Spanish Rule Ends in TexasMain Idea: Spain begins to lose its control

of Texas as American filibusters and Mexican revolutionaries threaten Spanish

authority.

Americans Migrate to Texas

• Spain opened the door to Americans for colonization, beginning the Spanish Colonial era of Texas• Filibusters – individuals who carried

out rebellious activities in a foreign countryi. Plotted to seize control of Texas

Americans Migrate to Texas

ii. Philip Nolan – Irishman and mustanger (one who captures and

sells wild horses) from Louisiana

1. Suspected of spying for U.S. Army2. Ordered to leave Texas, but returns

anyway and is killed in battle.3. His men are captured and taken to

prison in Mexico City; Peter Bean only survivor; later set free

“MUSTANGER” – one who captures and sells wild horses

PETER BEAN

The Hidalgo Revolution

• September 16, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla issues the grito de delores, or “Cry of Delores” for independence from Spain

*NOTE: Father Miguel Hidalgo ≠ Father Francisco Hidalgo (no relation)

A painting of Father Hidalgo

The Hidalgo Revolution

i. He asks the Mexican people to revolt

ii. He is captured in 1811 and executed

iii. He inspires others to take up arms

The Hidalgo RevolutionAssignment: Write down the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Use your notes and pp. 144-148 to correctly answer the following questions in complete sentences.

i.Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo (identify)?ii.Why were Mexican citizens so unhappy with Spanish rule?iii.What did Father Hidalgo want the people of Mexico to do? (explain)iv.What did Father Hidalgo mean by “a new dispensation”?v.What was the outcome of Father Hidalgo’s grito for independence from Spain?

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition

• Bernardo Jose Gutierrez de Lara is a rebel (former Hidalgo supporter) from Mexico; recruits American Augustus Magee from U.S. Army for help in liberation, or freeing of Texas from Spain

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition

• Inspired by the American Revolution, they want to form a republic where voters choose people who represent them• In August 1812, they call their force

the “Republican Army of the North”• In February 1813, Magee dies and is

replaced any another American, Samuel Kemper

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition• On March 29, 1813, the Republican Army

defeats Spanish troops, captures San Antonio and issues a declaration of independence for Texas.

• BUT, in August 1813 the Republican Army is soundly defeated by the Spanish Army led by General Joaquin de Arredondo at the Battle of Medina, near the Medina River north of San Antonio. They kill/execute most of the Republican Army.

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition• Significance of Medina: This battle stopped

the early Texas Revolution in its tracks being a major defeat for the Republican Army.

The Long Invasion

• James Long is a filibuster from Mississippi who tries to free Texas from Spaini. Captures Nacogdoches, declares Texas

free and independent; elected president

ii. Tries to recruit help from Jean Lafitte (we will learn about him tomorrow!)

iii. He is later captured at Goliad, taken to Mexico City; killed by a guard

JAMES LONG

The Long Invasion

• Jane, his wife, along with Kian, her servant, hold off Karankawa Indiansi. She later becomes wealthy

landowner in Texasii. Known historically as the “Mother of

Texas”

JANE LONG

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico

• In 1817, Governor Antonio Martinez, the last Spanish governor of Texas, pleads for more troops in the San Antonio. Storehouses were empty, there was a lack of food, and a lack of money from the paymaster for troops.

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico

• September 1821: Mexico officially becomes independent from Spain• The Spanish Colonial era ends, and

the Mexican National era begins

MEXICO 1821

MEXICO 1821

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico

• Spain ruled Texas for nearly 300 years, but resulted in only a few successful settlements.i. San Antonio, Goliad, Nacogdoches,

Ysleta, Laredo

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico

• Why did Spain fail to settle Texas???i. No GOLD or SILVERii. Spanish settlers preferred MEXICOiii. DISTANCEiv. Texas INDIANS were unfriendly

Assignment Today

1. Summary #2– Turn in when complete.

2. Work on: Hidalgo Revolution Q&A Chapter 6 Timeline Chapter 6 People ID