spain in america chapter 2, section 2. spanish conquistadors after columbus’ discovery, there was...

Spain In AmericaSpain In AmericaChapter 2, Section 2Chapter 2, Section 2

Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors

After Columbus’ discovery, there was rush After Columbus’ discovery, there was rush of new explorers heading to the “New of new explorers heading to the “New World”World”

Conquistadors were Spanish explorers of Conquistadors were Spanish explorers of the 1500’s.the 1500’s.

Spanish rulers (kings) gave conquistadors Spanish rulers (kings) gave conquistadors the right to explore and establish the right to explore and establish settlements in the Americas. Spanish settlements in the Americas. Spanish rulers would also fund these expeditions.rulers would also fund these expeditions.

QUESTIONQUESTION: In what : In what ways did Spanish ways did Spanish rulers help fund the rulers help fund the expeditions of expeditions of conquistadors?conquistadors?

ANSWER: Spanish rulers would help fund ANSWER: Spanish rulers would help fund expeditions in several different ways.expeditions in several different ways.

1.1. Rulers provided conquistadors with Rulers provided conquistadors with ships.ships.

2.2. Rulers would provide conquistadors with Rulers would provide conquistadors with needed supplies such as food, weapons, needed supplies such as food, weapons, gun powder and men (crew).gun powder and men (crew).

QUESTION: Why would QUESTION: Why would Spanish rulers (kings) want to Spanish rulers (kings) want to help fund these expeditions to help fund these expeditions to the Americas? How would the Americas? How would rulers benefit from the rulers benefit from the expeditions?expeditions?

Answer: Rulers were able to benefit several Answer: Rulers were able to benefit several different ways.different ways.

1.1. Kings made conquistadors sign a Kings made conquistadors sign a contract (agreement). The contract contract (agreement). The contract stated that conquistadors had to give the stated that conquistadors had to give the king 1/5 of any gold or treasure king 1/5 of any gold or treasure discovered.discovered.

2.2. New settlements would allow Spain’s New settlements would allow Spain’s empire to grow. Growth would also empire to grow. Growth would also increase trade. increase trade.

QUESTION: How QUESTION: How would conquistadors would conquistadors benefit from their benefit from their expeditions?expeditions?

ANSWERANSWER1.1. Most conquistadors were Most conquistadors were given the right given the right

to govern (control) the areas they settledto govern (control) the areas they settled..

2.2. Conquistadors could gain wealth. They Conquistadors could gain wealth. They were were allowed to keep 4/5 of any gold and allowed to keep 4/5 of any gold and treasure treasure they happened to find.they happened to find.

3.3. FAMEFAME: They became the celebrities of : They became the celebrities of the time. (Columbus is the most famous the time. (Columbus is the most famous man in the world)man in the world)

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes

A Spanish conquistador named Hernan A Spanish conquistador named Hernan Cortes landed on the east coast of present Cortes landed on the east coast of present day Mexico in 1519. Cortes, like most day Mexico in 1519. Cortes, like most conquistadors, was conquistadors, was in search of gold and in search of gold and glory.glory.


Cortes arrived with a fair size army. He Cortes arrived with a fair size army. He had 11 ships, 500 soldiers, 20 horses, 10 had 11 ships, 500 soldiers, 20 horses, 10 dogs and several cannons. dogs and several cannons.

Cortes soon learned about the great Aztec Cortes soon learned about the great Aztec empire and the capital Tenochtitlan.empire and the capital Tenochtitlan.


Review Question: How Review Question: How would you describe would you describe Tenochtitlan? How Tenochtitlan? How would you describe the would you describe the Aztec civilization?Aztec civilization?

Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes

Prior to Cortes reaching Tenochtitlan, Prior to Cortes reaching Tenochtitlan, Aztec scouts reported to Montezuma Aztec scouts reported to Montezuma (Aztec ruler) that strange light skinned (Aztec ruler) that strange light skinned men were approaching the Aztec capital. men were approaching the Aztec capital. The scouts told Montezuma that these The scouts told Montezuma that these light colored men rode on the backs of light colored men rode on the backs of large deer. They also told Montezuma large deer. They also told Montezuma that they had strange beasts.that they had strange beasts.


On his march towards On his march towards Tenochtitlan, Cortes formed Tenochtitlan, Cortes formed alliances with local native tribes. alliances with local native tribes.

