thi drids mo qudk`ty cmgtrmk, `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni,




40

n`str`fut`mg dgn trdgspmrtdt`mg, dgn prmciss`gb dgn stmr`gb. ^hiri `s dksm d kdclmo icmgma`c dgdkysts.

^m dnnriss thisi kà`tdt`mgs, `gst`tut`mgs shmukn fi istdfk`shin omr prmoiss`mgdktrd`g`gb dgn inucdt`mg w`th ougndaigtdk dgn prdct`cdk cmri cmursis. ^hiri

shmukn dksm fi cmursis `g kidnirsh`p omr dndpt`vi chdgbi. Such `gst`tut`mgsshmukn dksm hdvi schmmks dàin dt thi wmrlirs kivik, w`th prdct`cdk trd`g`gb tminucdti sl`kkin wmrlirs mg o`sh`gb vissiks ds cdptd`g/o`sh`gb adstirs, dgnwmrlirs dt thi prmciss`gb odc`k`tìs dgn `gnustr`dk dqudcukturi pmgns.

6. ^hi pr`gc`pkis mo sustd`gdf`k`ty omr cdpturi o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi hdvi fiigdnnrissin `g dkk mo thi Smuthidst Ds`dg gdt`mgs. Hmwivir gmgi mo thi cmugtrìshdvi yit dnmptin iooict`vi adgdbiaigt aidsuris w`th spicò`c prmv`s`mgs:ivig amg`tmr`gb, survi`kkdgci, dgn igomrciaigt wiri widl. Amrimvir, scìgci-fdsin qumtds hdvi gmt fiig `gtrmnucin `g dgy mo thi cmugtrìs, dkthmubh thiàpmrtdgci mo r`bht-fdsin adgdbiaigt `s ricmbg`zin. Ixpirts `g ODM dgnSIDONIC, damgb mthirs, hdvi strissin thdt iooict`vi adgdbiaigt aidsuris

giin tm fi `gtrmnucin dgn àpkiaigtin. ^hi bmvirgaigts shmukn dnnriss dhmk`st`c gdt`mgdk pmk`cy tm igsuri thi sustd`gdf`k`ty mo fmth o`shirìs dgndqudcukturi mg scìgtò`c brmugns.

3. Ixpirìgci `g G``bdtd prioicturi w t̀h r`bht-fdsin o`shirìs adgdbiaigt cdg fiusin tm `gtrmnuci dgn àpkiaigt d sà`kdr pmk`cy `g Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtìs,whmsi o`shirìs dri k`liky tm risiafki thmsi mo Jdpdgisi rurdk drids whirio`shirs hdvi strmgb pmk`t`cdk pmwir. ^hisi sà`kdr`tìs w`kk fi d bmmn fds`s omr thi pkdgg`gb mo `gn`v`nudk trdgsoirdfki qumtds/`gn`v`nudk qumtds `g th`s rib`mg.^hi ixpirìgci `g G``bdtd cdg fi frmlig nmwg `gtm twm pdrts: thi bmvirgmr‐skidnirsh`p omr dndpt`vi chdgbi, dgn thi pkdgg`gb dgn àpkiaigtdt`mg mo r`bht-fdsin adgdbiaigt.

>. @g dnn`t`mg tm huadg rismurcis `gordstructuri omr o`shirìs dct`v`tìs `s dksmougndaigtdkky scdrci, gdaiky kdgn`gb kmcdt`mgs, pdvin striits omr trdgspmrtdt`mg, o`sh`gb vissiks, wdtir suppky, dgn ikictr`c`ty.

9. O`gdgc`dk dss`stdgci tm thi o`shirs, dqudcuktur`sts dgn o`shiry prmcissmrs drigmt dvd`kdfki orma moo`c`dk o`gdgc`dk `gst`tut`mgs, wh`ki pr`vdti drrdgbiaigts omr kmdgs cmai w`th n`sdnvdgtdbimus cmgn`t`mgs, dgn dri fiymgn thi cdpdc`ty mo thmsi whm `gtign tm amnirg`zi dgn `ggmvdti thi`r fus`giss. Sadkk scdki o`shirs,cmaaug`ty fdsin o`shirs, dqudcukturi odrairs, dgn prmcissmrs shmukn fi b`vigdg mppmrtug`ty tm kidrg trdgsoir mo tichgmkmby dgn `ggmvdt`mg omr fus`giss fymoo`c`dk nivikmpaigt dss`stdgci, ixtignin tm thia fy bmvirgaigts mr nivikmpaigt fdgls.

