spec pro centeno

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(Additional Notes from SLU Review Notes)SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OFDECEASED PERSONS

RULE 73

VENUE AND PROCESS

Sec. . !"ere estate of t"e deceased #ersonsettled.

$f t"e decedent was a resident of t"eP"ili##ines at t"e time of "is deat"w"et"er a citi%en or an alien& t"e R'Cor 'C& as t"e case ma *e& of t"e#rovince in w"ere "e resides at t"etime of "is deat"$f t"e decedent was not a resident of

t"e P"ili##ines at t"e time of "is deat" in t"eR'C or 'C of an #rovince w"ere "e "as "is

estate.

• '"e R'C or 'C is actin+ as a #ro*ate

co,rt& t"erefore it is a co,rt of limited -,risdictiont"at it can onl decide onmatters w"ic" are #ro#er& matters t"atare alien to said #roceedin+s cannot *edecided ,#on.

• E/ce#tions0 1,estion on owners"i#

ma #ro#erl *e decided ,#on * t"e#ro*ate co,rt if t"e con2ictin+claimants as owners are all "eirs of t"e

decedent and t"e all a+ree to s,*mitt"e 3,estion of owners"i# fordetermination * t"e #ro*ate co,rt

• D,rin+ t"e #rocess of inventor of t"e

#ro#ert of t"e estate of t"e decedent&in order to determine w"et"er or notcertain

#ro#erties s"o,ld *e incl,ded in s,c"

inventor& as *elon+in+ to t"e decedent4s

estate& t"e #ro*ate co,rt ma decide

#rima facie t"e owners"i# of said

#ro#erties.

RULE 74SUAR5 SE''LEEN' O6 ES'A'ES

!"at are t"e re3,isites in E/tra-,dicialSettlement * a+reement *etween "eirs7

a Decedent left no will and no de*ts

* 8eirs are all of a+e& or t"e minors arere#resented * t"eir -,dicial or le+are#resentatives d,l a,t"ori%ed

c A #,*lic instr,ment m,st *e 9led wit"t"e O:ce of t"e Re+ister of Deeds

d $f t"ere is onl one "eir& "e maad-,dicate to "imself t"e entire estate

* means of an a:davit 9led in t"eO:ce of t"e Re+ister of Deeds

e A *ond m,st *e #osted wit" t"eRe+ister of Deeds in an amo,nte3,ivalent to t"e val,e of t"e #ersona#ro#ert

• '"e decedent is #res,med to "ave

left no de*ts if no creditor 9les a#etition for letters of administrationwit"in ; ears after t"e deat" oft"e decedent..

$n S,mmar Settlement of estates of smal

val,e w"at are t"e re3,isites7a


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Rule 75PRODUCTION OF WILL. ALLOWANCE OF

WILL NECESSARY

1 0 !"en s"all a will #ass #ersonal or real

#ro#erties to t"e "eirs7A 0 A will s"all #ass eit"er real or #ersonal

#ro#erties to t"e "eirs w"en it s"all"ave *een #roved and allowed inco,rt& since t"e R,les of co,rt #rovidet"at no will s"all #ass eit"er real or#ersonal estate ,nless it is #roved andallowed in t"e #ro#er co,rt. (Sec. ).Even if onl one "eir "as *eeninstit,ted in t"e will& t"ere m,st still *et"e -,dicial order of ad-,dication.(Lo#e% vs. now of t"edeat" of t"e testator7

A 0 '"e #erson w"o "as c,stod of a wils"all& wit"in ;= das after "e >nows oft"e deat" of t"e testator& deliver t"ewill to t"e co,rt "avin+ -,risdiction& or

to t"e e/ec,tor named in t"e will. (Sec;).

1 0 !"at s"o,ld t"e e/ec,tor named int"e will do ,#on "is >nowled+e of t"edeat" of t"e testator or ,#on>nowled+e of "is "avin+ *een namedas e/ec,tor7

A 0 8e s"all& wit"in ;= das from o*tainin+>nowled+e of t"e deat" of t"e testatoror of "is "avin+ *een named ase/ec,tor& #resent t"e will to t"e co,rt

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"avin+ -,risdiction& ,nless it "asreac"ed t"e co,rt in an ot"ermanner& and s"all& wit"in s,c" #eriod&si+nif to t"e co,rt in writin+ "isacce#tance of t"e tr,st or "is ref,salto acce#t it. (Sec.?).

1 0 $f t"e c,stodian or e/ec,tor of a willfails to s,*mit t"e will& w"at ma t"eco,rt do7

A 0 $f t"e ne+lect or fail,re to #rod,ce t"ewill is wit"o,t satisfactor e/c,se& t"eco,rt ma 9ne "im in t"e amo,nt note/ceedin+ P ;&===.==. (Sec. )

1 0 An order of t"e co,rt for t"e c,stodianof t"e will of K was iss,ed for t"e#rod,ction of t"e will in co,rt& *,t "ene+lected to do it. !"at ma t"e co,rtdo to "im7

A 0 A #erson "avin+ c,stod of a will aftert"e deat" of t"e testator w"o ne+lectswit"o,t reasona*le ca,se to delivert"e same& w"en ordered to do so tot"e co,rt "avin+ -,risdiction& ma *ecommitted to #rison and t"ere >e#t,ntil "e delivers t"e will. (Sec. H).

1 0 A& and C are t"e "eirs of K instit,tedin "is will. After "is deat"& t"e enteredinto an e/tra-,dicial settlement of KMsestate wit"o,t t"e will "avin+ *een#ro*ated. $s t"eir action #ro#er7 !"7

A 0 No& t"e s"all "ave *ro,+"t t"e will tot"e co,rt 9rst and "ave it #ro*ated&*eca,se no will s"all #ass eit"er real or#ersonal #ro#ert ,nless it is #rovedand allowed in t"e #ro#er co,rt.

1 0 K e/ec,ted a will instit,tin+ "is "eirs.Can t"e "eirs "ave an e/tra-,dicialsettlement of KMs estate7

A 0 5es& *,t t"e m,st 9rst s,*mit t"e willfor #ro*ate. $f admitted& t"e candivide t"e estate accordin+ to its termsw"ic" cannot *e varied. '"e r,le is so

*eca,se #ro*ate of a will iscom#,lsor. (nown to t"e#etitioner

a '"e -,risdictional factsG

* '"e names& a+es& and residence oft"e "eirs& le+atees& and devisees of

t"e testator or decedentG

(c) '"e #ro*a*le val,e and c"aracterof t"e #ro#ert of t"e estateG

c '"e name of t"e #erson for w"omletters are #raedG

d $f t"e will "as not *een delivered tot"e co,rt& t"e name of t"e #erson"avin+ c,stod of it.

,t no defect in t"e #etition s"al

render void t"e allowance of t"e willor t"e iss,ance of letters testamentaror of administration wit" t"e wilanne/ed.

1 0 !"at are t"e -,risdictional factsre3,ired to *e alle+ed in t"e #etitionfor #ro*ate7

A 0 '"e are0

'"at a #erson died leavin+ a willG

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; $n t"e case of a resident& t"at "edied in "is residence wit"in t"eterritorial -,risdiction of t"e co,rt&or in t"e case of a nonresident&t"at "e left an estate wit"in s,c"territorial -,risdiction (C,enco vs.CA& L;;&; Oct. ?)G

? '"at t"e will "as *een delivered tot"e co,rt (Sala%ar vs. C6$ of La+,na& P"il. @H).

1 0 After 9lin+ of a #etition for #ro*ate of awill& w"at s"all t"e co,rt do7

A 0 $t s"all 9/ a time and #lace for #rovin+t"e will w"ere all concerned s"alla##ear to contest t"e allowancet"ereof& and s"all ca,se notice of s,c"time and #lace to *e #,*lis"ed t"ree

(?) wee>s s,ccessivel& in a news#a#erof +eneral circ,lation in t"e #rovince.(Sec.?). '"e "eirs& devisees& le+ateesand e/ec,tors s"all also *e noti9ed att"eir #laces of residence and de#ositedin t"e #ost o:ce at least ;= das*efore t"e "earin+. $t s"all also *emailed to t"e e/ec,tor if "e is not t"e#etitioner. Personal service at least =das *efore t"e da of "earin+ ise3,ivalent to mailin+ (Sec. ).

'"e #ersonal service of notice ,#ont"e "eirs is a matter of #roced,ralconvenience and not a -,risdictionalre3,isite. ($n re estate of Bo"nson& ?P"il. HG $n re testate estate of S,nta& H P"il. H==G A*,t vs. a*,t& L;?& ? a ;) 8owever&individ,al notice is necessar if t"e"eirs& le+atees or devisees are >nownand s,c" re3,irement cannot *esatis9ed * mere #,*lication. (DeAran% vs. nows t"e "andwritin+and si+nat,re of t"e testator e/#licitldeclares t"at t"e will and t"e si+nat,reare in t"e "andwritin+ of t"e testator$n t"e a*sence of an s,c" com#etentwitness& and if t"e co,rt deems inecessar& e/#ert testimonies ma *eresorted to. (Sec. H)

1 0 State t"e manner of #rod,cin+ t"ewitnesses in case t"e #ro*ate of anotarial will is contested.

A 0 $f a notarial will is contested& all t"e

s,*scri*in+ witnesses& and t"e notarif #resent in t"e P"ili##ines and noinsane& m,st *e #rod,ced ande/amined& and t"e deat"& a*sence& orinsanit of an of t"em m,st *esatisfactoril s"own to t"e co,rt. $f alor some of t"e witnesses are in t"eP"ili##ines *,t o,tside t"e #rovincew"ere t"e will "as *een 9led& t"eirde#osition m,st *e ta>en. $f an or alof t"em testif a+ainst t"e d,ee/ec,tion of t"e will& or do noremem*er "avin+ attested to it& or are

ot"erwise of do,*tf,l credi*ilit& t"ewill ma nevert"eless& *e allowed it"e co,rt is satis9ed from t"etestimon of ot"er witnesses and fromall t"e evidence #resented t"at t"e wilwas e/ec,ted and attested in t"emanner re3,ired * law. (Sec. ) $nt"e case of a contested notarial will& itis t"e d,t of t"e #etitioner to #rod,ceall t"e availa*le attestin+ witnessesand t"e notar #,*lic *,t "e is notconcl,ded * t"e testimon of said

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witnesses even if adverse as t"e co,rtma still admit t"e will to #ro*ate ont"e *asis of ot"er satisfactorevidence. (6ernande% vs. 'antoco& @P"il. ?@=)

1 0 State t"e manner of #rovin+ a

"olo+ra#"ic will if it is contested.A 0 $f a "olo+ra#"ic will is contested& t"e

same s"all *e allowed if at least t"ree(?) witnesses w"o >now t"e"andwritin+ of t"e testator e/#licitldeclare t"at t"e will and t"e si+nat,reare in t"e "andwritin+ of t"e testatorGin t"e a*sence of an com#etentwitnesses& and if t"e co,rt deems itnecessar& e/#ert testimon ma *eresorted to. (Sec. ) $n t"e case of a"olo+ra#"ic will& it is not mandatort"at witnesses *e 9rst #resented

*efore e/#ert testimon ma *eresorted to& ,nli>e notarial willsw"erein t"e attestin+ witnesses m,st9rst *e #resented or acco,nted for.(A%aola vs. Sin+son& = P"il. =;)

1 0 efore a last will ma *e #roved as lostor destroed& state t"e re3,irementst"at m,st *e com#lied wit".