Question: Why would local tribes Question: Why would local tribes want to become allies with Cortes want to become allies with Cortes on his march to Tenochtitlan?on his march to Tenochtitlan?


When Cortes reaches Tenochtitlan he When Cortes reaches Tenochtitlan he does not meet Aztec resistance! does not meet Aztec resistance!

Montezuma and the Aztecs believed that Montezuma and the Aztecs believed that Cortes was a “white god” named Cortes was a “white god” named Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god of agriculture).Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god of agriculture).

Montezuma welcomed Cortes and his Montezuma welcomed Cortes and his soldiers with food and showed them soldiers with food and showed them Tenochtitlan’s many palaces.Tenochtitlan’s many palaces.

MontezumaMontezuma


Peace between Cortes and the Aztecs did Peace between Cortes and the Aztecs did not last for long. not last for long.

In June of 1520 Cortes takes Montezuma In June of 1520 Cortes takes Montezuma prisoner within the city of Tenochtitlan.prisoner within the city of Tenochtitlan.

The Aztec population becomes restless The Aztec population becomes restless and violent. They trap Cortes and his men and violent. They trap Cortes and his men in the main palace.in the main palace.


Cortés forced Montezuma to try and pacify the people Cortés forced Montezuma to try and pacify the people from the rooftop of the palace, but the emperor was from the rooftop of the palace, but the emperor was forced to retreat under a hail of stones and arrows. forced to retreat under a hail of stones and arrows. MontezumaMontezuma, thus , thus was accidentally killed by his own was accidentally killed by his own people people when he was struck by a stone.when he was struck by a stone.


One night, the Spaniards tried to flee One night, the Spaniards tried to flee unnoticed, but they were discovered. A unnoticed, but they were discovered. A call went out and canoes began to close in call went out and canoes began to close in on all sides. The Spanish soldiers tried to on all sides. The Spanish soldiers tried to press forward, and in the confusion, many press forward, and in the confusion, many of the Spanish soldiers fell into the canal. of the Spanish soldiers fell into the canal. Roughly 100 Spanish soldiers died. Many Roughly 100 Spanish soldiers died. Many of them die from drowning in canals……of them die from drowning in canals……They were weighted down with gold!They were weighted down with gold!


Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes manages to manages to escape Tenochtitlanescape Tenochtitlan. He . He promises to return and promises to return and conquer the Aztec empire.conquer the Aztec empire.


In 1521 Hernan Cortes returns In 1521 Hernan Cortes returns to to Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan and conquers the Aztec and conquers the Aztec empire.empire.

QUESTION: How was Cortes able to come QUESTION: How was Cortes able to come back almost six months later and conquer back almost six months later and conquer the Aztec empire?the Aztec empire?


Answer: Despite his initial defeat Cortes Answer: Despite his initial defeat Cortes was able to return and take Tenochtitlan was able to return and take Tenochtitlan by:by:

1.1. Waiting for Spanish reinforcements. Waiting for Spanish reinforcements.

2.2. Using his Native American allies.Using his Native American allies.

3.3. The Aztecs became infected with The Aztecs became infected with disease (smallpox)!disease (smallpox)!


When Cortes returns When Cortes returns to Tenochtitlan and to Tenochtitlan and completely loots the completely loots the city. Many Aztecs city. Many Aztecs were captured and were captured and held as slaves.held as slaves.

The Aztec Empire The Aztec Empire disintegrated and disintegrated and Spain seized control Spain seized control of the region.of the region.

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro The conquistador Francisco The conquistador Francisco

Pizarro sailed up the Pacific Pizarro sailed up the Pacific coast of South America with coast of South America with about 180 Spanish soldiers.about 180 Spanish soldiers.

Pizarro had heard stories of Pizarro had heard stories of the wealthy the wealthy Incan empireIncan empire..

Pizarro lands in modern day Pizarro lands in modern day Peru in 1532.Peru in 1532.


After making a successful landing, Pizarro After making a successful landing, Pizarro and his crew began to march inland in and his crew began to march inland in order to meet with the Inca emperor, order to meet with the Inca emperor, Atahualpa.Atahualpa.

As luck would have it, just before Pizarro As luck would have it, just before Pizarro arrives, the Inca society had been locked arrives, the Inca society had been locked in a very bloody civil war between in a very bloody civil war between Atahualpa, and his half brother, Huascar.Atahualpa, and his half brother, Huascar.


