Special DietsGoal 7.03: Investigate special dietary

needs.

Diet Related Diseases

Heart Disease• caused by high blood pressure, high

cholesterol, obesity

• Cut out salt(sodium) to reduce risk of high blood pressure. Instead season foods with herbs and spices.

Diabetes• life-long condition in which the body

can not adequately control blood sugar levels• the body can not manage insulin

production or use• obesity and inactivity contribute to

the development

• in order to manage:*eat the right balance of food*insulin injections

• in order to prevent:*maintain a healthy weight*exercise regularly

Osteoporosis• weak/brittle bones• caused by/prevented by:–low calcium intake/eat a diet rich in

calcium–tobacco use/don’t use it!–eating disorder/eat healthy–sedentary lifestyle/EXERCISE!–excessive alcohol consumption/don’t

drink

Cancer• can be caused by a high fat diet(too

much red meat), highly processed foods, excessive salt• obesity increases your risk of cancer• Eating too much red meat and a lack of adequate fiber increases your risk of cancer.

• prevention:–a diet high in fiber and low in

saturated fats–whole foods–healthy weight–EXERCISE!–eat brightly colored fruits and

vegetables

Food Allergies• body’s immune system reacts to a

particular food substance (foreign invader)

• Symptoms- stomach pain, diarrhea, rashes, itching, swelling, nasal congestion, death

Common Allergies:• peanuts • shellfish• eggs• milk• wheat• soybeans

Intolerance• trouble digesting food or food

component• Symptoms:–diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain,

cramps, gas, abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, headache

• Common Intolerances:–lactose- milk sugar–artificial sweeteners–MSG (flavor and preservative)–sulfites (preservative)–gluten

Nutrition through Life’s Stages

Pregnancy• increase intake of minerals and vitamins• eat foods high in folic acid, fiber,

calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A • fruits, enriched grain products, dark

green vegetables

Infancy• iron fortified infant formula or breast

milk • 4-6 months- iron fortified rice cereal• baby food 6-8 months• 8-10 months finger foods (soft toast,

skinless fruit, cooked vegetables, cheese)• do not limit fat from whole foods

Childhood• nutrient dense foods• regular, consistent meal patterns• Do not limit fat from whole foods.• Avoid high fat and sugary foods.• milk, juice, yogurt, fruits, vegetables,

unsweetened cereal, whole grain crackers, meat, poultry, fish

Adolescence• 2nd most rapid growth period in life• nutrient dense foods• iron and calcium needed to build

bones and muscles• follow body cues- hunger and height

gain

Adulthood• same nutrients but fewer calories• healthy, low-calorie whole foods

Older Adulthood• body uses calcium, vitamins D and B12

less effectively (need more in daily diet)• need more liquid intake

Calories• energy in foods

Sports Diet• Eat an easily digestible meal 3-4 hours

before a game.• Eat a meal consisting of complex

carbohydrates (pasta, breads, fruits and vegetables) and very little protein (meat).• Eat a small snack 30 min before a game

(granola bar, banana, graham crackers, fig bars, pretzels).

• To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of water 6-12 oz 1 hour before a game.• can lose up to 5 quarts of water through

perspiration• hydrate after exercise- 3 c. for every pound

lost • post game meal- eat carbohydrates and

proteins (4:1 ratio)

Supplement Use• Supplements should not take the

place of healthy eating.• Excessive amounts of vitamins and

minerals can cause heart problems.• If it sounds too good to be true- IT

IS!!!!!