A 0 No will s"all *e #roved as lost ordestroed will ,nless t"e e/ec,tionand validit of t"e same *eesta*lis"ed& and t"e will is #roved to

"ave *een in e/istence at t"e time of t"e deat" of t"e testator& or is s"ownto "ave *een fra,d,lentl oraccidentall destroed in t"e lifetimeof t"e testator wit"o,t "is >nowled+e&nor ,nless its #rovisions are clearland distinctl #roved * at least two(;) credi*le witnesses. !"en a lost willis #roved& t"e #rovisions t"ereof m,st*e distinctl stated and certi9ed * t"e

-,d+e& ,nder t"e seal of t"e co,rt& andt"e certi9cate m,st *e 9led andrecorded as ot"er wills are 9led and

recorded. (Sec. ).

1 0 State t"e #roced,re in t"e #ro*ate of awill if t"e witnesses do not reside int"e #rovince w"ere #ro*ate is *ein+done.

A 0 $f it a##ears at t"e time 9/ed for t"e"earin+ t"at none of t"e s,*scri*in+witnesses resides in t"e #rovince& *,tt"at t"e de#osition of one or more of t"em can *e ta>en elsew"ere& t"eco,rt ma& on motion& direct it to *e

ta>en& and ma a,t"ori%e a#"oto+ra#"ic co# of t"e will to *emade and to *e #resented to t"ewitness of "is e/amination& w"o ma*e as>ed t"e same 3,estions wit"res#ect to it& and to t"e "andwritin+ oft"e testator and ot"ers& as wo,ld *e

#ertinent and com#etent if t"e ori+inawill were #resent. (Sec. ).

1 0 State t"e #roced,re in t"e #ro*ate of awill if t"e witnesses are dead or insaneor do not reside in t"e P"ili##ines.

A 0 $f it a##ears at t"e time 9/ed for t"e"earin+ t"at t"e s,*scri*in+ witnessesare dead or insane& or t"at none ot"em resides in t"e P"ili##ines& t"eco,rt ma admit t"e testimon oot"er witnesses to #rove t"e sanit ot"e testator& and t"e d,e e/ec,tion of

t"e willG and as evidence of t"ee/ec,tion of t"e will& it ma admit#roof of t"e "andwritin+ of t"e testatoand of t"e s,*scri*in+ witnesses& or ofan of t"em.(Sec. @).

1 0 State t"e +ro,nds for t"e disallowanceof a will.

A 0 '"e will s"all *e disallowed in an ot"e followin+ cases0a $f not e/ec,ted and attested as

re3,ired * lawG* $f t"e testator was insane& or

ot"erwise mentall inca#a*le toma>e a will& at t"e time of itse/ec,tionG

c $f it was e/ec,ted ,nder d,ress& ort"e in2,ence of fear& or t"reatsG

d $f it was #roc,red * ,nd,e andim#ro#er #ress,re and in2,enceon t"e #art of t"e *ene9ciar& or ofsome ot"er #erson for "is *ene9tG

e $f t"e si+nat,re of t"e testator was#roc,red * fra,d or tric>& and "edid not intend t"at t"e instr,ments"o,ld *e "is will at t"e time of

9/in+ "is si+nat,re t"ereto.(Sec.).

1 0 !"at s"o,ld a #erson contestin+ t"eallowance of a will do7A 0 Anone a##earin+ to contest t"e wil

m,st state in writin+ t"e +ro,nds foro##osin+ its allowance& and serve aco# t"ereof on t"e #etitioner andot"er #arties interested in t"e estate(Sec. =)

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1 0 !"at #roof is necessar if t"e testator"imself 9les t"e #etition for #ro*ate7

A 0 !"ere t"e testator "imself #etitionsfor t"e #ro*ate of "is "olo+ra#"ic willand no contest is 9led& t"e fact t"at "ea:rms t"at t"e "olo+ra#"ic will andt"e si+nat,re are in "is own

"andwritin+& s"all *e s,:cientevidence of t"e +en,ineness and d,ee/ec,tion t"ereof. $f t"e "olo+ra#"icwill is contested& t"e *,rden of dis#rovin+ t"e +en,ineness and d,ee/ec,tion t"ereof s"all *e on t"econtestant. '"e testator ma& in "ist,rn& #resent s,c" additional #roof asma *e necessar to re*,t t"eevidence of t"e contestant.(Sec. ;).

1 0 !"at s"all *e done if t"e will is#roved7

A 0 $f t"e co,rt is satis9ed& ,#on #roof ta>en and 9led& t"at t"e will was d,le/ec,ted& and t"at t"e testator at t"etime of its e/ec,tion was of so,nd anddis#osin+ mind& and not actin+ ,nderd,ress& menace& and ,nd,e in2,ence&or fra,d& a certi9cate of its allowance&si+ned * t"e -,d+e and attested *t"e seal of t"e co,rt s"all *e attac"edto t"e will and certi9cate 9led andrecorded * t"e cler>. Attested co#iesof t"e will devisin+ real estate and of certi9cate of allowance t"ereof& s"all

*e recorded in t"e re+ister of deeds of t"e #rovince in w"ic" t"e lands lie.(Sec.?).

Rule 77ALLOWANCE OF WILL PROVED OUTSIDEOF PHILIPPINES AND ADMINISTRATION

OF ESTATE THEREUNDER

1. a a will #roved in a forei+n co,ntr*e allowed and 9led in t"e P"ili##ines7

A. 5es wills #roved and allowed in aforei+n co,ntr& accordin+ to t"e lawsof s,c" co,ntr& ma *e allowed& 9led&and recorded * t"e #ro#er 'C or R'Cin t"e P"ili##ines.

1. !"at s"all t"e co,rt do ,#on t"e 9lin+of a #etition for allowance of a willallowed o,tside of t"e P"ili##ines7

A. '"e co,rt s"all 9/ t"e time and #lacefor t"e "earin+& and ca,se notice

t"ereof to *e +iven as in t"e case of anori+inal will #resented for allowance(Sec.?).

1. !"at m,st *e #roven in t"e re#ro*ateof a will in t"e P"ili##ines7

A. '"e followin+ m,st *e #roven0

'"at t"e testator was domiciled int"e forei+n co,ntrG

; '"at t"e will "as *een admitted to#ro*ate in s,c" co,ntrG

? '"at t"e forei+n co,rt was& ,ndet"e laws of said forei+n co,ntr& a#ro*ate co,rt wit" -,risdiction ovet"e #roceedin+sG

'"e law on #ro*ate #roced,re insaid forei+n co,ntr and #roof ocom#liance t"erewit"G and&

H '"e le+al re3,irements in saidforei+n co,ntr for t"e valid

e/ec,tion of t"e will. ('estate oS,nta& H P"il H==)

1 !"at is t"e eFect if a will allowed in aforei+n co,ntr is allowed in t"eP"ili##ines7

A. $f it a##ears at t"e "earin+ t"at t"e wils"o,ld *e allowed in t"e P"ili##inest"e co,rt s"all so allow it& andcerti9cate of its allowance& si+ned *t"e -,d+e& and attested * t"e seal oft"e co,rt& to w"ic" s"all *e attac"ed a

co# of t"e will& s"all *e 9led andrecorded * t"e cler>& and t"e will s"al"ave t"e same eFect as if ori+inall#roved and allowed in s,c" co,rt. (Sec?)

1 !"at s"all *e done after a will allowedin a forei+n co,ntr s"all "ave *eenallowed in t"e P"ili##ines7

A. !"en a will is t",s allowed& t"e co,rts"all +rant letters testamentar& oletters of administration wit" t"e wil

anne/ed& and s,c" letterstestamentar or of administrations"all e/tend to all t"e estate of t"etestator in t"e P"ili##ines. S,c" estateafter t"e #ament of -,st de*ts ande/#enses of administration& s"all *edis#osed of accordin+ to s,c" will& sofar as s,c" will ma o#erate ,#on itGand t"e resid,e& if an s"all *edis#osed of as is #rovided * law incases of estates in t"e P"ili##ines*elon+in+ to #ersons w"o are

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in"a*itants of anot"er state or co,ntr.(Sec. ).

RULE 3INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL PROVISION

FOR SUPPORT OF FAMILY Pro*lem0

O##ositorsa##ellants a##ealed fromt"e two orders of t"e #ro*ate co,rt *ot"dated Decem*er && one a##rovin+ t"eamended inventor of t"e decedent4s estate9led * t"e d,l a##ointed administratri/ andt"e ot"er directin+ t"e "eirs or #ersons in#ossession of certain #ro#erties of t"e estateto deliver t"em to t"e administratri/.O##ositorsa##ellants ar+,ed t"at t"e #ro*ate

co,rt lac>s -,risdiction to a##rove saidinventor 9led *eond t"e t"reemont" #eriodfrom t"e date of a##ointment of t"eadministratri/G t"at t"e eval,ation of t"einventoried #ro#erties were fa>e& 9ctitio,sand fantasticG t"at t"e inventor is nots,##orted * doc,mentar evidenceG t"at t"eadditionalG two "o,ses were none/istentG t"att"e settlement of t"e estate can *e mades,mmaril *eca,se of its small val,e and t"att"e ordinar civil action is necessar torecover t"e lands in #ossession of t"ird#ersons.!Se"#$l %. Se"#$l& 64 SCRA 35'

a $s t"e contention of t"e o##ositorstena*le& t"at t"e #ro*ate co,rt "asno -,risdiction considerin+ t"at t"einventor of t"e #ro#erties of t"edeceased was 9led *eond t"et"ree mont" #eriod as re3,ired,nder law7

* !" is t"ere a need for t"einventor7

c !"at is t"e nat,re of t"e incl,sionof a #ro#ert in t"e inventor7

d !"at articles are not incl,ded int"e inventor7

e !"o are entitled to allowancesfrom t"e estate7

Answers0

a '"e contention of t"e o##ositorsare devoid of merit.Ge(e)$l Rule* Section & R,le @?GInventory and appraisal to bereturned within three months.+!it"in t"ree (?) mont"s after "isa##ointment ever e/ec,tor or

administrator s"all ret,rn to t"eco,rt a tr,e inventor anda##raisal of all t"e real and#ersonal estate of t"e deceasedw"ic" "as come into "is#ossession or >nowled+e. $n t"ea##raisement of s,c" estate& t"e

co,rt ma order one or more of t"ein"eritance ta/ a##raisers to +ive"is or t"eir assistance.