This civil war left the Inca society almost in This civil war left the Inca society almost in chaos and Pizarro would soon be able to chaos and Pizarro would soon be able to take advantage of this fact. take advantage of this fact.

Pizarro tricks the Incan leader.Pizarro tricks the Incan leader.

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro

Pizarro invited the emperor to join the Spaniards Pizarro invited the emperor to join the Spaniards at their camp and Atahualpa decided to visit at their camp and Atahualpa decided to visit these strange men. As a sign of good faith, these strange men. As a sign of good faith, Atahualpa instructed the soldiers who were to Atahualpa instructed the soldiers who were to come with him to be unarmed. come with him to be unarmed.

Pizarro took advantage of this and slaughtered Pizarro took advantage of this and slaughtered all of Atahualpa’s troops. Pizarro then all of Atahualpa’s troops. Pizarro then kidnapped kidnapped the emperor the emperor and and ransomed him for millions of ransomed him for millions of dollars worth of gold and silver. dollars worth of gold and silver.

AtahualpaAtahualpa

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro

When the ransom was paid, Atahualpa When the ransom was paid, Atahualpa was executedwas executed and Pizarro and his men and Pizarro and his men began to march towards the Inca capital began to march towards the Inca capital Cuzco. Now that the Inca people were Cuzco. Now that the Inca people were without a ruler, they never really stood a without a ruler, they never really stood a chance against Pizarro. chance against Pizarro.

The Incan empire fell in 1533. The Incan empire fell in 1533.

• Smooth move, Spanish Jerkface

How Did Spain SucceedHow Did Spain Succeed

Conquistadors were successful in Mexico and Conquistadors were successful in Mexico and Peru for several reasons:Peru for several reasons:

1.1. The Spanish had powerful weapons The Spanish had powerful weapons (guns and (guns and cannons). Native Americans thought these cannons). Native Americans thought these conquistadors were gods! conquistadors were gods!

2.2. They rode horses and had ferocious dogs.They rode horses and had ferocious dogs.

3.3. Many natives helped Many natives helped conquistadors.conquistadors.

4.4. DiseaseDisease

Spain in North AmericaSpain in North America

Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and silver. Hoping to find similar wealth, silver. Hoping to find similar wealth, conquistadors began exploring parts of conquistadors began exploring parts of North America.North America.

Juan Ponce De LeonJuan Ponce De Leon Governor of Puerto RicoGovernor of Puerto Rico Natives spoke of a sacred place called Natives spoke of a sacred place called

“Bimini”“Bimini” Bimini held a fountain that restored Bimini held a fountain that restored

youthfulness and produced immortality.youthfulness and produced immortality.

Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon

In search of this In search of this mysterious fountain, de mysterious fountain, de Leon unintentionally lands Leon unintentionally lands in North Americain North America

Juan Ponce de Leon Juan Ponce de Leon becomes the first becomes the first European to step foot in European to step foot in ‘modern day’ America.‘modern day’ America.


In late March of 1513, his ships landed on In late March of 1513, his ships landed on Florida's east coast near present-day St. Florida's east coast near present-day St. Augustine. He claimed this beautiful land Augustine. He claimed this beautiful land for Spain. Since he had discovered this for Spain. Since he had discovered this country of lavish landscape and beautiful country of lavish landscape and beautiful beaches, he was entitled to name it. He beaches, he was entitled to name it. He named it La Florida named it La Florida (LAH flow REE dah) or (LAH flow REE dah) or "place of flowers.""place of flowers."


Ponce de León continued down the east Ponce de León continued down the east coast of Florida and along the keys until coast of Florida and along the keys until he arrived at an island that had many he arrived at an island that had many turtles. He named the island Dry Tortugas turtles. He named the island Dry Tortugas because there was no fresh water on the because there was no fresh water on the island and “tortugas” means “turtle” in island and “tortugas” means “turtle” in Spanish.Spanish.

spain in america chapter 2, section 2. spanish conquistadors after columbus’ discovery, there was...

Documents

expeditions of conquistadors

hernan corteshernan

spanish rulers kings

montezuma aztec ruler

answermost conquistadors

aztec capital

aztec scouts

spanish explorers