Spanish Conquistadors and Colonies

Spanish empire by the 1600’s

consisted of the part of North

AmericaCentral America

Caribbean Islands Much of South

America.

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization

ExplorersConquistadores

Mis

sionar

ies

Permanent Settlers

EuropeanColonialEmpire

Hernando CortésHernando Cortés

First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsFirst Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs

Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico.

Montezuma IIMontezuma II

vs.vs.

Cortes conquers Aztec Empire in 1519

• Cortes found natives who were hostile to the Aztecs- they join forces

• Aztec emperor Moctezuma welcomed him warmly and showered him with gifts

• Residents of Tenochtitlan believed him to be the white-skinned god Quetzalcoatlin

• Good relationship with Moctezuma did not last long

• Cortes captured and jailed the Aztec emperor

• Spanish troops massacred Aztecs during a religious ceremony

• The Aztecs revolted

Things change with Moctezuma

Defeat• Cortes and his troops were pushed back

for a period of time• They returned to Tenochtitlan in 1521 • Spanish troops set up a blockade to deny

food and water to the Aztecs• Smallpox had also weakened the Aztecs• Cortes defeated the natives and

destroyed the city

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro

First Spanish Conquests: The IncasFirst Spanish Conquests: The Incas

Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532

AtahualpaAtahualpa

vs.vs.

FRANCISCO PIZARRO CONQUERS THE INCA (1532)

•Gained Native American allies

•Despite resistance, Spanish gained control of much of South America including Peru, Ecuador & Chile

•Incas paid it in gold, but Altahualpa was killed anyway

•Spanish demanded a huge ransom for the ruler

•Captured Altahualpa (Inca Emperor) after slaughtering thousands of his followers

This poem was written by an unknown Aztec in 1523

“And all this happened to usWe saw it all,We were amazedWith this sad and tragic fortune,.We see ourselves anguished,Broken spears lie in the road;We have torn out our hair in grief.The houses are roofless flow, and their walls are red with blood”

The Conquistadors

I. Advantages for the Aztecs/Incas1. Familiarity with geography.2. Greater food supply.3. Larger number of soldiers.4. Rely on citizens produce food, train soldiers, make weapons.

II. Advantages for Spain1. Superior technology & equipment

A. Horses, guns & armor.2. Alliances with conquered peoples

A. Had a common enemy.B. Helped fight with the Spanish.

3. Disease smallpox brought to South America.III. Hernando Cortes

1. Conquered the Aztecs – 15192. Moctezuma Aztec leader who was killed.3. Motives religion & wealth

IV. Francisco Pizarro1. Conquered the Incas – 15322. Captured Incan Emperor Athualpa.

A. Incas collapsed with no strong leader.3. Spain takes Inca gold.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas.

Interaction with Natives created led to big cultural changes

Exchange of physical elements:

Plants Animals Disease

* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey* Cashew * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Guinea Pig* Cocoa * Pineapple * Beans * POTATO * Lamas* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis

* Olives * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley* Grape s * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria* Diptheria * Whooping Cough

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa

Conquistador Recap

Who were the conquistadors?Who were the conquistadors?What did they do?What did they do?When did they live?When did they live?Where did they conquer?Where did they conquer?Why did they conquer?Why did they conquer?