E,-e/#0(* '"e t"ree mont"#eriod is not mandator. After t"e9lin+ of t"e #etition for t"eiss,ance of letters oadministration and t"e #,*licationof t"e notice of "earin+& t"e#ro*ate co,rt ac3,ires -,risdictionover a decedent4s estate andretains t"at -,risdiction ,ntil t"e

#roceedin+s is closed. '"at t"efact t"at an inventor was 9ledafter t"e t"reemont" #eriod wo,ldnot de#rive t"e #ro*ate co,rt o

-,risdiction to a##rove it8owever& an administrator4s,ne/#lained dela in 9lin+ t"einventor ma *e a +ro,nd for "isremoval. !Se"#$l %. Se"#$lSu)$'

" '"is is to aid t"e co,rt in revisin+t"e acco,nts and determinin+ t"e

lia*ilities of t"e e/ec,tor oadministrator and in ma>in+ a 9naand e3,ita*le distri*,tion of t"eestate& and ot"erwise facilitate t"edistri*,tion of t"e estate. !SuC0( #( %. C0ll. O I(/e)($Re%e(ue& 6 P#l. 483'.

c $t is not a com#etent #roof oowners"i#& *,t merel prima facieand is wit"o,t #re-,dice to t"eri+"t of interested #ersons to raiset"e 3,estion in #ro#er co,rt and in

t"e #ro#er #roceedin+.!G$)-#l$ %. M$)/#(& L+8233'

d Section ;& R,le @?& '"e wearin+a##arel of t"e s,rvivin+ ",s*and orwife and minor c"ildren& t"emarria+e *ed and *eddin+& ands,c" #rovisions and ot"er articlesas will necessaril *e cons,med int"e s,*sistence of t"e famil of t"edeceased& ,nder t"e direction ot"e co,rt& s"all not *e considered

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as assets& nor administered ass,c"& and s"all not *e incl,ded int"e inventor.

e Ge(e)$l Rule* Section ?& R,le @?& '"e widow and minor orinca#acitated c"ildren of a

deceased #erson& d,rin+ t"esettlement of t"e estate& s"allreceive t"erefrom& ,nder t"edirection of t"e co,rt& s,c"allowance as are #rovided * law.

E,-e/#0(* $t is settled t"atallowances for s,##ort ,nder t"issection s"o,ld not *e limited to t"eminor or inca#acitated c"ildrenof t"e deceased. Under Article @@of t"e Civil Code (Now Article ??of t"e 6amil Code) d,rin+ t"e

li3,idation of t"e con-,+al#artners"i#& t"e deceased4sle+itimate s#o,se and c"ildren&re+ardless of t"eir a+e& civil stat,sor +ainf,l em#loment are entitledto #rovisional s,##ort from t"ef,nds of t"e estate. '"e law isrooted on t"e fact t"at t"e ri+"tand d,t to s,##ort es#eciall t"eri+"t to ed,cation& s,*sist even*eond t"e a+e of ma-orit. !Ru#9%. CA& G). N0. ::67: ;$(u$)28& :886'

N0/e* '"e law clearl limits t"eallowance to widow and c"ildrenand does not e/tend to+randc"ildren of t"e deceased.($*id.)

Rule 4GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES OF

Eee# t"e estate ot"e decedent in "is #ossession7

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Answers0a Ge(e)$l )ule* P,rs,ant to Section

? of R,le @ of t"e Revised R,les of Co,rt& a -,dicial e/ec,tor or

administrator "as t"e ri+"t to t"e#ossession and mana+ement of t"e real as well as t"e #ersonalestate of t"e deceased so lon+ asit is necessar for t"e #ament of t"e de*ts and t"e e/#enses of administration. 8e ma& t"erefore&e/ercise acts of administrationwit"o,t s#ecial a,t"orit from t"eco,rt "avin+ -,risdiction of t"eestate. 6or instance& it "as lon+*een settled t"at an administrator"as t"e #ower to enter into lease

contracts involvin+ t"e #ro#ertiesof t"e estate even wit"o,t #rior

-,dicial a,t"orit and a##roval '",s& considerin+ t"at

administrator 6eli/ Leon+ was notre3,ired ,nder t"e law and#revailin+ -,ris#r,dence to see>#rior a,t"orit from t"e #ro*ateco,rt in order to validl lease real#ro#erties of t"e estate&res#ondent& as co,nsel of 6eli/Leon+& cannot *e ta>en to tas> forfailin+ to notif t"e #ro*ate co,rt of

t"e vario,s lease contractsinvolved "erein and to sec,re its

-,dicial a##roval t"ereto.!M$($(=u#l %. V#lle$>& Auu>/3& :88'

E,-e/#0(* virt,e of Article of t"e new Civil Code& t"e#ersons referred to in Article are #ro"i*ited from leasin+& eit"erin #erson or t"ro,+" t"e mediationof anot"er& t"e #ro#erties or t"in+smentioned in t"at article& to wit0

? E/ec,tors andadministrators& t"e#ro#ert of t"e estate,nder administrationG

H B,stices& -,d+es&#rosec,tin+ attornes&cler>s of s,#erior andinferior co,rts& and ot"ero:cers and em#loeesconnected wit" t"eadministration of -,stice&t"e #ro#ert or ri+"ts in

liti+ation or levied ,#on one/ec,tion *efore t"e co,rtwit"in w"ose -,risdiction oterritor t"e e/ercise t"eirres#ective f,nctionsG t"is#ro"i*ition incl,des t"e actof ac3,irin+ * assi+nment

and s"all a##l to lawerswit" res#ect to t"e #ro#ertand ri+"ts w"ic" ma *e t"eo*-ect of an liti+ation inw"ic" t"e ma ta>e #art *virt,e of t"eir #rofession.

'"e a*ove dis3,ali9cationim#osed on #,*lic and -,diciao:cers and lawers is+ro,nded on #,*lic #olicconsiderations w"ic" disallowt"e transactions entered into *t"em& w"et"er directl o

indirectl& in view of t"e9d,ciar relations"i# involvedor t"e #ec,liar control e/ercised* t"ese individ,als over t"e#ro#erties or ri+"ts covered

* . 'o "ave access to& ande/amine and ta>e co#ies of *oo>sand #a#ers relatin+ to t"e#artners"i# in case of a deceased#artner.;. 'o e/amine and ma>e invoicesof t"e #ro#ert *elon+in+ to t"e

#artners"i# in case of a deceased#artner.?. 'o ma>e im#rovements on t"e#ro#erties ,nder administrationwit" t"e necessar co,rt a##rovae/ce#t for necessary repairs.. 'o #ossess and mana+e t"eestate w"en necessar0

a. for t"e #ament ode*tsG and

*. for #ament of e/#ensesof

administration.

c) . cannot ac3,ire * #,rc"aseeven at #,*lic or -,dicial a,ctioneit"er in #erson or mediation oanot"er& t"e #ro#ert ,ndeadministrationG;. cannot *orrow mone wit"o,a,t"orit of t"e co,rtG

?. cannot s#ec,late wit" f,nds,nder administrationG. cannot lease t"e #ro#ert fomore t"an one earG

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H. cannot contin,e t"e *,siness of t"e deceased ,nless a,t"ori%ed *t"e co,rtG and. cannot #ro9t * t"e increase ordecrease in t"e val,e of t"e #ro#ert,nder administration

d IP? ?AILS CJi Pament of de*tsGii ?orrowin+ of moneGiii ?,in+ #ro#ertGiv All ot"er acts

constit,tin+ acts of owners"i# anddominionG

v Investments of #artof t"e estateG

vi Lease of #ro#ertw"ic" will create areal ri+"tG Iif more

than 6 years, thesame must beregisteredJ

vii Sale of #art of t"eestateG and

viii Contin,in+ *,sinessin w"ic" t"edeceased wasen+a+ed at t"e timeof "is deat"& as t"eadministrator canwind ,# onl t"e*,sinessIt"e latter

"e can do wit"o,tco,rt a,t"oritJ

e IJ A@#(#>/)$/#0(IaJ to "andle and mars"alall assets of t"e deceasedIV$>=ue9 %. P0)/$& 52 OG76:5JI*J to mana+e t"e estate

wisel and economicalland in a *,sinessli>emanner IT$"u(/#( %.S$(B0>e& L+:62&

Auu>/ 3& :855JIcJ 6or t"e #,r#ose of

mars"allin+ all assetsand #ro#ert of t"edeceased& "e ma *rin+s,c" action as "e madeem necessar ICu$T$( %. @e l$ R0>$& 57P#l. 4::J

I;J L#=u#@$/#0(

IaJ Determine assets and#ro#erties of t"e deceased IFl0)e> %. Fl0)e>&4 P#l. 82J

I*J Pa t"e de*ts odeceased Ii*id.J

I?J D#>/)#"u/#0(IaJ to distri*,te t"e net

estate amon+ t"e >nown"eirs& devisees& le+ateesand all ot"er #ersonsentitled t"ereto. ISe-:& Rule 8J

f An e/ec,tor or administrator s"almaintain in tenanta*le re#air t"e"o,ses and ot"er str,ct,res andfences *elon+in+ to t"e estate& anddeliver t"e same in s,c" re#air tot"e "eirs or devises w"en directedto do * t"e co,rt. (Sec.;)

+ An e/ec,tor or administrator s"al"ave t"e ri+"t to t"e #ossessionand mana+ement of t"e real aswell as t"e #ersonal estate of t"edeceased so lon+ as it is necessarfor t"e #ament of t"e de*ts ande/#enses of administration. (Sec.?

RULE 5ACCOUNT LIA?ILITY AND COMPENSTION

OF

Eewise9led "er o##osition to t"e motion #rain+ fo"er removal as administratri/ alle+in+ t"at"e dela in renderin+ said acco,ntin+ wasd,e to t"e fact t"at -,d+e Carlos S,ndiamw"o was t"e -,d+e w"ere t"e intestate#roceedin+ was assi+ned& "ad t"en *een#romoted to t"e CA ca,sin+ said sala to *evacated for a considera*le len+t" of timew"ile newla##ointed B,d+e Boel 'ion+co diedof cardiac arrest soon after "is a##ointment tosaid vacanc& so m,c" so t"at s"e did not

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>now to w"om to render an acco,ntin+ re#ort.!$l$ %. IAC& Se/e"e) 2& :882'

a $s t"e contention of #etitionertena*le7

* $s t"e e/ec,toradmintratoracco,nta*le to t"e w"ole estate of t"e deceased7

c !"en s"all t"e amo,nt #aid * t"ee/ec,tor or administrator for costs*e allowed in "is administrationcost7

d !ill t"e e/ec,toradministrator#ro9t * t"e increase or decreasein val,e of an #art of t"e estate of t"e deceased7

e !"en s"all ane/ec,toradministrator render anacco,ntin+ of "is administration7

Answers0

a '"e contention of #etitioner is nottena*le.Ge(e)$l Rule* Section @ of t"eR,le of t"e Revised R,les of Co,rt#rovides t"at0

Ever e/ec,tor or administrator s"allrender an acco,nt of "isadministration wit"in one ear fromt"e time of receivin+ letterstestamentar or of administration&,nless t"e co,rt ot"erwise directs*eca,se of e/tension of time for#resentin+ claims a+ainst& or #ain+

t"e de*ts of& t"e estate& or of dis#osin+ of t"e estateG and "e s"allrender f,rt"er acco,nts as t"e co,rtma re3,ire ,ntil t"e estate is w"ollsettled.

'"e renderin+ of an acco,ntin+ *an administrator of "is administrationwit"in one ear from "is a##ointmentis mandator& as s"own * t"e ,ses"all in said r,le.

E,-e/#0(* !"en t"e co,rtot"erwise directs *eca,se of

e/tensions of time for #resentin+claims a+ainst t"e state or of #rain+ t"e de*ts or dis#osin+ t"eassets of t"e estate.

6,rt"ermore& #etitioner4se/c,se t"at t"e sala w"ere t"eintestate #roceedin+ was #endin+was vacant most of t"e timedeserves scant consideration since#etitioner never attem#ted to 9lewit" said co,rt an acco,ntin+re#ort of "er administration des#ite

t"e fact t"at at one time oranot"er& B,d+e S,ndiam and B,d+e

'ion+co were #residin+ over saidsala d,rin+ t"eir inc,m*enc. Li>ewise& "er s,*se3,entcom#liance in renderin+ anacco,ntin+ re#ort did nor #,r+e "e

of "er ne+li+ence in not renderin+an acco,ntin+ for more t"an si/ears& w"ic" -,sti9es #etitioner4sremoval as administratri/ and t"ea##ointment of #rivate res#ondentin "er #lace as mandated *section ; of R,le @; of t"e R,les ofCo,rt.