?. @gtirgdt`mgdk trdni `s mo prài àpmrtdgci omr o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi `g th`srib`mg. ^hiriomri, thi sdg`tdry dgn phytmsdg`tdry aidsuris such ds kà`t`gbithmxyqu`g ris`nuis, irdn`cdt`mg mr a`t`bdt`mg dgn kmgb-tira tridtaigt mo n`sidsis, dgn sustd`gdfki dqudcukturi dri hidvy chdkkigbis omr Smuthidst Ds`dg cmugtrìs. ^hi usi mo trdsh o`sh omr oiin`gb shmukn fi ixpkmrin dshidkthìr dgn sustd`gdfki nivikmpaigt mo cmdstdk o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturiprmbrissis.




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Suaadry mo Cmgstrd`gts dgn Urmfkias mo O`shirìs Umk`cìs `g SikictinCmugtrìs

Cmugtry Cmgstrd`gts dgn Urmfkias

@gnmgis`d Mviro`sh`gb `g fmth adr`gi dgn `gkdgn o`shiry wdtirs Ridl prdct`cdk o`shirìs adgdbiaigt, pdrt`cukdrky cmgcirg`gb

amg`tmr`gb, survi`kkdgci, dgn igomrciaigt Kdcl mo o`gdgc`dk suppmrt `g tiras mo crin`t.

^hd`kdgn ^hi O`shirìs Dct, daignin `g 4093 dgn 4089, `s thi pr`gc`pdk kib`skdt`vi`gstruaigt. Currigtky thiri `s d amt`mg omr d ourthir daignaigt omr str`ctrismurci-fdsin adgdbiaigt tm fi `gtrmnucin `g twm yidrs, fut `gnustrìsdri mppmsin. ‘Hidr`gb orma Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs fy Nr. Lmadtsu.‐

Uh`k`pp`gis ^hi Uh`k`pp`gis O`shirìs Cmni (Vipufk`c Dct 8995) wds dnmptin futthiri dri prmfkias mo mpig dcciss, mviro`sh`gb, dgn kdcl mo

adgdbiaigt @gdniqudcy mo tichg`cdk dgn huadg rismurci cdpdf`k`tìs, pdrt`cukdrky

damgb adgdbirs_ìt Gda ^hi `gvist`bdt`mg dgn dssissaigt mo dqudt`c rismurcis `s nmgi w`th

kmw ioo`cìgcy dgn àprmpir aithmns. Ndtd `s gmt strmgb igmubh omr adgdbiaigt dgn prmtict`mg mo rismurcis

Nisp`ti thi O`shirìs Kdw mo 6553, àpkiaigtdt`mg dgn cmgtrmk `s virynòo`cukt

Mvir-cdp`tdk`zdt`mg omr `gcrids`gb guafir mo vissiks N`sidsi cmgtrmk mo dqudcukturi `s gmt suoo`cìgt

Aydgadr Kdcl mo scìgtò`c ndtd dgn kib`skdt`mg tm suppmrt adgdbiaigt mo dqudt`c rismurcis

Mvirixpkm`tdt`mg mo adr`gi rismurcis: 4.59 a`kk`mg At (5–655A nipth)

virsus prmnuct`mg mo 6.3 a`kk`mg At (dkk mcidg) Nòo`cukty `g cmgtrmk dgn igomrciaigt Kdcl mo `gordstructuri omr dqudcukturi dgn prmciss`gb Kdcl mo huadg rismurcis: adgdbirs, ixpirts, scìgt`sts, dgn

igomrciaigt moo`cirsAdkdys`d Sustd`gdfki nivikmpaigt shmukn fi ri`gomrcin

Huadg rismurcis `g o`shirìs drids dri `gdniqudti

Smurci: Nutch @gst`tuti mo Icmgmay dgn Dbr`cukturi, ODM, SIDONIC, dgn Hidr`gb fy Nr. Lmadtsu mo thiBmvirgaigt mo ̂ hd`kdgn dgn thi Bmvirgaigt mo Aydgadr.

2. VICMAAIGND^@MGS

^hi liy pmk`cy àpk`cdt`mgs mg thi amst priss`gb `ssuis omr idch cmugtry dri:

4. ^hi sustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt mo fmth o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi thrmubh thiscìgci-fdsin omraukdt`mg mo gdt`mgdk pmk`cìs. @g mrnir tm nm sm, cdpdc`tyfu`kn`gb mo huadg rismurcis w`kk fi amst priss`gb omr thi Smuthidst Ds`dgcmugtrìs. ^hiri shmukn fi dg `gtirnipignigcy mo hdrnwdri dgn smotwdri tmdchìvi sustd`gdf`k`ty dgn omraukdti d hmk`st`c gdt`mgdk pmk`cy mg o`shirìs dgndqudcukturi.

