sparta ancient greece ancient greece. geography in a valley surrounded by mountains. in a valley...

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Sparta Sparta Ancient Greece Ancient Greece

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SpartaSparta

Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

GeographyGeography

In a valley surrounded by In a valley surrounded by mountains.mountains.

Rich, fertile soil.Rich, fertile soil.

How does Sparta benefit from the How does Sparta benefit from the surrounding mountains?surrounding mountains?

Societal OrganizationSocietal Organization

Top- KingsTop- Kings

Upper Middle – CitizensUpper Middle – Citizens

Lower Middle - PerioikoiLower Middle - Perioikoi

Bottom - HelotsBottom - Helots

Plato: “The organization of your state is Plato: “The organization of your state is that of an army camp, not a town.”that of an army camp, not a town.”

SpartaSparta

Citizens were free males who were Citizens were free males who were at least 30 years old at least 30 years old

All Citizens could vote in the All Citizens could vote in the assemblyassembly

All Citizens, who reached the age All Citizens, who reached the age of 60, joined the Council of Eldersof 60, joined the Council of Elders

Council of Elders proposed laws to Council of Elders proposed laws to the assemblythe assembly

Government –OligarchyGovernment –Oligarchy– The rule of a fewThe rule of a few– Small groups makes all the Small groups makes all the

decisions (Votes were made decisions (Votes were made by shouting)by shouting)

– 2 Kings and 28 citizens 2 Kings and 28 citizens (Council of Elders)(Council of Elders)

Council of Elders

Assembly

Proposed laws

Voted for laws

Spartan SocietySpartan Society

Focus on the Focus on the PhysicalPhysical– Military Class Military Class

SystemSystem– Feared Helots Feared Helots

(slaves)(slaves) Outnumbered 10-Outnumbered 10-

11

continuecontinue

Life revolved around Life revolved around toughness & militarytoughness & military– Sickly babies left to dieSickly babies left to die– 7-30 in military training7-30 in military training– 20 – Regular military but able to 20 – Regular military but able to

marrymarry Lived in barracksLived in barracks

Spartan WomenSpartan Women

– Trained for physical Trained for physical endurance (fit endurance (fit mothers, fit babies)mothers, fit babies)

– Ran farms while the Ran farms while the men foughtmen fought

Lifestyles of the Lifestyles of the Spartan CitizenSpartan Citizen

No jewelryNo jewelry

No precious No precious metalsmetals

Only necessary Only necessary possesionspossesions

Values of the Spartan Values of the Spartan CitizenCitizen Unquestioning Unquestioning

ObedienceObedience

CourageCourage

Indifference to Indifference to pain, cold or heatpain, cold or heat

How did they live as How did they live as invincible warriors?invincible warriors?

Never risked a battle they Never risked a battle they thought they could not winthought they could not win

Only distinction is military honor Only distinction is military honor in battlein battle

Spartan “Childhood”Spartan “Childhood”

Only necessary schoolingOnly necessary schooling

Provoked to fightProvoked to fight

Taken from home at sevenTaken from home at seven

Put in herdsPut in herds

““To bring these things they steal, To bring these things they steal, some going into gardens and some going into gardens and others insinuating themselves others insinuating themselves dangerously and cautiously into dangerously and cautiously into the men’s messes. If anyone is the men’s messes. If anyone is caught, he is given many lashes caught, he is given many lashes with the whip”with the whip”

Helots – Sparta’s Helots – Sparta’s ProblemProblem Constantly feared uprisingConstantly feared uprising

Spartan boys spied on themSpartan boys spied on them

Attacked them regularlyAttacked them regularly

Had to keep standing army to Had to keep standing army to maintain themmaintain them

What is Spartan art?What is Spartan art?

Poetry incites warriors to fightPoetry incites warriors to fight

Music was for war and religionMusic was for war and religion

Even art depicts the gods in Even art depicts the gods in chainschains

Spartan vs. Non Spartan vs. Non Spartan PoetrySpartan Poetry Is anything worth dying for? If so, Is anything worth dying for? If so,

what?what?

““Shove your shield in the face of Shove your shield in the face of the enemy, hating life and the enemy, hating life and embracing death’s dark spirits embracing death’s dark spirits like the sun’s rays . . .” Tyrtaeuslike the sun’s rays . . .” Tyrtaeus

““Some Thracian is flaunting the Some Thracian is flaunting the shield I left thoughtlessly by the shield I left thoughtlessly by the brush, an flawless piece. So what? brush, an flawless piece. So what? I saved myself.” Archilochus I saved myself.” Archilochus