* Ge(e)$l Rule* '"e e/ec,tor oadministrator is acco,nta*le for t"ew"ole of t"e estate of t"edeceased.

E,-e/#0(* 8e is not acco,nta*lefor #ro#erties w"ic" never came to"is #ossession.

E,-e/#0( /0 /e E,-e/#0(!"en t"ro,+" ,ntr,t"f,lness tot"e tr,st or "is own fa,lt or for lac>of necessar action& t"e e/ec,toor administrator failed to recove#art of t"e estate w"ic" came to"is >nowled+e.

c Ge(e)$l Rule* Costs c"ar+ed areallowed a+ainst an e/ec,tor oadministrator in actions *ro,+"tor #rosec,ted * or a+ainst "ims"o,ld *e #aid o,t of t"e deceased

E,-e/#0(* $f it a##ears t"at

t"e action or #roceedin+ in w"ic"t"e costs are ta/ed was#rosec,ted or resisted wit"o,t -,stca,se& and not in +ood fait".

d) Administrator or e/ec,tor s"alnot #ro9t * t"e increase of t"e estatenor *e lia*le for an decrease w"ic" t"eestate& wit"o,t "is fa,lt& mi+"t "aves,stained.

) !it"in one ear from t"e time oreceivin+ letters testamentar oletters of administration. (Sec @R,le @H);) 8e s"all render s,c" f,rt"eracco,ntin+ as t"e co,rt ma

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re3,ire ,ntil t"e estate is w"ollsettled. ($*id.)?) '"e co,rt ma e/amine "im,#on oat" wit" res#ect to evermatter relatin+ to an acco,ntrendered * "im and s"all soe/amine "im as t"e correctness of

"is acco,nt *efore t"e sameis allowed. (Sec. & R,le @H)

RULE 6CLAIMS AGAINST ESTATE

Problem:Antonio 'an#oco died in t"e ear ;=

and left a will dividin+ "is estate of overP?==&=== amon+ fo,r sons& one"alf of w"ic""e *e3,eat"ed to 'an Tim 8on+& t"e claimant&w"om "e descri*ed in "is will as "is le+itimateson& and t"e ot"er "alf "e left in e3,al s"ares

to "is t"ree ado#ted sons& 'an Timco& 'anTim*io and 'am Tim C"oo& and a##ointed ness of t"e decedent.

Claims for ta/es d,e and assessed

after t"e deat" of t"e decedent neednot *e #resented in t"e form of aclaim. '"e co,rt in t"e e/ercise of itsadministrative control over t"ee/ec,tor or administrator ma direct"e latter to #a s,c" ta/es. And t"e"eirs& even after distri*,tion are lia*lefor s,c" ta/es.

c Not more t"an ; mont"s nor lesst"an si/ mont"s after t"e date oft"e 9rst #,*lication of notice at"e discretion of t"e co,rt.(Sec. ;)

6ail,re to 9le t"e claim wit"insaid #eriod will *ar recover *creditor.Stat,te of Nonclaimss,#ersedes t"e Stat,te oLimitations insofar as t"e de*tsof deceased #ersons areconcerned. 8owever& *ot"

stat,te of NonClaims andStat,te of Limitations m,sconc,r in order for a creditor tocollect.

d ?ELATED CLAIMS are claims not9led wit"in t"e ori+inal #eriod9/ed * t"e co,rt. $t ma not *eentertained anmore after t"eorder of distri*,tion is enteredU#on t"e a##lication of a creditow"o "as failed to 9le its claim

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wit"in t"e time 9/ed& t"e co,rtma& for ca,se s"own and on s,c"terms as are e3,ita*le allow s,c"*elated claim to *e 9led wit"in atime NO' e/ceedin+ mont".

e CONTINGENT CLAIM0 ,ncertaint

of lia*ilitconditional claim or claimt"at can *e enforced ,#ont"e "a##enin+ of a f,t,re,ncertain event.

Alternative remed creditor w"o is *arred *t"e Stat,te Of NonClaimsma 9le a claim as aco,nterclaim in an s,it t"att"e e/ec,tor oradministrator ma *rin+

a+ainst t"e claimant.

f Claim s"o,ld *e 9led a+ainstdecedent as if "e were t"e onlde*tor wit"o,t #re-,dice on t"e

#art of t"e estate to recovercontri*,tion from t"e ot"er de*tor.

if o*li+ation is -oint t"e claimm,st *e con9ned to t"e #ortion*elon+in+ to t"e decedent.

+ REMEDIES OF THE CREDITOR0

A*andon sec,rit and#rosec,te "is claim a+ainst t"eestate and s"are in t"e same+eneral distri*,tion of t"e assesof t"e estate.

; 6oreclose * action in co,rtma>in+ e/ec,tor oradministrator a #art defendantand if t"ere is -,d+ment forde9cienc "e ma 9le a claima+ainst t"e estate.

? Rel solel on "is mort+a+e andforeclose t"e name at antime

wit"in t"e #eriod of t"e stat,teof limitations *,t "e cannot *eadmitted as creditor and s"allnot receive in t"e distri*,tion of t"e ot"er assets of t"e estateG

'"ese remedies arealternative t"e availmentof one *ars t"e availmentof ot"er remedies.

" B,d+ment a+ainst e/ec,tor andadministrator s"all not create an lien

,#on t"e #ro#ert of t"e estate or doesnot constit,te a s#eci9c lien w"ic" ma*e re+istered on s,c" #ro#ert.

B,d+ment of a #ro*ate co,rta##rovin+ or disa##rovin+ a claim isa##eala*le.

NOTE* t"e mode of a##eal is record ona##eal and m,st *e 9led wit"in ?= das fromnotice of -,d+ment

RULE 7ACTIONS ?Y AND AGAINT Enown to "ave concealedem*e%%led or fra,d,lentlconveed t"e #ro#ert of t"edeceased7

f !"en ma t"e creditor *rin+action7

Answer:$ $t was "eld t"at t"e same co,ld not

*e maintained a+ainst t"e

administrator *eca,se it is not anaction to recover #ro#ert& nor toenforce a lien t"ereto. $t is not alsoan action to recover dama+es foan in-,r to #ersons or #ro#ert!Cl#$-0 %. S# U& N0%. 27&:867'

* An action to recover real o#ersonal #ro#ert& or an interest"erein& from t"e estate& or toenforce a lien t"ereon& and actions

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to recover dama+es for an in-,r to#erson or #ro#ert& real or#ersonal& ma *e commenceda+ainst t"e e/ec,tor oradministrator. ( Sec. & R,le @)

c 6or t"e recover or #rotection of

t"e #ro#ert or ri+"ts of t"edeceased& an e/ec,tor oradministrator ma *rin+ or defend&in t"e ri+"t of t"e deceased&actions for ca,ses w"ic" s,rvive.(Sec. ;)

d Ge(e)$l Rule* !"en an e/ec,toror administrator is a##ointed andass,mes t"e tr,st& no action torecover t"e title or #ossession of lands or for dama+es done to s,c"lands s"all *e maintained a+ainst

"im * an "eir or devisee ,ntilt"ere is an order of t"e co,rtassi+nin+ s,c" lands to s,c" "eirsor devisee or ,ntil t"e time allowedfor #ain+ de*ts "as e/#ired. (Sec.?)

E,-e/#0(* $n cases of Donee andReservee.

e . '"e #,r#ose of t"e e/aminationas #rovided in Section & R,le@& isto elicit information or sec,re

evidence from t"e #ersona S,s#ected of "avin+ #ossession

or >nowled+e of i #ro#ert of t"e deceasedG orii t"e will of t"e deceasedG

* w"o concealed or conveedawa an #ro#ert of t"edeceased

'"e #ro*ate co,rt "as no a,t"oritto decide w"et"er or not t"e#ro#erties *elon+ to t"e estate or

to t"e #erson *ein+ e/amined since#ro*ate co,rts are co,rts of limited

-,risdiction.

E,-e/#0(*a. Provisional determination of owners"i# of incl,sion in t"einventorG*. S,*mission to t"e co,rts

-,risdiction(ernardo v. CA)

; $f after t"e e/amination& t"ereis +ood reason for *elievin+t"at t"e #erson e/amined "as#ro#ert in "is #ossession*elon+in+ to t"e deceased& t"e#roced,re wo,ld *e for t"eadministrator to recover t"e

same * 9lin+ an ordinaraction to recover t"e samefrom said #ossessor. (Al$)#9 %M#($& 2 P#l. :37)

3 And if t"e administrator desiresto o*tain #ossession odoc,ments *elon+in+ to t"eestate w"ic" t"e #ersone/amined is s,##osed to "avein #ossession& t"eadministrator ma sec,re fromt"e co,rt a subpoena duces

tecum. (C$(-0 %M$@)#leB0>& 8 P#l. 356)

f !"en a +rantee in a fra,d,lentconveance is ot"er t"an t"ee/ec,tor or administrator& acreditorma commence and #rosec,te t"eaction if t"e followin+ re3,isites are#resent0

'"at t"e e/ec,tor oadministrator "as s"own to"ave no desire to 9le t"e

action or failed to instit,tet"e same wit"in t"ereasona*le time.

; Leave is +ranted * co,rt tocreditor as #rescri*ed in Section=& and

? ond is 9led * creditor as#rescri*ed in t"is #rovision andG

Action * creditor is in t"ename of t"e e/ec,tor oadministrator.

Note0 '"ese re3,isites need not

*e com#lied wit" if t"e +ranteeof t"e fra,d,lent conveance ist"e e/ec,tor or administrato"imself& in w"ic" event t"eaction s"o,ld *e in t"e name ofall creditors.

RULE 92

GUARDIANSHIP

What is GA!"IA#$%IP

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$s t"e #ower of #rotective a,t"orit +iven

* law and im#osed on as individ,al w"ois free and in t"e en-oment of "is ri+"ts&over one w"ose wea>ness on acco,nt of "is a+e or ot"er in9rmit renders "im,na*le to #rotect "imself.

GA!"IA# $s a #erson in w"om t"e law "as entr,sted

t"e c,stod and control of t"e #erson orestate or *ot" of an infant& insane& orot"er #erson inca#a*le of mana+in+ "isown aFairs.

8e is an o:cer of t"e co,rt a##ointin+

"im. 8e is a creat,re of t"e law and "as noa,t"orit& ri+"ts and d,ties e/ce#t t"oseconferred or im#osed * law.

#(@> 0 Gu$)@#$(>*&.'egal Guardian

!"o is s,c" * #rovision of lawwit"o,t t"e need of -,dicial a##ointment& asin t"e case of #arents over t"e #ersons of t"eir minor c"ildren.

(. Guardian ad litem!"o ma *e an com#etent #erson

a##ointed * t"e co,rt for #,r#oses of a#artic,lar action or #roceedin+ involvin+ aminor.). *udicial Guardian

!"o is a com#etent #erson a##ointed* t"e co,rt over t"e #erson and or #ro#ert

of t"e ward to re#resent t"e latter in all "iscivil acts and transactions.

WHERE TO INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS FOR

GUARDIANSHIP:

$n t"e R'C of t"e #rovince w"ere t"e

minor or incom#etent #erson resides. $f "e resides in a forei+n co,ntr& in t"e

R'C of t"e #rovince w"erein "is#ro#ert or #art t"ereof is sit,ated( Sec & R,le ;G P ; ).