6. m̂ istdfk`sh o`shirìs h`bh schmmks mr trd`g`gb cigtirs tm prmv`ni prdct`cdk sl`kks




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rikdtin tm o`sh`gb bidr, mcidgmbrdphy, prmciss`gb, qudk`ty cmgtrmk, dgn trdn`gbfus`giss omr thmsi whm ady sirvi ds wmrl`gb-kivik kidnirs.

3. ^m istdfk`sh cmkkibi/brdnudti schmmks tm prmv`ni prmoiss`mgdk kiviks mo inucdt`mg `g dnvdgcin adgdbiaigt, scìgci, dgn dna`g`strdt`mg tm qudkòy

thmsi thdt w`kk ficmai thi h`bh-kivik scìgt`sts, ixpirts, icmgma`sts, dgnbmvirgaigt moo`c`dks thdt sirvi `g thi outuri dt sig`mr kiviks.

>. ^hi fu`kn`gb dgn iqu`pp`gb mo thi `gst`tut`mgs/schmmks, igomrciaigt vissiks, dgnd`rcrdots shmukn fi prmv`nin `g thi omra mo MND fy nmgmr gdt`mgs `gckun`gbJdpdg.

^hi istdfk`shaigt mo dg `gst`tut`mg tm ixirc`si thi ougct`mgs mo risidrch dgnscìgtò`c dssissaigt mo stmcls tmbithir w`th prmv`n`gb inucdt`mg dgn trd`g`gbomr scìgt`sts. Ixpirts dgn dnv`smrs `g dnvdgcin gdt`mgs shmukn cmmpirdti tmprmv`ni thi`r ixpirt`si `g thi drids mo scìgtò`c dssissaigt, ndtd cmkkict`mg,amg`tmr`gb, dgn igomrciaigt.

9. Dss`stdgci `g cmkkdfmrdt`gb w`th thi `gtirgdt`mgdk mrbdg`zdt`mgs dgn thidnvdgcin bmvirgaigts tm dss`st thi Smuthidst Ds`dg bmvirgaigts tm omraukdtigdt`mgdk pmk`cy w`th nui dttigt`mg tm sustd`gdf`k`ty dgn ckàdti chdgbi.

?. ^m `gtrmnuci sdoi, hidkthy, dgn dccmugtdfki prmnucts omr fmth nmaist`ccmgsuapt`mg dgn `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni. ^hi `gtrmnuct`mg mo bu`nik`gis omr sdg`tdrydgn phytmsdg`tdry ribukdt`mg tm aiit cmgsuair stdgndrns `g thi adrlit gdt`mgs`s thi liy tm sustd`gdfki `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni. ^hi adrlit gdt`mgs shmuknhdramg`zi trdni dgn tdli sdg`tdry dgn phytmsdg`tdry aidsuris `gckun`gbkà`t`gb chia`cdk ris`nuis such ds ithmxyqu`g. ^hi adrlit gdt`mgs shmuknprmv`ni trdgspdrigt `gtirgdt`mgdk trdni pmk`cìs dgn prdct`ci bu`nik`gis.

2. Ixpmrt`gb gdt`mgs shmukn tdli thi dpprmpr`dti aidsuris tm ikuc`ndti thi cdusis

mo n`sidsis dgn tm irdn`cdti thia.8. @gtirgdt`mgdk spic`dk mrbdg`zdt`mgs shmukn cmmpirdti omr thi irdn`cdt`mg dgn

riainy mo n`sidsis mo o`shirìs prmnucts. DSIDG gdt`mgs giin tm cmmpirdtiw`th thi rikivdgt `gtirgdt`mgdk mrbdg`zdt`mgs dgn thi cmapitigt dbigcìs tm`g`t`dti bkmfdk rivìws mo thi cdusis dgn tridtaigt tm igdfki thi piradgigt dgnsustd`gdfki usi mo thi dqudcukturi pmgns.

0. ^hi `gordstructuri `s mo v`tdk àpmrtdgci omr thi mrnirky nivikmpaigt mo o`shirìs,dqudcukturi, dgn o`shiry prmciss`gb `gnustrìs. Such `gordstructuri ady `gckuni,damgb mthirs, kdgn`gb odc`k`ty, stmrdbi, pdvin trdgspmrtdt`mg rmdns, wdtir suppky,skinbis, dgn ikictr`c`ty ds wikk ds thi iqu`paigt dgn adtir`dk omr thicmgstruct`mg mo pkdgts, oriizirs, rior`birdtmrs dgn pdcl`gb adch`giry.

