spark cassandra connector: past, present and furure

Spark Cassandra Connector: Past, Present and Future

Spark Cassandra Connector

Past, Present and Future

Brian HessSr. Product Manager, Analytics

DataStax

The Past: Hadoop and C*

3

You

Hadoop integration with C* required a bit of knowledge and was generally not very easy.

Map Reduce Code

public static class ReducerToCassandra extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Map<String, ByteBuffer>, List<ByteBuffer>> { private Map<String, ByteBuffer> keys; private ByteBuffer key; protected void setup(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { keys = new LinkedHashMap<String, ByteBuffer>(); }

public void reduce(Text word, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { int sum = 0; for (IntWritable val : values) sum += val.get(); keys.put("word", ByteBufferUtil.bytes(word.toString())); context.write(keys, getBindVariables(word, sum)); }

private List<ByteBuffer> getBindVariables(Text word, int sum) { List<ByteBuffer> variables = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>(); variables.add(ByteBufferUtil.bytes(String.valueOf(sum))); return variables; } }

Hadoop Interfaces are … difficult

4© 2015. All Rights Reserved.

https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/trunk/examples/hadoop_cql3_word_count/src/WordCount.java

Even simple integration with a Hadoop cluster took a lot of experience to get right.


public static class ReducerToCassandra extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Map<String, ByteBuffer>, List<ByteBuffer>> { private Map<String, ByteBuffer> keys; private ByteBuffer key; protected void setup(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { keys = new LinkedHashMap<String, ByteBuffer>(); }

public void reduce(Text word, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { int sum = 0; for (IntWritable val : values) sum += val.get(); keys.put("word", ByteBufferUtil.bytes(word.toString())); context.write(keys, getBindVariables(word, sum)); }

private List<ByteBuffer> getBindVariables(Text word, int sum) { List<ByteBuffer> variables = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>(); variables.add(ByteBufferUtil.bytes(String.valueOf(sum))); return variables; } }

Hadoop Interfaces are … difficult



Well at least you have Pig built in right?moredata = load 'cql://cql3ks/compmore' USING CqlNativeStorage;insertformat = FOREACH moredata GENERATE TOTUPLE (TOTUPLE('a',x),TOTUPLE('b',y), TOTUPLE('c',z)),TOTUPLE(data);STORE insertformat INTO 'cql://cql3ks/compotable?output_query=UPDATE%20cql3ks.compotable%20SET%20d%20%3D%20%3F' USING CqlNativeStorage;

Even simple integration with a Hadoop cluster took a lot of experience to get right.


Spark Offers a New Path


Core Libraries for ML/StreamingNo need for HDFS/HadoopEasy integration with other Data Sources

val lines = sc.textFile("data.txt")val pairs = lines.map(s => (s, 1))val counts = pairs.reduceByKey((a, b) => a + b)

RDD Api

df.groupBy("age").count().show()

Dataframes Api

head(filter(df, df$waiting < 50))

R Api

SELECT name FROM people

SQL API

Driver

Executor

Enter The Spark Cassandra Connector


First Public Release at the Spark Summit in June 2014

If you write a Spark application that needs access to

Cassandra, this library is for you-Piotr Kołaczkowski

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector

Open Source Software

1394 Commits28 Contributors

Why do we even want a Distributed Analytics tool?


Why do we even want a Distributed Analytics tool?


• Generating Reports• Direct Analytics on our data• Cassandra Maintenance

• Making new views• Changing partition keys

• Streaming• Machine Learning• ETL Data between different sources

We have small questions and big questions and they need to work in different ways


How many shoes did Marty buy?

How many shoes were sold last year compared to this year grouped by demographic?

BIG DATA





BIG DATAMarty Purchase History

BIG DATA




All Shoe Data


Part of Shoe Data

When we actually want to work with large amounts of data we break it into parts


Distributed FS/databases already do this for us

Node1 Node2 Node3 Node4

Part of Shoe Data Part of Shoe Data Part of Shoe Data

Spark describes underlying large multi-machine sets of data using The RDD (Resilient Distributed Dataset)


RDD

Part of Shoe Data



Spark Partitions

In Cassandra this distribution is mapped out by token ranges


1 - 10000 10001-20000 20001-30000 30001 - 40000

Tokens

Part of Shoe Data



This distribution is key to how Cassandra handles OLTP Requests


SELECT amount from orders where customer = martyID

1 - 10000 10001-20000 20001-30000 30001 - 40000

Tokens

Part of Shoe Data




martyId -> Token -> 3470

Lookup Data for marty

The Connector Maps Cassandra Tokens to Spark Partitions


sc.cassandraTable("keyspace","tablename")