+ay issues of ownership be threshed out by the guardianship court

NO. !"ere in a +,ardians"i# case& aniss,e arises as to w"o "as a *etter ri+"t ortitle to #ro#erties conveed in t"e co,rse of t"e +,ardians"i# #roceedin+s& t"econtrovers s"o,ld *e t"res"ed o,t in ase#arate ordinar action as t"e dis#,te is*eond t"e -,risdiction of t"e +,ardians"i#

co,rt (Parco et. al vs. CA & et.al& Ban. ?=@;).

8owever w"ere t"e ri+"t or title of t"eward to t"e #ro#ert is clear and,ndis#,ta*le& t"e +,ardians"i# co,rt maiss,e an order directin+ its deliver or ret,rn.( Paciencte vs. Dac,c,& B,ne ;& @; ).

W%- A! I#/-+P0#0

Under Sec. ;& R,le ;& t"ose consideredincom#etent are t"e F0

. Persons s,Ferin+ t"e #enalt of civiinterdiction;. 8os#itali%ed le#ers?. '"ose w"o are of ,nso,nd mind& event"o,+" t"e "ave l,cid intervals. Prodi+als

H. Persons not *ein+ of ,nso,nd mind& *,t *reason of a+e& disease& wea> mind and ot"ersimilar ca,ses& cannot& wit"o,t o,tside aidta>e care of t"emselves and mana+e t"ei#ro#ert.. Deaf and d,m* w"o are ,na*le to read andwrite.

RULE 83APPOINTMENT OF A GUARDIAN

W%- +A1 P0I0I-# 2-! 0% APP-I#0+#0

-2 A GA!"IA#. 6or resident minor incom#etenta. An friend*. Ot"er #erson in *e"alf of a residentminor or incom#etent w"o "as no #arent orlawf,l +,ardian.c. An relatived. '"e minor "imself if ears or over.e. '"e Secretar of 8ealt" in favor of aninsane #erson w"o s"o,ld *e "os#itali%ed oin favor of a le#er #erson.

;. 6or nonresident minor incom#etent

a. An friend*. An one interested in t"e minor4s incom#etent4s estate& in e/#ectanc oot"erwise.c. An relativeCONTENTS OF THE PETITION FOR

GUARDIANSHIP

3 $ec. ( , !ule 4) 5:

. ' "e -,risdictional facts.;. t"e minorit or incom#etenc renderin+ t"ea##ointment necessar or convenient.

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?. t"e names& a+es and residence of t"erelatives of t"e minor or incom#etent and of t"e #ersons "avin+ "im in t"eir care.. '"e #ro*a*le val,e and c"aracter of "isestate.H. '"e name of t"e #erson for w"om letters of +,ardians"i# are #raed.

'"e #etition s"o,ld *e veri9ed& *,t nodefect in t"e #etition or veri9cations"all void t"e iss,ance of letters of +,ardians"i#. ( Sec. ;& R,le ? ).

PROCEDURE FOR THE PETITION FOR

GUARDIANSHIP:

. '"e 9lin+ of t"e #etition in t"e co,rt of #ro#er -,risdiction.( Sec. & R,le ? ).;. '"e co,rt s"all iss,e as order settin+ t"edate& time and #lace for t"e "earin+ ( Sec.?&

R,le ?)?. Notice of t"e date& time and #lace of t"e"earin+ is to *e +iven to0

a. Persons mentioned in t"e #etitionincl,din+ t"e minor "imself if earsor over or incom#etent "imself b. #e7t of 8in9 only, those residing in

the province where the petition is led

3 $ec. ) !ule 4) 5

. An interested #erson ma 9le writteno##osition on t"e followin+ +ro,nds 0a. ma-orit of t"e alle+ed minor*. com#etenc of t"e alle+ed

incom#etentc. ,ns,ita*ilit of #ersons for w"omletters of +,ardians"i# are #raed. t"e o##osin+ #art m,st #ra for 0a. t"e dismissal of t"e #etition*. t"e iss,ance of letters of

+,ardians"i# to "im or to an s,ita*le #ersonnamed in t"e o##osition (Sec. & R,le ? )H. '"e co,rt s"all receive evidence of t"e

#arties (Sec. H& R,le ?).. $f t"e evidence warrants& t"e co,rt s"alla##oint a s,ita*le +,ardian of t"e #erson of t"e minor or incom#etent or of "is estate or of *ot" in a decision rendered t"ereafter& aftert"e #ament of t"e *ond. ( Sec. H& R,le ? ).

NO'E 0!"en t"e names& a+es and residence

of some of t"e ne/t of >in were omitted in t"e#etition& *,t it a##ears t"at t"ose omitted

-oined in t"e #etition for t"e a##ointment of a

+,ardian& t"e defect is c,red and t"e co,rtma #roceed.

Service of notice ,#on t"eminor if a*ove ears or ,#on t"eincom#etent #erson is essential. !it"o,s,c" service of notice& t"e co,rt ac3,ires no

-,risdiction.

( 5anco vs. C6$ of anila& ; P"il @G Ner etal vs. Loren%o& A#ril ;& ; ).

!"en t"e incom#etent is an insane#erson and is ,nder t"e c,stod of t"e SanLoren%o 8os#ital& service of t"e notice to t"eDirector of t"e "os#ital is s,:cient.( $n Re e(@#( #( -0u)/&@#e@. Te /)#$l -0u)/ $0#(/e@ /e)$(@0/e) $> u$)@#$( 0 /e

-#l@)e(. I> /e /)#$l -0u)/ -0))e-/ 5es. '"e SC "eld t"at t"e trial co,rt

did not commit an error in t"e a##ointmentof t"e +randmot"er as t"e +,ardian of t"eminor c"ildren. (Cortes vs. Castillo et al P"il ).

M$ /e -0u)/ $0#(/ (0()e>#@e(/> $>u$)@#$(>

No. eca,se& t"en& t"e nonresident

are not s,*-ect to t"e -,risdiction of t"e co,rt

(


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M$ /e -0u)/ $0#(/ /e )$(@$/e) 0 /e -#l@ $> u$)@#$(& $/e) /e>u">e=ue(/ $))#$e 0 /e -#l@>0/e) /0 $ $( 0/e) /$( /e -#l@>$/e)

5es. '"ere was no error in a##ointin+t"e c"ild4s +randfat"er as t"e

+,ardian& even over t"eo*-ection of t"e c"ild4s mot"er. Underart. ?;@ and ?; of t"e NCC& a mot"erw"o contracts a s,*se3,ent marria+e

loses #arental a,t"orit over "erc"ildren and t"at w"en t"e mot"er of

an ille+itimate c"ild marries a manot"er t"an t"e fat"er& t"e co,rt ma

a##oint a +,ardian for t"e c"ild.( alat*at vs. alat*at& 6e*. ;?&

H ).

$n t"e case of +,ardians"i# of a

nonresident minor or incom#etent& it is t"elatter4s estate sit,ated "ere in t"e P"ili##inest"at is s,*-ect to +,ardians"i#.

Notice of t"e #etition for +,ardians"i#* #,*lication or ot"erwise& m,st *e +iven tot"e nonresident or incom#etent. ( Sec. &R,le ? ). Under t"e same r,le& a nat,ral#erson or a -,ridical #erson in t"e tr,st*,siness& li>e tr,st com#anies& tr,stcor#orations or tr,st *an>s ma *e a##ointed+,ardian of t"e estate.

PARENTS AS GUARDIANS (Sec . R,le ? )I> $ Bu@#-#$l $0#(/e(/ 0 $)e(/ $>u$)@#$( 0 #> -#l@> )0e)/)e=u#)e@

$t de#ends.. !"en t"e #ro#ert of t"e c"ild ,nder#arental a,t"orit is wort" P ;&=== or less(,nder Sec. ;;H of t"e New 6amil Code&t"e val,e is P H=&=== or less)& t"e fat"er ort"e mot"er wit"o,t t"e necessit of co,rta##ointment& s"all *e "is le+al +,ardian.(Sec. & R,le ? ).

;. !"en t"e #ro#ert of t"e c"ild is wort"more t"an P ;&===.== ( ,nder Sec. ;;H of t"e New 6amil Code& t"e val,e e/ceeds PH=&===.== )& t"e fat"er or t"e mot"er s"all*e considered +,ardian of t"e c"ild4s#ro#ert& wit" t"e d,ties and o*li+ation of +,ardians ( Art. ?;= ?; NCC& Sec. &R,le ? ) and s"all 9le a #etition for+,ardians"i#. 6or +ood reasons& "owever&t"e co,rt ma a##oint anot"er s,ita*le#erson. (Sec. & R,le ?).

W !"ere t"e val,e of t"e #ro#ert ort"e ann,al income of t"e c"ild e/ceeds PH=&===.==& t"e #arent concerned s"all *ere3,ired to f,rnis" a *ond in s,c" amo,nt ast"e co,rt ma determine& *,t not less t"an = of t"e val,e of t"e #ro#ert or ann,a

income& to +,arantee t"e #erformance of t"eo*li+ations #rescri*ed for +eneral +,ardians. (;nd #ar& Art. ;;H& New 6amil Code )

'"e ri+"ts of t"e #arents to *ea##ointed as a +,ardian is NO' ASOLU'Eand t"e circ,mstances of #arent"ood will not*e allowed to o,twei+" t"e considerations ot"e ES' $N'ERES' of t"e c"ildren& so t"at& ift"e c"aracter or cond,ct of t"e #arents ot"eir manner of life is s,c" as render i#ro*a*le t"at it will *e detrimental to t"einterest of t"e infants to *e in t"eir c,stod&

t"eir claims will *e denied and ot"er #ersonss"all *e a##ointed as +,ardians.

Parents& "owever& are #referred and itis a r,le esta*lis"ed * -,dicial decisions andin man -,risdictions * e/#ress stat,te& t"atw"en a +,ardian is a##ointed * t"e co,rt&t"e #arents are entitled to #reference& over alot"er #ersons. '"e fat"er is #referred and incase "e is dead& t"e mot"er.

SERVICE OF ;UDGEMENT ( Sec. @& R,le ? )$f t"e minor or incom#etent resides in

t"e P"ili##ines& service of -,d+ment is ,#ont"e civil re+istrar of t"e m,nici#alit or citw"ere t"e minor or incom#etent resides.

$f t"e minor or incom#etent resideso,tside of t"e P"ili##ines& t"en service o

-,d+ment is ,#on t"e civil re+istrar of t"e#lace w"ere "is #ro#ert or #art t"ereof issit,ated.

?ONDS OF GUARDIANSHIPA *ond in s,c" s,m as t"e co,rt

directs s"all *e +iven *efore a +,ardiana##ointed of +,ardians"i# s"all iss,e ( Sec.

R,le )

CONDITIONS OF THE ?OND (Sec. & R,le)0

. 'o ma>e and ret,rn to t"e co,rt& wit"in ?mont"s& a tr,e and com#lete inventor of alestate & and #ersonal& of "is ward w"ic"s"all come to "is #ossession or >nowled+e orto t"e #ossession or >nowled+e oan ot"er #erson for "im.

