Spatial patterns of fertilityhttp://www.indexmundi.com/map.aspx?v=Birth+rate(births

%2f1%2c000+population) Stats website

Stats

• 133,121,000 babies were born in the year 2000. In countries with the fewest births per person, more people are dying than are being born. As with all population statistics, even this vital one, figures are rough estimates.

• More children are born each year in Africa than are born in the Americas, all of Europe and Japan put together. Worldwide, more than a third of a million new people will be born on your birthday this year.

Fertility Rates Choropleth Map

Distorted total birth s map

Fertility Issues Fertility is the number of people who are born per child bearing woman

Crude Birth Rate is the total number of live births a year for every 1000 people of the population

CBR is related to the following

• Levels of Economic Development

• Population structure (balance of young/old population)

• Status of women

• Religion and social customs

• Levels of Healthcare

Question

With reference to the Map– analyse the distribution pattern of the global fertility levels.

1. Look at areas of high fertility where are they – give named examples of countries – are their any patterns/similarities appearing?

2. Look at the areas of low fertility, where are they – give named examples of countries – are their any patterns/similarities appearing?

3. What about the in-between-ers?

Question

Why is it that the role of women is a key question when thinking about fertility? Explain your answer.

Reasons for low levels of Fertility

Decline of number of people getting married

Delaying the age of marriage

Increasing Education

Status and employment of women

Increasing Education

How can merely an increase in levels of education create a fertility decline in a country?

Uganda

• UGANDA’s population is the fastest growing in East Africa and has the highest total fertility rate (TFR) in Africa.

• Uganda has a population of 29.9 million and a TFR at 7.11.

Japan• http://www.guardian.co.uk/slideshow/page/0,,2058547,00.html Audio

slideshow 3 mins• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5132024.stm?ls Low BR 2006 • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7096092.stm Status of Women• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7084749.stm Ageing and rural • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6733097.stm Japan's elderly are

urged to work • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7472140.stm 2008 BBC article

• Japan's fertility rate has sunk to a record low.

• The rate, was 1.25 in 2005, down from 1.29 in 2004. The declining rate threatens to leave Japan with a labour shortage, a reduced tax base and a strained pension system.

• Japan's government last year began a five-year project to lift the rate, building more day-care centres and encouraging men's paternity leave.

• Many Japanese women say it is social attitudes, rather than policies, which put them off getting married or having children. Men are still expected to spend long hours at the office and little time at home, while there is pressure on women to give up work when they have children.

• Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, although birth rates are also falling in European countries. The average in developed countries is 1.6. Demographers say a rate of 2.1 is needed to keep Japan's population from declining.

Japan

http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20070912/japan-aging-robots.htm

Japan looks to Robots to substitute for shrinking workforce

What Does Population Change Mean for Business?

Life Impact The University of AdelaideSlide 38

Children and Pets in JapanSource: Fujiwara 2007

Australia

• Australians are producing babies at the fastest rate for 36 years, creating a future workforce that will help relieve the economic strain of its ageing population.

• Preliminary figures released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that the number of births in Australia in 2006 was 265,922, the highest since 1971.

• However, while families are cooing over their newborns, the ABS report also showed that 2006 had the highest number of registered deaths on record at 133,900.

Russia

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5056672.stm Declining population

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6990802.stm Prize being offered

EU

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4768644.stm Europe’s Baby Blues

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4837422.stm Stats

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4786160.stm Norway BR Inc

China

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6631471.stm BR?

Total Fertility Rate

• Why is a TFR of 2.1 considered a replacement rate?

Read Falling Fertility Rates on p244-5• List 5 reasons why TFRs tend to be

higher in LEDCs• Explain why the TFR has dropped in

MEDCs like in Europe and Japan.

China v Peru

• Answer Questions 4.50, 4.51, 4.52 & 4.53 on p248.

Short Answer

• Describe and account for the global distribution of birth rates. (You must use references of a global nature here eg. location on continents.)

• Under a clear new heading for each continent, list the characteristics of each continent in terms of both birth rates and death rates. Outline the likely rate of population growth on each of the continents.

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Interactive game

• http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes/Content%20Generator%20Quizzes/Multiple%20Choice%20Quizzes/Year%2011/Year%2011%20Population/Population.swf 15 MC qus