spatial indices of upwelling 1) coastal topography
Post on 20-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spatial Indices of Upwelling
1) Coastal Topography
![Page 2: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Premise
• Average spatial patterns of coastal ocean processes are strongly influenced by topography and bathymetry
![Page 3: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How to quantify coastal topography?
![Page 4: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
‘Coastal Anomaly’
Broitman and Kinlan 2006 MEPS, In press
![Page 5: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bays Headlands
![Page 6: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
(Embayments)
0
-1.0
+1.0
(Headlands)
Norm
alized residual from sm
oothed coast
COASTAL STRUCTURE
Alo
ng
-co
ast
Dis
tan
ce (
km)
Scale of Smoothing (km)
![Page 7: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Smoothing Scale=1000 km
COASTAL STRUCTURE
![Page 8: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Smoothing Scale=50 km
COASTAL STRUCTURE
![Page 9: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
S. Africa WNAChile
Coastal Topographic IndexCoastal Topographic Index
![Page 10: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Easily calculated• Data readily available• Arbitrarily high
resolution• Can index processes
at multiple scales
• Indirect index; index of upwelling or any other process depends on nature of coupling
• Not dynamic (no time component)
• Oversimplified?
ConsPros
![Page 11: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SST
![Page 12: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Spatial Indices of Upwelling
2) SST-derived indices
![Page 13: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
time
longitude
lati
tude
Coastal SST
![Page 14: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Latitudinal mean at each pixel
![Page 15: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Topographic Index and dSST Spatial Series
![Page 16: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
C) Topo vs. Δ SST C) Topo vs. Δ SST
Correlation between Topo and dSST indices
![Page 17: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Correlation with Bakun Regional Index
![Page 18: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ecosystem Structure
![Page 19: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Spatial patterns of kelp and phytoplankton
Biomass
Areal cover
![Page 20: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
chl-a vs. kelp
Spatial Cross-Correlations
![Page 21: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A) Topo vs. kelpA) Topo vs. kelp
B) Topo vs. chl-aB) Topo vs. chl-a
C) Topo vs. Δ SST C) Topo vs. Δ SST
Spatial Cross-Correlations
![Page 22: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Jones et al 1988, Cont Shelf Res
![Page 23: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Approximately the same characteristic scaleApproximately the same characteristic scale
Alongcoast scales: Variogram Analysis
![Page 24: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Variable Nugget (SE) Sill (SE) Range (SE) (km)
Kelp 0.35 (0.09) 0.65 (0.09) 188 (100)
Chl-a 0.13 (0.08) 0.87 (0.08) 178 (34)
ΔSST† 0.008 (0.007) 0.992 (0.007) 151 (18)
Coast Anomaly 0.04 (0.03) 0.96 (0.03) 161 (40)
Alongcoast scales: Variogram Analysis
![Page 25: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Onshore Community Patterns
![Page 26: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
South Africa58 sites along 2000 km of coast
WNA73 sites
along 6000 km of coast
Chile26 sites
1000 km of coast
![Page 27: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
xcorr: Urchin GSI vs. Topographic Index
smoothing scale for topographic index (km)
corr
ela
tion
co
eff.
What scale of coastal features matter to the What scale of coastal features matter to the process you’re interested in?process you’re interested in?
Correlation between variable of interest and topographic index at each smoothing scale
![Page 28: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Along-coast Lag Distance (km)
Cro
ss-C
orre
lati
onScale of pattern is just part of the questionScale of pattern is just part of the question
Peak @ 15 km in the poleward direction
![Page 29: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Correlations with Coastal Anomaly – South AfricaCorrelations with Coastal Anomaly – South Africa
![Page 30: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Correlation with Coastal Anomaly – MusselsCorrelation with Coastal Anomaly – Mussels
CHILE SOUTH AFRICA
![Page 31: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Chile – Upwelling-Recruitment Dynamics Seen in Bare Space?
![Page 32: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Coastal Topography and Physical ForcingCoastal Topography and Physical Forcing
CHILE SOUTH AFRICA
![Page 33: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Correlation with Coastal Anomaly: MusselsCorrelation with Coastal Anomaly: Mussels
CHILE SOUTH AFRICA
![Page 34: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Correlation with Coastal Anomaly: Trophic GrpsCorrelation with Coastal Anomaly: Trophic Grps
CHILE SOUTH AFRICA
![Page 35: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Long-term Average Recruitment vs. Topography at 21 Coastal Sites
Green=Chthamalus
Black=Balanus
![Page 36: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Balanus
r2=0.84, p<0.0001
Multiple regression with:
Topo10km, Topo150km, Coastal Coordinate (linear latitudinal trend)
![Page 37: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Other processes correlated with topography
![Page 39: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Aside… Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Data Integration & Complex Hypothesis Testing
![Page 41: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Santa Barbara
Offshore Ocean Nearshore Ocean
Site 3
Site 4
Site 2
Site 1
Offshore
Larval
Pool
![Page 42: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Santa Barbara
Offshore Ocean Nearshore Ocean
Recruitment
Offshore
Larval
Pool
Sea Temp (SST)
ChlorophyllA
Current
Current
Current
Current
Recruitment
Recruitment
Recruitment
16 points in time, each describing previous month
![Page 43: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
0, 1, m2
Rit~Poisson(FtHitei)
k,S
Likelihood:
Parameters:
Priors:N(0,10-3)
vague
Data: SSTt-TS GitRit
IG(10-3,10-3)vagueN(0,10-3)
vague
Links: Ft = k + S TS*SSTt-TS Logit(Hit)= 0+1Git+g
g ~N(0,m2)
i~N(0,2)
IG(2,10)informative
2
TS=0
2
i = space index , t = time index
OffshoreLarval Pool
OnshoreDelivery
Combine theseto get Recruitment
![Page 44: Spatial Indices of Upwelling 1) Coastal Topography](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d4f5503460f94a2eb6c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Chl , gate+errror, Gamma
SST , gate+errror, Gamma
SST , gate+errror,
Poisson
SST , gate+errror,
Poisson, site effects