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;. 'o fait"f,ll e/ec,te t"e d,ties of "is tr,st&to mana+e and dis#ose of t"e estateaccordin+ to t"ese r,les for t"e *est interestof t"e ward and to #rovide for t"e #ro#er care&c,stod of t"e ward.?. 'o render a tr,e and -,st acco,nt of all t"eestate of t"e ward in "is "ands& and of all

#roceeds or interest derived t"ere from& andof t"e mana+ement and dis#osition of t"esame& at t"e time desi+nated * t"ese r,lesand s,c" ot"er times as t"e co,rt directs andat t"e e/#iration of "is tr,st& to settle "isacco,nts wit" t"e co,rt and deliver and #aover all t"e estate& eFects and monesremainin+ in "is "ands or d,e from "is owns,c" settlement& to t"e #erson lawf,llentitled t"ereto.

. 'o #erform all orders of t"e co,rt * "im to*e #erformed.

NO'A ENE0!"ere t"e stat,te re3,ires a +,ardian

to +ive *ond& "e can not 3,alif or *ecomeentitled to act as +,ardian wit"o,t +ivin+ s,c"*ondG *,t "is fail,re to +ive *ond ordinarildoes not render "is acts void& at least asa+ainst t"ird #ersons wit"o,t notice.

O?;ECT OF THE ?OND 'o #rovide sec,rit to t"ose interested in t"e#ro#er settlement of t"e #ro#erties of t"eward.

'"e conditions of t"e +,ardian4s *ond alsoconstit,te t"e d,ties and o*li+ations of a+,ardian.

WHEN IS A NEW ?OND REUIREDUnder Sec. ; & R,le & a new *ond is re3,iredw"enever it is deemed necessar * t"eco,rt.

Re3,isites0. After d,e notice to interested

#ersons.;. No in-,r will res,lt t"erefrom to

t"ose interested in t"e estate.

WHERE IS THE ?OND FILED$n t"e o:ce of t"e Cler> of Co,rt ( Sec. ?& R,le )

IN CASE IT ?ECOMES LIA?LE& WHERE ISIT PROSECUTED$t ma *e #rosec,ted eit"er in t"e same#roceedin+ or * a se#arate action ( Sec. ?&R,le )

We( #> $ u$)@#$( #> "0(@>e(l#$"le $n case a +,ardian is removed& "e and "is*ondsmen are lia*le& for t"e administration oft"e ward4s #ro#ert& from t"e time oacce#tance of a##ointment to t"e time oremoval.

( in of t"e ward and al

ot"er #ersons interested in t"e estate. (Sec;& R,le H)

?. At t"e date& time and #lace of t"e "earin+evidence s"all *e received from t"e#etitioner& t"e ne/t of >in and ot"er #ersonsinterested& to+et"er wit" t"eir res#ectivewitness. (Sec. ?& R,le H)

. '"e co,rt ma +rant or ref,se t"e #raeof t"e #etition for a,t"orit to sell& as t"e *esinterest of t"e ward re3,ires. (Sec. ?& R,le H)

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H. $f t"e co,rt +rants t"e #etition for a,t"oritto sell& it s"all order t"e sale or enc,m*ranceand s"all indicate t"e manner in w"ic" t"e#roceeds t"ereof s"all *e dis#osed. (Sec. &R,le H)

. '"e a,t"orit to sell ma incl,de directivest"at t"e #ro#ert *e sold or dis#osed of at a#,*lic or #rivate sale& s,*-ect to conditions ast"e co,rt ma deem most *ene9cial to t"eward. (Sec. & R,le H)

. '"e co,rt ma direst t"e +,ardian to #ostadditional *ond as a condition for +rantin+ t"ea,t"orit to sell. (Sec. & R,le H)

@. No order of sale s"all contin,e in force formore t"an one ear after t"e +rant of t"ea,t"orit& wit"o,t a sale *ein+ "eld. (Sec. &

R,le H ). '"is one ear #eriod does nota##l to mort+a+es ot"erenc,m*rances.. '"e co,rt ma direct t"e #roceeds to *einvested and ma ma>e s,c" orders for t"emana+ement& investment dis#osition of t"eestate eFects as circ,mstances mare3,ire.

( Sec. H& R,le H )

NO'A $EN0 '"e +,ardian is clot"ed wit" t"e #ower

to sell or dis#ose of t"e #ersonal #ro#ert of

"is ward. Ordinaril& a #etition for t"e sale nora co,rt order to do so& is NO' NECESSAR5.

'"e *asis of t"is r,le on sale of #ersonalt ist"at t"e #ersonal estate of t"e ward isnecessaril s,*-ect to ore ,nlimited controlt"an realt and ma *e invested& called in andreinvested and c"an+ed and ot"erwisedis#osed of as t"e e/i+encies of t"e tr,st int"e -,d+ment of t"e +,ardian ma seem tore3,ire.

'"e #owers of a +eneral +,ardiane/tend not onl to t"e c,stod of t"e #ersonof t"e ward& *,t also to t"e mana+ement of

t"e ward4s #ersonal estate and "is controlt"ereover is a*sol,te& wit"in t"e *o,nds of adiscretion +,ided * an "onest -,d+ment of w"at t"e ward4s *est interest re3,ires. And int"e e/ercise of t"at discretion& "e ma resortto t"e sale of t"e #rinci#al of t"e ward4sestate.

M$ /e u$)@#$( >ell )e$l e>/$/e 0 /e$)@ e)el " )e$>0( 0 #> e(e)$l0e)>

No. $n t"e a*sence of an s#ecial

a,t"orit to sell conferred * will& stat,te& oorder of t"e co,rt& a sale of t"e ward4s realt* t"e +,ardian wit"o,t a,t"orit from t"eco,rt is void.( $nton et al vs. 1,intana et al . @ P"il )

C$( $ 0/e) >ell /e )e$l/ 0 e) #(0)

-#l@ 0>e e>/$/e e,-ee@> P 5&. 5es& #rovided t"e mot"er 9rst #etitions

for +,ardians"i# and s,*se3,entl o*tain as#ecial a,t"orit from t"e co,rt. ( US adm. Vs,stos& ; P"il ?;& Art. ;;H of t"e New6amil Code)

A #@0& /e 0/e) 0 #(0) -#l@)e(>0l@ /e l$//e)> )0e)/ e,/)$Bu@#-#$ll.De>#/e "e#( $ )e#>/e)e@ l$(@& /e >$le$> (0/ )e#>/e)e@. L$/e)& /e 0/e)$> $0#(/e@ $> /e u$)@#$(> 0 /ee)>0(> $(@ )0e)/#e> 0 e) #(0)

-#l@)e(. U0( e/#/#0(& >e $> )$(/e@" /e -0u)/ $( $u/0)#/ /0 >ell e)-#l@)e(> )0e)/. Se /u> >0l@ /e>$e )0e)/ >0l@ e$)l#e) /0 $(0/e)e)>0(. W#- >$le #> %$l#@

As *etween t"e 9rst and t"e secondsale& t"e latter is s,#erior. $n s"ort& t"e saleof realt * a +,ardian wit" co,rt order +ivess,#erior ri+"ts to t"e *,er over ot"e#ersons. '"is is of co,rse wit"o,t #re-,dice tot"e ri+"t of t"e 9rst *,er to reim*,rsementof "is mone and t"e val,e of "isim#rovements& if an. 8e was after all& a

*,er and a *,ilder in +ood fait".( $*arle vs. Po & ; P"il ; )

C$( $ u$)@#$( "u /e $)@> )0e)/No& a +,ardian is #ro"i*ited from

*,in+ t"e ward4s #ro#ert.

I> (0/#-e /0 /e (e,/ 0 #( 0 /e $)@)e$)@#( /e >$le 0 /e )0e)/ 0 /e$)@ /e @$/e l$-e 0 /e e$)#((e-e>>$)

5es& t"is is a -,dicial re3,irement andt"e a*sence t"ereof is fated. ( Sinco vs

Lon+a& H P"il H= ). 8owever& s,c" notice isdeemed com#lied wit" w"ere it a##ears t"atall t"e ne/t of >in& incl,din+ t"ose notnoti9ed& "ave alread a+reed to s,c" sale.( De 'avera vs. El 8o+ar 6ili#ino )

W0 $)e /e (e,/ 0 #( 0 /e $)@ '"e are t"e relatives w"o are or ma

*e entitled to t"e estate. $t incl,des t"oseclaimin+ #er stir#es or t"e ri+"t ofre#resentation. ( Lo#e% vs. B,d+e 'eodoroa ;& H= )

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GENERAL POWERS DUTIES OFGUARDIAN ( R,le ) 0. 8e is res#onsi*le for t"e care c,stod of t"e #erson of "is ward. ( Sec. & R,le )

;. 'o mana+e "is ward4s estate fr,+all and

wit"o,t waste and a##l t"e income and#ro9ts t"ereof& so far as ma *enecessar& to t"e comforta*le s,ita*lemaintenance of t"e ward "is famil.( Sec. & R,le )?. 'o settle all acco,nts of "is ward anddemand& s,e for and receive all de*ts d,e "imor ma& wit" t"e a##roval of t"e co,rt&com#o,nd for t"e same and +ive disc"ar+e tot"e de*tor& on receivin+ a fair and -,stdividend of t"e estate eFects. ( Sec. ?& R,le )

. 'o #a t"e ward4s -,st de*ts o,t of t"elatter4s #ersonal estate and t"e income of "isestate& if s,:cient. $f not& t"en o,t of t"eward4s real estate& wit" t"e a##roval of t"eco,rt. ( Sec. ;& R,le )

H. 'o a##ear for and re#resent "is ward in allactions and s#ecial #roceedin+s& ,nlessanot"er #erson *e a##ointed for t"at#,r#oses. ( Sec. ?& R,le )

. 'o -oin in an assent to a #artition of real or#ersonal estate "eld * t"e ward& -ointl or in

common wit" ot"ers. ( Sec. H& R,le )

NO'E0 8owever& w"en t"e interest of eit"er #arent or +,ardian in t"e#artition con2icts wit" t"at of t"ec"ildren4s or ward4s ,nder t"eir#arental a,t"orit& s,c" #arents or+,ardians cannot re#resent t"emt"erein& *,t accordin+ to Art. H of t"e NCC& a t"ird #art will *ea##ointed to re#resent t"em in law in fact. ( Salon+a vs.Evan+elista & ;= P"il ;? )

. 'o instit,te com#laints a+ainst #ersonss,s#ected of em*e%%lin+ or concealin+#ro#ert of t"e ward. ( Sec. & R,le )

@. 'o render to t"e co,rt an inventor of t"eestate of "is ward wit"in ? mont"s after "isa##ointment and ann,all after s,c"a##ointment& an inventor acco,nt& t"erendition of an of w"ic" ma *ecom#elled ,#on t"e a##lication of an

interested #erson. ( Sec. & R,le ). 'o receive com#ensation& if #ro#er. ( Sec@& R,le )

NO'A $EN 0 '"e -,dicial +,ardian "as t"e

mana+ement of t"e estate of t"e ward and as

s,c"& "e ma e/ercise all acts ofadministration. '"e -,dicial +,ardians& wit" ow"ic" t"e a##roval of t"e co,rt& can lease reaestate wit" t"e ward for a #eriod not moret"an one ear& for a lon+er #eriod is#ro"i*ited *eca,se t"e same wo,ld not *e anact of administration. ( Enri3,e% vs. !atsonCo.& ;; P"il ;?0 Lic"a,co vs. 'an P"o& H P"i@;0 >ue 0 0(e)># "e @e$l/ #/ #(/e >$e u$)@#$(># )0-ee@#(>

No& a +,ardians"i# co,rt4s soleconcern is t"e ward4s care c,stod #ro#eadministration of "is #ro#erties. '"ereforecon2icts re+ardin+ owners"i# or title to s,c"#ro#ert in t"e "ands of a +,ardian& in "isca#acit as s,c" s"o,ld *e liti+ated in a

se#arate #roceedin+. ( Viloria vs. Admin. OVet. AFairs& = P"il ; )

I( $ -#%#l -$>e& /e u$)@#$( )e)e>e(/#(/e $)@ -0(e>>e@ Bu@e(/ #( $%0) 0/e l$//e). I> /#> %$l#@

No& as t"is is as act of owners"i# odominion. '"e same is not wit"in t"e #owersof +,ardians"i#. '"e co,rt4s a,t"orit isneeded& ot"erwise& t"e ward wo,ld not *e*o,nd * a -,d+ment o*tained t"ro,+" t"econfession of -,d+ment made * t"e +,ardian

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wit"o,t co,rt a,t"orit.