1 - 10000 10001-20000 30001 - 40000Tokens

Part of Shoe Data



20001-30000

00001-

02500

02501-

05000

05001-

07500

07501-

10000

CassandraRDD10001

-12500

12501-

15000

15001-

17500

17501-

20000

20001-

22500

22501-

25000

25001-

27500

27501-

30000

30001-

32500

32501-

35000

35001-

37500

37501-

40000

This allows for Node Local operations!


sc.cassandraTable("keyspace","tablename")

10001-20000 30001 - 40000Tokens

Node2 Node3 Node4


20001-30000

CassandraRDD10001

-12500

12501-

15000

15001-

17500

17501-

20000

20001-

22500

22501-

25000

25001-

27500

27501-

30000

30001-

32500

32501-

35000

35001-

37500

37501-

40000

Under the Hood the Spark Cassandra Connector Uses the Java Driver to pull Information from C*


Check out my videos on Datastax Academy For a Deep Dive!

https://academy.datastax.com/tutorialshttps://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-cassandra-connector-reads-datahttps://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-cassandra-connector-writes-datahttps://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-works-dsestandalone-mode

https://academy.datastax.com/tutorials

https://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-cassandra-connector-reads-data

https://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-cassandra-connector-writes-data

https://academy.datastax.com/demos/how-spark-works-dsestandalone-mode

The Present:Capabilities and Features


Official Releases for Spark 1.0 - 1.4Milestone Release for 1.5

Read Cassandra Data into RDDsWrite RDDs into Cassandra


RDD[Letter]

case class Letter(mailbox: Int, body: String, fromuser: String, : touser: String)

CREATE TABLE important.letters ( mailbox int, touser text, fromuser text, body text, PRIMARY KEY ((mailbox), touser, fromuser));

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/2_loading.md

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/5_saving.md





RDD[Letter]sc.cassandraTable[Letter]("important","letters")









RDD[Letter]sc.cassandraTable[Letter]("important","letters")

rdd.saveToCassandra("important","letters")







Ability to push down relevant filters to the C* Server



https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/3_selection.md





Partition for Mailbox 1 Partition for Mailbox 2

Orde

red

by

tous

er





mailbox: 2touser: martyfromuser: docbody: It's your kids, Marty. Something gotta be done about your kids!

mailbox: 1touser: docfromuser: martybody: What happens to us in the future?

mailbox: 1touser: lorrainefromuser: martybody: Calvin? Wh… Why do you keep calling me calvin



Orde

red

by

tous

er





sc.cassandraTable("important", "letters") .select("body") .where("touser = >", "einstein") .collect





Orde

red

by

tous

er





28© 2015. All Rights Reserved.Select lets us only request certain columns from C*






Orde

red

by

tous

er





29© 2015. All Rights Reserved.Where lets us put in CQL Predicates that are allowed






Orde

red

by

tous

er





30© 2015. All Rights Reserved.https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/3_selection.md

Only the data we specifically request is pulled form C*





Orde

red

by

tous

er




Java API Support


JavaRDD<Double> pricesRDD = javaFunctions(sc) .cassandraTable("important", "letters", mapColumnTo(Letter.class)) .select("body");

All functionality introduced in the Scala API is also available in the Java API

javaFunctions(rdd).writerBuilder( "important", "letters", mapToRow(Letters.class)).saveToCassandra();

Reading

Writing

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/7_java_api.md

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/7_java_api.md


But what if you want to work with brand newDataframes?

Full Dataframes Support : org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra


Dataframes (aka SchemaRDDs) provide a new and moregeneric api for working with RDD's

val df = sqlContext .read .format("org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra") .options(

Map( "keyspace" -> "important", "table" -> "letters"))

.load()

Reading

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/14_data_frames.md






.load()

CREATE TABLE letters USING org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra OPTIONS ( keyspace "important", table "letters" )

Reading







.load()


Reading

Writing

df.write .format("org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra") .options( Map( "keyspace" -> "important", "table" -> "letters" )) .save()







.load()


Reading

Writing


CREATE TABLE letters_copy USING org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra OPTIONS ( keyspace "important", table "letters_copy" )

INSERT INTO TABLE letters_copy SELECT * FROM letters;




.load()


Reading

Writing


CREATE TABLE letters_copy USING org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra OPTIONS ( keyspace "important", table "letters_copy" )

INSERT INTO TABLE letters_copy SELECT * FROM letters;

Full Dataframes Support

37© 2015. All Rights Reserved.https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/14_data_frames.md

Backed By CassandraRDDSo we can prune

and pushdown predicates!