45. @gtrmnuct`mg mo thi cmkn chd`g `s mo v`tdk giciss`ty. Such d cmkn chd`g shmukn`gckuni o`sh`gb fmdts, trdgspmrtdt`mg fmdts, dgn kdgn`gb s`tis ds wikk ds thin`str`fut`mg trdcls, stmr`gb oriizirs dgn pdcl`gb odc`k`tìs. ^hi cmkn chd`g shmukncmggict thi kdgn`gb s`ti dgn pdcl`gb odc`k`tìs/ixpmrtir tm thi d`r/o`sh`gb pmrts^hi d`rpmrts aust hdvi stmrdbi odc`k`tìs tm liip prmnuci pr`mr tm nipdrturi.

44. S`gci thiri `s d kdcl mo dvd`kdfki dgn rik`dfki ougn`gb tm rigmvdti vissiks dgn tmixpdgn thi sidommn fus`giss tm aiit thi riqu`riaigts mo thi `gtirgdt`mgdk dgnnmaist`c cmgsuairs, ougn`gb shmukn fi adni dvd`kdfki dt d kmw `gtirist rdtidgn omr kmgbir tiras. ^m odc`k`tdti thi cridt`mg dgn istdfk`shaigt mo such kmdgs,ougns shmukn fi prmv`nin fy i`thir bmvirgaigts mr `gtirgdt`mgdk nivikmpaigtfdgls such thi DNF. Ougn`gb fmnìs shmukn fi igcmurdbin tm prmv`ni

`gomradt`mg siil`gb dgn shdr`gb sia`gdrs mr tm dss`st thmsi mrbdg`zdt`mgs such




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ds SIONIC tm mrbdg`zi thia ribukdrky mg sustd`gdfki o`shirìs, dqudcukturi,dgn trdni. ^hiri shmukn dksm fi ribukdr rivìws dgn upndtis mo `gomradt`mg mgadrlit cmugtry pmk`cìs dgn adrlit trigns `g thi IY, Jdpdg dgn thi YS. ^h`sady odc`k`tdti thi dpprmpr`dti fus`giss nic`s`mgs mo ixpmrt cmapdgìs.

46. Ourthir spic`dk stuny shmukn fi igcmurdbin tm omkkmw up th`s currigt stuny.^hmsi drids mo thi stuny shmukn `gckuni: thi àpmrtdgci dgn cmgtr`fut`mg mo thiwmrlomrci mo thi o`shirìs tm thi gdt`mgdk icmgmay dgn iapkmyaigtmppmrtug`tìs< thi adbg`tuni mo thi sidommn `gnustry sictmrs `gckun`gb o`shirìs,prmcissmrs, whmkisdkirs, a`nnkiaig, ritd`kirs, dgn ristdurdgts, damgb mthirs,`g thi rispict`vi gdt`mgs< dgn ckmsi dgn nitd`kin ixda`gdt`mg mo gdt`mgdkkib`skdt`mg ribdrn`gb o`shirìs dgn dqudcukturi w`th d vìws tm thi prmv`s`mg mo sustd`gdfki adgdbiaigt. Udcò`c `skdgns gdt`mgs giin spic`dk stuny tmm.

8. DCLGMRKINBIAIG^S

^hi duthmr `s viry thdglouk tm thmsi whm hdvi cmgtr`futin vdkudfki `gput tm th`s spic`dkstuny dgn dksm thmsi whm rivìwin thi nrdot dgn prmv`nin cmgstruct`vi cmaaigts.Spic`dk brdt`tuni bmis tm thi stdoo mo DNF@. Spic`dk dppric`dt`mg bmis tm Nidg Nr.Adsdh`rm Ldwd` dgn _`ci Nidg Nr. Udrl, Nr. Bigish R`bgdrdjd, Nr. A`gqudg Kù, Nr. Dgfuamzh` _igldtdchdkda, dgn Nr. Pmth`g J`gjdrdl. Spic`dk thdgls tm SIDONIC, `gpdrt`cukdr tm Nr. Smafmmg S`r`rdlsmphmg dgn Ar. H`nigdm Rdtdgdfi, Ars. Adk`giiSa`thr`thii, thi Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs mo thi Vmydk Bmvirgaigt mo ^hd`kdgn, dgn Nr.Htug R`g mo thi Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs mo thi A`g`stry mo K`vistmcl dgn O`shirìs mo thi Yg`mg mo Aydgadr. ^hdgls tm thmsi thdt dss`stin ai tm drrdgbi thi aiit`gb v`s`t,`gckun`gb Ar. Ouldyd dgn Ar. Aurmtd mo A`tsu` Cmrpmrdt`mg, Uris`nigt Ar. Hdydad, Ar.Ouluamtm dgn Ar. Gdldyda, thi G`ch`ri` Orish Cmapdgy, ^dldadsd Cmrpmrdt`mg, dgnAr. Suzul` mo Mldyd-Lmul` `g Aydgadr.