A u$)@#$( $@%$(-e@ $ >u 0 0(e 0)/e >u0)/ 0 /e $)@ "e0)e #>$0#(/e(/ $> u$)@#$( 0 >u- $)@.I> >$#@ u$)@#$( e(/#/le@ /0)e#"u)>ee(/

No. '"e advanced f,nd cannot *econsidered as e/#ense inc,rred in t"ee/ec,tion of t"e +,ardian4s tr,st.

Alt"o,+" ,nder Sec. @& R,le & in t"esettlement of acco,nt& t"e +,ardian& ot"ert"an t"e #arent s"all *e allowed t"e amo,ntof "is reasona*le e/#enses inc,rred in t"ee/ec,tion of "is tr,st also s,c"com#ensation for "is services as t"e co,rtdeems -,st. Not e/ceedin+ H of t"e netincome of t"e ward. '",s& if t"ere is no netincome& w"ic" accr,e to t"e ward t"ere isNO COPENSA'$ON.

RULE 87TERMINATION OF GUARDIANSHIP

W%# "-$ GA!"IA#$%IP 0!+I#A0. Attainment of com#etenc of t"e ward as

-,diciall determined.;. Resi+nation or removal of t"e +,ardian.?. arria+e of minor or "is vol,ntaremanci#ation.

P!-/"! I# "0!+I#I#G 0%/-+P0#/1 -2 0% A''G"I#/-+P0#0 . A veri9ed #etition s"o,ld *e 9led * t"eincom#etent "imself& or "is +,ardian& relativeor friend& for a -,dicial declaration of com#etenc. '"is is 9led in t"e same+,ardians"i# #roceedin+.

;. '"e co,rt sets t"e #etition for "earin+.

?. Notice s"all *e +iven to t"e +,ardian t"eward.

. At t"e trial& t"e +,ardian or relatives of t"eward& or an ot"er #ersons& ma contest t"e

#etition.

H. !itness ma *e called and e/amined *t"e #arties or * t"e co,rt in its own motion.

. $f t"e ward is fo,nd to *e no lon+erincom#etent& "is com#etenc s"all *ead-,d+ed t"e +,ardians"i# ceases.

G!-#"$ 2-! 0% !+-;A' -2 AGA!"IA# :

$nsanit of t"e +,ardian.; $nca#a*ilit of t"e +,ardian to

disc"ar+e t"e tr,st.

? Uns,ita*ilit of t"e +,ardian to act ass,c".

!asta+e or mismana+ement of t"eestate of t"e ward.

H 6ail,re for t"irt ( ?= ) das after it isd,e to render an acco,nt or ma>e aret,rn.

W%# +A1 A GA!"IA# $ Trust 'r,st is t"e ri+"t to t"e *ene9cia

en-oment of #ro#ert& t"e le+al title to w"ic"is vested in anot"er. $t is a 9d,ciarrelations"i# t"at o*li+es t"e tr,stee to deawit" t"e #ro#ert for t"e *ene9t of t"e*ene9ciar. 'r,st relations *etween #artiesma eit"er *e e/#ress or im#lied. (SECU5A vsDE SELA&


22/28

22

8ow created0

* an act inter vivos

; * an act mortis ca,sa& as in a

will

? * t"e admission of t"e tr,stee

t"at "e merel a tr,stee to t"e#ro#ert of t"e tr,st.

* Implied 0rust comes into *ein+ *

o#eration of law.

!"o ma #etition7

Parties *ene9ciall interested.

in+ a

c"ild& w"et"er related or not to t"eado#ter& #ossess in +eneral & t"e ri+"tsaccorded to a le+itimate c"ild.

W$/ #> RA 552 $t is a law >nown as '"e Domestic

Ado#tion Act of @.

W0 M$ A@0/A #erson of le+al a+e& in #ossession of

f,ll civil ca#acit and le+al ri+"ts& of +oodmoral c"aracter& "as not *een convicted of an crime involvin+ moral t,r#it,de&emotionall and #sc"olo+icall ca#a*le incarin+ for c"ildren ma ado#t& #rovided& "eis in a #osition to s,##ort and care for "isc"ildren in >ee#in+ wit" t"e means of t"efamil.

$n addition& t"e ado#ter m,st

*e at least ears older t"an t"eado#tee& ,nless t"e ado#ter is0

t"e *iolo+ical #arent of t"eado#tee& or ;) t"e s#o,se of t"eado#tee4s #arent. I sec. (a) J

M$ A( Al#e( A@0/An alien ma ado#t& #rovided& "e

#ossesses t"e same 3,ali9cations as a*ovestated for 6ili#ino nationals& "is co,ntr "asdi#lomatic relations wit" t"e Re#,*lic of t"eP"ili##ines and "e com#lies wit" t"e

residenc and certi9cation re3,irements.I sec. (*) J

W$/ #> /e Re>#@e(-Re=u#)ee(/

'"e alien m,st "ave *een livin+ in t"eP"ils. for at least ? contin,o,s ears #rior to

t"e 9lin+ of t"e a##lication for ado#tion andmaintains s,c" residence ,ntil t"e ado#tiondecree is entered. I sec. (*) J

W$/ #> /e Ce)/#J-$/#0(Re=u#)ee(/

'"e alien m,st "ave *een certi9ed *"is"er di#lomatic or cons,lar o:ce or an+overnment a+enc t"at0) "es"e "as t"e le+al ca#acit to ado#tin "is"er co,ntr and&

; "is"er +overnment allows t"eado#tee to enter "is"er co,ntr

as "is"er ado#ted c"ild. I sec.(*) J

M$ /e Re>#@e(- $(@Ce)/#J-$/#0( Re=u#)ee(/> ?eW$#%e@

5es. '"ese re3,irements ma *ewaived w"en t"e ado#ter is0

a former 6ili#ino citi%en w"o see>sto ado#t a relative wit"in t"e t"

de+ree of consan+,init ora:nitG or

; one w"o see>s to ado#t t"e

le+itimate c"ild of "is"er 6ili#inos#o,seG or

? married to a 6ili#ino citi%en andsee>s to ado#t -ointl wit" "is"ers#o,se a relative wit"in t"e t"

de+ree of consan+,init or a:nitof t"e 6ili#ino s#o,se. I sec. (*) J

M$ $ Gu$)@#$( A@0/ H#> W$)@W

5es. 8owever& "e ma onl do so aftert"e termination of t"e +,ardians"i# andclearance of "is 9nancial acco,nta*ilities.

I sec. (c) J '"is is to #revent t"e commission of fra,d * t"e +,ardian in t"e "andlin+ of t"e#ro#erties of t"e ward. Ado#tion mi+"t *eresorted to as a s"ield a+ainst saidfra,d,lent acts of t"e +,ardian& t"ere*#re-,dicin+ t"e minor.

H0 S$ll Hu>"$(@ $(@ W#eA@0/

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As a r,le& ado#tion m,st *e done -ointl * t"e ",s*and and wife. I sec. J

I> /e Rule A">0lu/e W

$t is not a*sol,te.

'"ere are e/ce#tions as w"en0 one s#o,se

see>s toado#t t"ele+itimatesonda,+"terof t"e ot"erGor

; one s#o,sesee>s toado#t t"e"is"er ownille+itimatesonda,+"ter&#rovided t"att"e ot"ers#o,se "assi+ni9ed"is"erconsentt"eretoG or

? t"e s#o,sesare le+allse#aratedfrom eac"ot"er. I sec. J

We( M$ $ Pe)>0( 0 Le$l Ae?e A@0/e@

A #erson of le+al a+e ma *eado#ted if& #rior to t"e ado#tion& said#erson "as *een consistentlconsidered and treated * t"e ado#teras "is"er own c"ild. I sec. @(d) J

We)e S0ul@ /e A@0/#0( C$>e "eF#le@

'"e case s"o,ld *e 9led in t"e R'C

( 6amil Co,rt ) of t"e #rovincecit w"eret"e #etitioner resides. I RA @? J

W$/ #> Re=u#)e@ ?e0)e /e Pe/#/#0( 0)A@0/#0( ?e Se/ F0) He$)#(

'"e #etition s"all *e set for "earin+onl w"en a licensed social wor>er of t"eDS!D& t"e social service o:ce of t"e local+ov4t ,nit& or an c"ild#lacin+ or c"ildcarin+a+enc "as made a CASE S'UD5 of t"e

ado#tee& "is"er *iolo+ical #arents as wellas t"e ado#ters and "as s,*mitted t"ere#ort and recommendations on t"e matterto t"e co,rt "earin+ s,c" #etition.

'"e case st,d of t"e ado#tee s"allesta*lis" t"at "es"e is le+all availa*le forado#tion and t"at t"e doc,ment to s,##ort

t"is fact are valid and a,t"entic. '"e case st,d of t"e ado#ters s"all

ascertain "is"er +en,ine intentions and t"att"e ado#tion is in t"e *est interest of t"ec"ild. I sec. J

W$/ #> Re=u#)e@ ?e0)e TePe/#/#0( F0) A@0/#0( C$( ?eF#($ll G)$(/e@

efore it can *e 9nall +ranted& t"eado#ters m,st "ave *een +iven * t"e co,rta SUPERV$SED

'R$AL CUS'OD5 PER$OD for at least mont"swit"in w"ic" t"e #arties are e/#ected toad-,st #sc"olo+icall and emotionall toeac" ot"er and esta*lis" a *ondin+relations"i#. D,rin+ said #eriod& tem#orar#arental a,t"orit s"all *e vested in t"eado#ters. I sec. ; JWe( S$ll $ De-)ee 0 A@0/#0("e E(/e)e@

$f& after t"e #,*lication of t"e order of "earin+ "as *een com#lied wit" and noo##osition "as *een inter#osed wit" to t"e#etition& and after consideration of t"e case

st,dies& t"e 3,ali9cations of t"e ado#ters&trial c,stod re#ort and t"e evidences,*mitted& t"e co,rt is convinced t"at t"e#etitioners are 3,ali9ed to ado#t& and t"att"e ado#tion wo,ld redo,nd to t"e *estinterest of t"e ado#tee& a decree of ado#tions"all *e entered. I sec. ? J

We( S$ll /e De-)ee ?eEKe-/#%e W

$t s"all *e eFective as of t"e date t"e

ori+inal #etition was 9led. '"is is to #rotectt"e interest of t"e ado#tee

in case t"e #etitioner dies *efore t"eiss,ance of t"e decree of ado#tion. I sec.? J

W$/ $)e /e EKe-/> 0 A@0/#0(

All le+al ties *etween t"e*iolo+ical #arents and t"eado#tee s"all *e severedand t"e same s"all t"en *e

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vested in t"e ado#ters&e/ce#t in cases w"ere t"e*iolo+ical #arent is t"es#o,se of t"e ado#ter.I sec. J

; '"e ado#tee s"all *econsidered t"e le+itimate

c"ild of t"e ado#ters forall intents and #,r#oses.