Integrated Pushdown of Predicates to C* in Dataframes


There is no need for special functions when using Dataframes since the pushdown is done by the Catalyst

optimizer



scala> df.filter( "touser > 'einstein'").explain== Physical Plan ==Filter (touser#1 > einstein) PhysicalRDD [mailbox#0,touser#1,fromuser#2,body#3], MapPartitionsRDD[6] at explain at <console>:59

Automatically Checked Against C* rules for pushing downpredicates. Valid predicates will be applied as if you did a

.where on CassandraRDD.

Pyspark and Dataframes Also Supported


Dataframes in PySpark run Native Code, no need for Python <-> Java Serialization

sqlContext.read\ .format("org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra")\ .options(table="kv", keyspace="test")\ .load().show()

You can tell it's python because of

my need to escape line ends

Pure Python in Pyspark PySpark Dataframes!

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/15_python.md

Pyspark and Dataframes Also Supported

40© 2015. All Rights Reserved. https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/15_python.md

sqlContext.read\ .format("org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra")\ .options(table="kv", keyspace="test")\ .load().show()

You can tell it's python because of

my need to escape line ends

Pure Python in Pyspark PySpark Dataframes!

SparkR Also Works with Cassandra Dataframes!

Repartition by Cassandra Replica


Repartition any RDD to get Data Locality to C*!https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/2_loading.md

1955 1985 2015

RDD

Spark Partitions Located on Different Nodes than Their Respective C* Data




1955 1985 2015




1955 1985 2015

mailboxesToCheck .repartitionByCassandraReplica("important", "letters", 10)

JoinWithCassandraTable pulls specific Partition Keys From Cassandra


mailboxesToCheck .repartitionByCassandraReplica("important", "letters", 10) .joinWithCassandraTable("important","letters")


Mailbox13234Mailbox13234






Mailbox13234







Mailbox13234







Mailbox13234







Mailbox13234


Several thousand mailboxes









Mailbox13234







Mailbox13234






Mailbox13234 Mailbox2341Mailbox13234




Mailbox13234Mailbox13234Mailbox13234







Repartition places our keys local to the data they will

retrieve









Mailbox13234







Mailbox13234






Mailbox13234 Mailbox2341Mailbox13234




Mailbox13234Mailbox13234Mailbox13234







The Join then retrieves the rows in parallel


Manual Driver Sessions are available!

47© 2015. All Rights Reserved. https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/1_connecting.md

import com.datastax.spark.connector.cql.CassandraConnector

CassandraConnector(conf).withSessionDo { session => session.execute("CREATE KEYSPACE test2 WITH REPLICATION = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': 1 }") session.execute("CREATE TABLE test2.words (word text PRIMARY KEY, count int)")}

Any Connections Made through CassandraConnector will use a Connection pool (even remotely!)


CassandraConnector(conf).withSessionDo {}

Gains a handle on a running Cluster object made with

Configuration conf

Executor Thread 2

Executor Thread 3

Executor Thread1

Executor JVMCassandra Connection

Pool

Cassandra Connection

Pool

Any Connections Made through CassandraConnector will use a Connection pool (even remotely!)


Multiple threads/executor cores will end up using the

same Connection

Executor Thread 2

Executor Thread 3Executor JVM

Cluster

CassandraConnector(conf).withSessionDo {}

Executor Thread1

Cassandra Connector can be used in Closuresand Prepared Statements will be Cached as well


rdd.mapPartitions{ it => CassandraConnector.withSessionDo( session => ps = session.prepare(query) ) }

Reference to already created prepared statement will be used if

available

Cassandra Connection

PoolExecutor Thread 2

Executor Thread 3Executor JVM

Cluster

Prepared Statement CacheExecutor Thread1

What is the Future of the Spark Cassandra Connector?


You!


The more people that contribute to the project the better it will become! We welcome any contributions or just send us a letter on the mailing list!

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector/blob/master/doc/FAQ.md#can-i-contribute-to-the-spark-cassandra-connector

Spark Packages!


http://spark-packages.org/package/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector

Update Even Faster to New Spark Versions


We'll be testing against Spark Release Candidates in the future so that we can have a compatibleSpark Cassandra Connectors out the moment an official Spark Release is ready!

Even better Dataframes


Automatic integration of repartitionByCassandra andjoinWithCassandraTable

Make it that any joins against Cassandra Tablesare automatically detected, and if possible converted to JoinWithCassandraTable calls. No need to manually determinewhen you should or shouldn't use the method.

Create Cassandra Tables from Dataframes AutomaticallyCurrently all tables need to have been created in C* prior to saving, we'd like it ifusers could specify what kind of key they would like on their C* table and have it automatically generated on data frame writes.

Improve Spark-Cassandra-Stress

56© 2015. All Rights Reserved.https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-stress

Open source tool which lets you test maximum throughputof your cluster with Spark and C*

• Write Tests • Read Tests • Streaming Tests

Includes!

https://github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-stress

Thank you

spark cassandra connector: past, present and furure

Technology