Spain's Powerful Empire

Philip II Wealth

390,000 pounds of Gold

16,000 tons of silver

Philip claimed 25% of all this

Used it to Finance his 50,000 Army

Defender of Catholicism

Deeply Religious- Monastery in his Palace1571 the pope Asked for help against the Ottoman Turks, Philip’s fleet of 250 ships won at Lepanto1588 Sent the Armada to attack Protestant EnglandIt failed ( That’s why we are still speaking English)

Problems weaken the Empire

Inflation & Taxes- 1.Silver floods the market,2. Looses valuable artisans & business men when he expels Jews &Moors, 3.Nobles did not have to pay taxes

Sent money to enemies – 1. People bought goods from France, England, & Netherlands because it was cheaper,2. Borrowed money from Italian & German Bankers

Continued

Dutch Revolt

Protestants vs Catholics

Won by flooding the countryside

1579 Netherlands Protestant

Belgium Catholic

Absolutism

Try to ensure all power stays in their hands

Divine right- God gives Kings power to act as his representative on earth

Churches loss of power helps monarchs gain more control

Centralization of governments & crisis final piece

France’s Ultimate Monarch

1562-1598 war between Hugenots(Protestant) & CatholicsHenry of Navarre- Hugenot marries a Catholic princess, when she diesHe becomes Henry IV (Bourbon Dynasty)“Paris is well worth a mass”(Turns Catholic)Orders Edict of Nantes (religious tolerance)

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII (weak) hires Cardinal Richelieu (CR) as minister

1.CR makes France strong by forbidding Walls around protestant cities

2.Tears down castles

3.Started 30 year war with the Hapsburgs

The war brings out skepticism-nothing could be ever known for certain

SUN KING-- LOUIS XIV

Cardinal Mazarin is running France when Louis is a boy

At his death Louis takes over (23)

“I am the State”

Limited noble power by making them stay at his palace

Hires Jeane Baptiste Colbert as minister of finance (Mercantilism) Export more than you import

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Versailles

2 billion in 1994 dollars

36,000 laborers

Main- 500 yards

2 wings each 150 yards

2000 rooms

15,000 acres

1400 fountains

Versailles

Disastrous Wars

1660 France 20 million people4 X larger than England10 X larger than NetherlandsArmy 100,000 in peace, 400,000 warFailed in getting the NetherlandsEngland, Spain, Germany form an allianceWar of Spanish Succession

Finished

Everybody against Spain & France

Results – England- big winner

Gibraltar, asiento, Hudson Bay area

2 years later Louis died leaving the country in debt

Abuse of power cursed his heirs & led to eventual revolution

Central European Monarchs clash

30 year war starts in 1618

Protestant vs Catholics (Germany)

30 years of destruction

2 eras Hapsburg Triumphs then defeats

Triumphs- Spain & Austria Win

Defeats- Gustavus Adolphus (military genius) from Sweden drives Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany

The End of the War

France (Catholic) takes the side of the Protestants over fear of a stronger Hapsburg Dynasty

Peace of Westphalia – ends the war (1648

Weakens Spain

France gets German Territory

End religious wars (ends Catholic Empire)

German princes are independent

BEGINS the Modern State System

Central Europe differs from the West

Formation of states slower

Central European nobles hold down serfs

The region is devastated after 30yr war

Exception is Austria is still strong

Conquered Bohemia & took back Hungary from Ottamans

Prussia & Austria Clash

Prussia – Hohenzollerns Family

Build a strong army, Have the nobles (Junkers) as the only officers, starts a military society

Frederick William

Frederick William II (The Great)

Leaders

Austria

Maria Theresa

religious

Married for love

16 kids

Limited nobles power

Helped the peasants

Prussia

Frederic the Great

Athiest

Married for status

No son

Aggressive

War of Austrian Succession

1740 Maria Theresa succeeded her father

Frederick tries to take her Silesia Land

Austria & Britain vs. Prussia & France

She stopped the aggression but lost Silesia

Seven Years War

Maria signed a treaty with the French

So Prussia signs with Britain

The war is fought in Europe, India, North America

Nothing changed in Europe

North America – France lost its colonies to Britain

India- Britain gains full control