I sec. J? $n le+al and intestate

s,ccession& t"e ado#tersand t"e ado#tee s"all "avereci#rocal ri+"ts of s,ccession.

I sec. @ J

W$/ $)e /e G)0u(@> 0) /eRe>-#>>#0( 0 $( A@0/#0(

'"e ado#tion ma *e rescinded on

an of t"e followin+ +ro,nds committed *t"e ado#ters0

re#eated #"sical andver*al maltreatmentdes#ite "avin+ ,nder+oneco,nselin+G

; attem#t on t"e life of t"eado#teeG

? se/,al assa,lt or violenceGor

a*andonment and fail,reto com#l wit" #arentalo*li+ations. I sec. J

M$ $( A@0/e) F#le $ Pe/#/#0( 0)Re>-#>>#0( 0 A@0/#0( W

No. Ado#tion& *ein+ in t"e *estinterest of t"e c"ild& s"all not *e s,*-ect torescission * t"e ado#ters. 8owever& t"eado#ters ma disin"erit t"e ado#tee forca,ses #rovided in Article of t"e CivilCode. I sec. J

W$/ $)e /e EKe-/> 0 Re>-#>>#0(

Parental a,t"orit of t"e ado#tee4s*iolo+ical #arents& if >nown& or t"e le+alc,stod of t"e DS!D s"all *e restored if t"eado#tee is a minor or inca#acitated.

'"e co,rt s"all order t"e CivilRe+istrar to cancel t"e amended certi9cateof *irt" of t"e ado#tee and restore "is"erori+inal *irt" certi9cate.

S,ccession ri+"ts s"all revert to itsstat,s #rior to ado#tion& *,t onl as of t"edate of -,d+ment of -,dicial rescission. I sec.;= J

W0 $)e Gu#l/ 0 S#ul$/#0( 0 ?#)/An #erson w"o s"all ca,se t"e

9ctitio,s re+istration of t"e *irt" of a c"ild,nder t"e names of a #ersons w"o is not"is"er *iolo+ical #arents s"all *e +,ilt of sim,lation of *irt". I sec. ;(*) J

RULE 107

A?SENTEES

#(@> 0 A">e(-e

Ordinar A*sence; 1,ali9ed or e/traordinar A*sence

Where petition is to be led7

Re+ional 'rial Co,rt of t"e #lace w"ere t"e

a*sentee resided *efore "is disa##earance

What are the !e@uisites in the Appointment

of !epresentative

a A #erson disa##ears from "is domicile* '"e w"erea*o,ts of s,c" #erson is

,n>nownc S,c" #erson "as not left an a+ent to

administer "is #ro#ertG or even if "eleft s,c" a+ent & t"e #ower of s,c"a+ent "as e/#ired

d 8is disa##earance is less t"an ; earset

!"o ma #etition in relation to Art. ?@ and?@H of t"e New Civil Code7

$f t"e #erson is wit"o,t administrator

; ears time from "is disa##earance iss,:cient to ma>e a #etition for t"edeclaration of "is a*sence.

$f t"e #erson left an administrator& H

ears s"o,ld ela#se to declare "ima*sent. '"e reason for t"e lon+e#eriod is t"e +reater #ro*a*ilit t"at"e estate or #ro#ert is *ein+ wellta>en care of.

Who are Persons who may petition for

declaration of absence

'"e s#o,se #resent; '"e "eirs instit,ted in a will& w"o ma

#resent an a,t"entic co# of t"e same? '"e relatives w"o wo,ld s,cceed *

law of intestacG and& '"ose w"o "ave over t"e #ro#ert o

t"e a*sentee some ri+"t s,*ordinatedto t"e condition of "is deat".

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0he following are the re@uisites: B,risdictional facts; '"e names& a+es and residences of t"e

"eirs instit,ted in t"e will& co# of w"ic" s"all *e #resented& and of t"erelatives w"o wo,ld s,cceed * t"e

law of intestac? '"e names and residences of creditors

and ot"ers w"o ma "ave an adverseinterest over t"e #ro#ert of t"ea*sentee

'"e #ro*a*le val,e& location andc"aracter of t"e #ro#ert *elon+in+ tot"e a*sentee

%earing, #otice and Publication$t is t"e d,t of t"e co,rt wit" w"om a

#etition for a##ointment of re#resentative or

for declaration of a*sence and a##ointment of

tr,stee or administrator0

a 'o 9/ a date and #lace for t"e"earin+

* 'o notif and serve notice to t"efollowin+0 >nown "eirs& le+atee&

devisee; creditors? ot"er interested #ersonss,c" notice m,st *e made atleast = das *efore t"e"earin+

c 'o #,*lis" said notice for ?consec,tive wee>s in anews#a#er of +eneralcirc,lation& in t"e cit or#rovince w"ere a*senteeresided

• Notice and #,*lication

are essential to t"e -,risdiction of t"e co,rtas t"is is a #roceedin+in rem

Sec. Proof of 8earin+

Sec. of t"is R,le m,st *e 9rst s"own; $f satisfactor& t"e co,rt s"all iss,e an

order +rantin+ t"e same and a##ointt"e re#resentative& tr,stee oradministrator. '"e #owers& o*li+ationsand rem,neration s"all *e s#eci9ed.

W $n case of declaration of a*sence& t"esame s"all not ta>e eFect ,ntil mont"safter its #,*lication in a news#a#er of +eneral circ,lation desi+nated * t"eco,rt and in t"e O:cial #/e> 0

A@%e)>$)#$lP)0-ee@#(>0a Pro#er #etition is 9led w"ere t"e Civi

Re+istrar and all #arties interestedare im#leaded.

* '"e order of "earin+ m,st *e#,*lis"ed.

c Notice t"ereof m,st *e +iven to t"eSolicitor


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( ;# '"e R'C of t"e #rovince w"ere t"e

corres#ondin+ civil re+istr is located.

) PA!0I$ 0- 0% P!-/"I#Ga PetitionerG

* Civil Re+istrarc All #ersons w"o "ave direct

claim or interest w"ic" wo,ld*e aFected t"ere*.

W%- +A1 2I' 0% P0I0I-# An #erson interested in an act&

decree& order or event concernin+ t"ecivil stat,s of #ersons w"ic" "as *eenrecorded in t"e civil re+ister.

5 #0!I$ $name

• 6irst Name0 refers to a name or a

nic>name +iven to a #erson w"ic" maconsist of one or more names inaddition to t"e middle and last names.

3 WHO MAY FILEAn #erson "avin+ direct and

#ersonal interest in t"e correction of aclerical or t#o+ra#"ical error in anentr andor c"an+e of 9rstnamenic>name.

4 VENUE

• '"e #etitioner ma 9le in #erson a

veri9ed #etition wit" t"e local civire+istr o:ce of t"e cit om,nici#alit w"ere t"e record *ein+so,+"t to *e corrected or c"an+ed is>e#t.

• $f t"e #etitioner "as mi+rated to

anot"er #lace in t"e co,ntr and it isim#ractical for "im to a##ear in #erson

*efore t"e local re+istrar >ee#in+ t"erecords& t"e #etition ma*e 9led in#erson wit" t"e local civil re+istrar oft"e #lace w"ere t"e interested #art isresidin+ or domiciled.

• 6ili#ino citi%ens residin+ or domiciled in

forei+n co,ntries ma 9le t"ei#etition& in #erson& wit" t"e nearescons,late.

N0/e* All t"e #etitions ma*e availed of onlonce.

5 GROUNDS FOR CHANGE OF NAMEa '"e #etitioner 9nds t"e 9rst name o

nic>name to *e ridic,lo,s& tainted wit"dis"onor or e/tremel di:c,lt to writeor #rono,nceG

* '"e new 9rst name or nic>name "as*een "a*it,all and contin,o,sl ,sed* t"e #etitioner and "e "as *een#,*licl >nown * t"at 9rst name ornic>name in t"e comm,nit.

c C"an+e will avoid conf,sion.

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6 FORM OF PETITION * A@$%#/ CONTENTS OF PETITIONa 6acts necessar to esta*lis" t"e merits

of t"e #etition and s"all s"owa:rmativel t"at t"e #etitioner iscom#etent to testif to t"e mattersstated.

* Statement of t"e #artic,lar erroneo,sentrentries w"ic" are so,+"t to *ecorrected andor c"an+ed so,+"t to *emade.

PU?LICATION

$n case of c"an+e of 9rst name ornic>name& t"e #etition s"all *e#,*lis"ed at least once a wee> for twoconsec,tive wee>s in a news#a#er of +eneral circ,lation.

8 PERSON WHO MAY IMPUGN THEDECISION OF THE LOCAL CIVILREGISTRAR GRANTING A PETITION

'"e Administrator of t"e NationalStatistics O:ce ma im#,+n& * waof o*-ection s,c" decision on t"efollowin+ +ro,nds0

a Error is notclericalt#o+ra#"ical

* '"e correction of an entr in t"ecivil re+ister is s,*stantial orcontroversial as it aFects t"ecivil stat,s of a #ersonG or

c '"e *asis ,sed in c"an+in+ t"e9rst name or nic>name of a#erson does not fall ,nder t"e ?a,t"ori%ed +ro,nds en,meratedfor a c"an+e of 9rst name ors,rname.

• $f t"e administrator of t"e NSO fails to

e/ercise "is #ower to im#,+n t"edecision wit"in = wor>in+ das afters,c" recei#t& t"e decision s"all*ecome 9nal and e/ec,tor.

: APPEAL '"e #etitioner ma eit"er a##eal t"edecision to t"e administrator of NSO or9le t"e a##ro#riate #etition wit" t"e#ro#er co,rt.

PENALTY CLAUSEViolation of t"e #rovisions of t"is act &s"all ,#on conviction *e #enali%ed *0

a $m#risonment of not less t"an ears *,t not more t"an ; rsor

* A 9ne of not less t"an P=&===*,t not more t"an P ==&===.or

c ot"

• $n addition& if t"e #erson is a +ov4tem#loee& "e s"all s,Fer t"e #enalties#rovided ,nder civil service laws& r,lesand re+,lations.

:2 RETROACTIVITY CLAUSE '"is act s"all "ave retroactive eFect insofaas it does not #re-,dice or im#air vested orac3,ired ri+"ts in accordance wit" t"e CiviCode and ot"er laws.

DISTINCTIONS*

RULE=?

R.A. =@ RULE =@

SUBEC'A''ER

C"an+eof Name

ClericalErrorsC"an+eof 9rstnamenic>name.

ClericalErrorsCorrectionof ALANCED 6LAEDC

$N$'$A'ED 5

Petition A:davit Petition

VENUE R'C

w"ere#etitionerresides

A. LCR

w"ere t"erecord*ein+so,+"t to*ecorrectedc"an+edis >e#t...LCRw"ere t"e#etitionerresides.C.

Nearestcons,laro:ce(if#etitioneris a*road)

R'C

w"ere t"eLCR islocated

8EAR$N<RE1U$REEN'

Necessar

NotnecessarG mereinvesti+ation

Necessar

DEC$S$ON

Co,rtrenders

LCR

Co,rtrenders it

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it

APPEAL 8i+"erco,rts

CivilRe+istrar

spec pro centeno

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