spanish grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
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SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKS
Margarita Mulvey
2ND period
12/2/10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Ser2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expression5. Preterite6. Trigger Words7. Car Gar Zar 8. Spock Verbs9. Cucharach Verbs10. Snake 11. Snakeys12. Commands13. Irregular14. DOP’s 15. IOP’s16. Se Impersonal
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SER
Description ?Que Es?
Origin ?De donde es?
Characteristics ?Como es?
Time ?Que hora es?
Occupation ?Que hace?
Relationships ?Quien es?
Possession ?De quien es?
Events ?Cuando/donde es?
Dates ?Ques dia es hoy?
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ESTAR
Health ?Como Estas?
Emotions ?Como Estas?
Location ?Donde Estas?
Present Condition ?Como Esta?
I ?Que…
N Estas…
G Haciendo?
Ar-ando
Er/Ir- endo
- yendo
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HACER EXPRESSION
Present Tense Since and ForPreterite Tense Ago
Hace + Time + Que + Verb
hace cinco dias que tuve un problema con mi arbol de Navidad.
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VERBS LIKE GUSTAR
Me Gusta
GustanGustar To Like
Te Falta
FaltanFaltar To be
Lacking
Le Duele
DuelenDoler(ue) To hurt
Nos Fascina
FascinanFascinar To
Fascinate
Les Molesta
MolestanMolestar To bother
Me duele la cabeza
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PRETERITE• A definite time in the
past with a beginning and/or ending.
FORM HABLAR COMER ESCRIBIR
Yo Hable Comi Escribi
Tu Hablaste Comiste Escribiste
Usted Hablo Comio Escribio
Nosortros Hablamos Comimos Escribimos
Ustedes Hablaron Comiero Escribieron
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PRETERITE CONTINUED…
e i
aste iste
o io
amos imos
aron ieron
The Preterite Song
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TRIGGER WORDS• Hace dos dias: 2 days ago• En ese momento: in that moment/ then• Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries• Desde el primer momento: from the first moment• Estonces: then • Esta noche: tonight• Esta tarde: this afternoon• Una vez: one time/ once• El otro dia: the other day• Ayer por la manana: yesterday morning • El fin de semana pasado: last weekend• El lunes pasado: last weekend• El dia anterior: the day before• El miercoles: On Wednesday• A las ocho: At 8 o’clock• Anteayer: day before yesterday• Ayer: yesterday
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CAR-GAR-ZAR
Tocar Jugar ComenzarToque Jugue Comence
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Toco Jugo Comenzo
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugar Comenzaron
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SPOCK VERBS
H a c e r
V
E
R
D
A
R
S
E
R
I
R
SHARE THE SAME ENDING
STAY IN THE SAME CONJUGATION
BY ITSELF
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EXAMPLE OF SPOCK VERBS
IR/SERTO GO
HACERTO DO/MAKE
DARTO GIVE
VERTO SEE
Fui Hice Di Vi
Fuiste Hiciste Diste Viste
Fue Hizo Dio Vio
Fuimos Hicimos Dimor Vimos
Fueron Hicieron Dieron Vieron
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CUCARACHA VERBS
1. Andar- aduv2. Estar- estuv3. Poder-pud4. Poner- pus5. Querer- quis6. Saber- sup7. Tener- tuv8. Venir- vin9. Conducir-conduj10.Producir-produj11.Traducir- traduj12.Decir-dij13.Traer- traj
•e •imos
•iste •isteies
•o •ieron
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SNAKES
Yo NosotrosDormi Dormimos
Tu VosotrosDormiste Dormisteis
Usted ella y el Ustedes, ellas, y ellos
Durmio Durmieron
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SNAKEYS
• Stem changing verbs in preterite. Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change from I to y in 3rd person.
Lei
Leiste
Leyo
Leimos
Leisteis
Leyeron
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COMMANDS• DOP+IOP can attatch to an affirmative command.• DOP + IOP must go before the nagative command
Form Affirmatives Negatives
Tu Simply drop the
‘s’
Put it in you form and change to opposite vowel add an s
Usted/
Ustedes
Put it in yo form and change to the opposite vowel.
Put it in you form and change to the opposite vowel.
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IRREGULARTengo – tenga
Venir- venga
Dar- de
Ir - vaya
Ser- sea
Hacer- haga
Estar- este
Saber- sepa
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DOPs• Answer the question:
what is receiving the direct action of the verb.
• DOP’s are: lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se
• You have to have a DOP in order to have an IOP, but in a sentence the DOP goes after the IOP.
DOP’s can hook onto verb ONLY in three cases:
1. Infinitive-I se voy a la tienda
2. Affirmative commands-!Abrazarlo!
3. Gerunds/ present progressive-!Beberla!
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IOPs• Answers to questions: To who or for whom.
• To have an IOP you must first have a DOP.
I stole it from him.
verb^ ^DOP ^IOP
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SE IMPERSONAL
• Use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of verb.
» Se vende fruta en la fruteria.
• When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.
» Aqui se habla espanol.
• Se can be used in all tenses. 1. Se hizo mucho
2. Se hara mucho
3. Se habia hecho