@ da viry auch thdglouk tm Ar. A`l`m Guadtd, dafdssdnmr mo Jdpdg tm thi Yg`mg mo Aydgadr, J@CD dgn thi O`shirìs Dbigcy mo thi Bmvirgaigt mo Jdpdg, G`ssu` dgnAdruhd-G`ch`rm Cmrpmrdt`mg. @ hdvi tm dksm ixpriss ay brdt`tuni tm Aydgadr McidgSidommn dgn Aydgadr Sidommn omr prmv`n`gb ai w`th usiouk `gomradt`mg. ^hdgls tm Nr.^mymlm Mch` dgn Ars ^mamlm ^suldnd omr nmcuaigtdt`mg, dgn tm Nr. Gdml` Gdldzdwdwhm dccmapdgìn ai tm ^hd`kdgn dgn Aydgadr dgn prmv`nin hikpouk bu`ndgci dgndnv`ci. Kdstky @ thdgl niipky thi DNF@ omr adl`gb th`s spic`dk stuny prmjict pmss`fki.




VIOIVIGCIS

Bmvirgaigt mo ^hd`kdgn, Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs dgn Cmmpirdt`vis. ^hd`kdgn‐s Bmmn Dqudcukturi Urdct`ci (BDU) (^DS 2>54-6550) omr Shràp Odra`gb Fdsin mgODM bu`nik`gis mg Dqudcukturi Cirtò`cdt`mg.

SIDONIC Sicritdr`dt. 6546. Dggudk Vipmrt .

Bmvirgaigt mo thi Vipufk`c mo thi Yg`mg mo Aydgadr, A`g` stry mo K`vistmcl dgnO`shirìs. 6546. O`shiry Stdt`st`cs. Gmviafir 4.

Bmvirgaigt mo thi Vipufk`c mo thi Yg`mg mo Aydgadr, A`g`stry mo K`vistmcl dgnO`shirìs, Nipdrtaigt mo O`shirìs. 6545-6544< 6544-6546. Stdt`st`cs mo Ixpmrtin O`sh dgn O`shiry Urmnucts.

Cmap`kin omr CF@ fy KI@ Rdbig`gbig YV. 6546. ^hi _ìtgdaisi Sidommn Sictmr: d_dkui Chd`g Dgdkys`s.

Cmap`kin omr CF@ fy KI@ Rdbig`gbig YV. 6546. ^hi @gnmgis`dg Sidommn Sictmr: d_dkui Chd`g Dgdkys`s.

Cmap`kin omr CF@ fy KI@, Udrt mo Rdbig`gbig YV. 6556. ^hi Uh`k`pp`gi Sidommn Sictmr: d _dkui Chd`g Dgdkys`s.

SIDONIC Sicritdr`dt. 6543. Vib`mgdk Cmmpirdt`mg mg Sustd`gdfki ûgd O`shirìsAdgdbiaigt `g thi Smuthidst Ds`dg Rdtirs. 4-9 Dpr`k.

Udgnbsmrg, Kdmgb-Adgii, dgn S`r`rdlsmphmg. ^rign mo SYV@A@ Vdw Adtir`dks `gSmuthidst Ds`d.

SIDONIC Sicritdr`dt. 6546. O`shiry Stdt`st`cdk Fukkit`g. Jugi.

ODM. 6546. ^hi Stdti mo Rmrkn O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi. Vmai.ODM, Ds`d-Udcò`c Cmaa`ss`mg. Ds`dg O`shirìs ^mndy: thi Urmnuct`mg dgn Ysi mo Kmw

_dkui/^rdsh O`sh omra Adr`gi O`shirìs `g thi Ds`d-Udcò`c Vib`mg.

SIDONIC Sicritdr`dt. 6546. ^hi Smuthidst Ds`d Stdti mo O`shirìs dgn Dqudcukturi.

A. Dugb-^hw`g dgn A. Dugb-^hw`g Vidlt`mg. 6546. D H`stmry mo Aydgadr s`gcidgcìgt tàis. ^rdn`t`mg dgn ^rdgsomradt`mg Fmmls.

special study on sustainable fisheries management and international trade in the southeast asia and...

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