Spain in Spain in AmericaAmericaCh. 2, Sec. 3Ch. 2, Sec. 3

VocabularyVocabularyConquistadorConquistador

tributetribute

PuebloPueblo

missionmission

PresidioPresidio

encomiendaencomienda

Plantation Plantation

Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors ______________--explorers who settled in ______________--explorers who settled in

the Americas. the Americas. They often received land grants from Spanish They often received land grants from Spanish

rulers.rulers. Gave Spanish crown 1/5 of gold or treasure Gave Spanish crown 1/5 of gold or treasure

taken.taken. Hernan CortesHernan Cortes landed on thelanded on the easteast

coast of Mexicocoast of Mexico in _____, lookingin _____, lookingfor _____ and _____.for _____ and _____.

Came to Tenochtitlan w/500 Came to Tenochtitlan w/500 soldiers, several horses, and cannons.soldiers, several horses, and cannons.

Aztecs conquered many cities. Aztecs conquered many cities. – Cities were forced to give crops,Cities were forced to give crops,

clothing, gold, and precious stonesclothing, gold, and precious stonesto Aztec as ________. to Aztec as ________.

TributeTribute--_________________________.--_________________________.

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes

Formed alliances w/nearby Formed alliances w/nearby cities.cities.

Cortes marched into Cortes marched into Tenochtitlan, took advantage Tenochtitlan, took advantage of the Aztec’s hospitality and of the Aztec’s hospitality and then took __________ prisoner!then took __________ prisoner!

Attacked capital in 1520, but Attacked capital in 1520, but was unsuccessful. was unsuccessful.

Montezuma was hit by stones Montezuma was hit by stones during fighting and later died.during fighting and later died.

______—______—Cortes conquered the Cortes conquered the Aztec empire. Aztec empire.

Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro sailed down Francisco Pizarro sailed down

Pacific coast of South America Pacific coast of South America w/180 soldiers.w/180 soldiers.

Heard tales of very wealthy _____ Heard tales of very wealthy _____ Empire in Peru.Empire in Peru.

1532--Pizarro captured Inca ruler, 1532--Pizarro captured Inca ruler, ____________ and destroyed much of ____________ and destroyed much of the Incan army.the Incan army.

1533—Spanish falsely accused 1533—Spanish falsely accused Atahualpa of crimes and ________ Atahualpa of crimes and ________ him. him.

Inca were used to following Inca were used to following commands from a leader.commands from a leader. – No leader No leader == ineffective fighting. ineffective fighting.– Ineffective fighting Ineffective fighting == loss of Incan loss of Incan

Empire to the Empire to the _____________. _____________.Francisco Pizarro

Why Spain SucceededWhy Spain SucceededHow could only a few hundred Spanish soldiers How could only a few hundred Spanish soldiers

conquer such mighty empires?conquer such mighty empires?

1.1. They arrived w/strange weapons—guns and They arrived w/strange weapons—guns and ________--and fearsome animals (rode horses and ________--and fearsome animals (rode horses and had huge, ferocious _____). To the Native had huge, ferocious _____). To the Native Americans, the Spanish seemed like ______.Americans, the Spanish seemed like ______.

2.2. Many Native Americans hated their ______ Many Native Americans hated their ______ overlords and assisted in taking them over.overlords and assisted in taking them over.

3.3. ________________—played an extremely large role. Native —played an extremely large role. Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases. Americans had no immunity to European diseases. Brought diseases on accident. However, ________ Brought diseases on accident. However, ________ and other diseases wiped out entire communitiesand other diseases wiped out entire communities

Spain in North AmericaSpain in North America Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and silver.Mexico and Peru were rich in gold and silver. Try and find more riches. . .conquistadors Try and find more riches. . .conquistadors

decided to explore southeastern and decided to explore southeastern and southwestern parts of North America.southwestern parts of North America.

______________--made the first Spanish ______________--made the first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America in landing on the mainland of North America in 1513 (east coast of ________).1513 (east coast of ________).– He was looking forHe was looking for goldgold and theand the “________________”“________________”..– His explorations led to first Spanish settlement in His explorations led to first Spanish settlement in

the U.S. It was called ___________________ the U.S. It was called ___________________ (established in 1565).(established in 1565).

Many conquistadors searched for riches and Many conquistadors searched for riches and lost their life trying b/c of stormy weather, lost their life trying b/c of stormy weather, lack of supplies, and illness.lack of supplies, and illness.

Searched for theSearched for the “Seven Cities of _________”.“Seven Cities of _________”.

Seven Cities of CibolaSeven Cities of Cibola Alvar NunezAlvar Nunez Cabeza deCabeza de VacaVaca——partpart of aof a SpanishSpanish

expedition to Florida in 1528. expedition to Florida in 1528. 3 of the 5 ships were lost in a storm, the other two 3 of the 5 ships were lost in a storm, the other two

were shipwrecked in present-day _______.were shipwrecked in present-day _______. 1533—Cabeza de Vaca and other Spaniards set off 1533—Cabeza de Vaca and other Spaniards set off

on foot on a 1,000 mile journey across the on foot on a 1,000 mile journey across the Southwest, arriving in Mexico three years later.Southwest, arriving in Mexico three years later.

Cabeza de Vaca told tales he had heard about Cabeza de Vaca told tales he had heard about seven cities with walls of emeralds and streets of seven cities with walls of emeralds and streets of ______.______.

Stories inspired others like Stories inspired others like Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto and and Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoFrancisco Vasquez de Coronado..

As they traveled, they took advantage of the native As they traveled, they took advantage of the native peoples.peoples.

Normal method was to take the chief hostage and Normal method was to take the chief hostage and demand __________________. demand __________________.

Hernando de Soto & Hernando de Soto & CoronadoCoronado Led an expedition to Led an expedition to Florida and landsFlorida and lands

to the west.to the west. 3 years, he and his troops searched3 years, he and his troops searched

southeastern U.S. for gold. southeastern U.S. for gold. Crossed the Crossed the ____________ River____________ River in 1541. in 1541. Traveled as far west as _____________.Traveled as far west as _____________. He died of fever and was buried in the Mississippi.He died of fever and was buried in the Mississippi.

____________ led expedition to areas of northern____________ led expedition to areas of northern

Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico.Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico. Came to a town belonging to the _______ people.Came to a town belonging to the _______ people. Finally realized there was no gold and traveled Finally realized there was no gold and traveled

west to Colorado River and east into ________.west to Colorado River and east into ________. Found nothing but “Found nothing but “windswept plainswindswept plains” and ” and

““shaggy cowsshaggy cows” (__________).” (__________).

Hernando de Soto

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Coronado ExpeditionCoronado Expedition

Spanish RuleSpanish Rule Spanish established Spanish established 3 kinds of settlements in the 3 kinds of settlements in the

AmericasAmericas::1.1. ________ (towns)—established as centers of trade.________ (towns)—established as centers of trade.

2.2. ________--these were religious communities.________--these were religious communities.

3.3. ________--also known as a fort. These were built near missions.________--also known as a fort. These were built near missions.

Social ClassesSocial Classes Established system of hierarchal social classes from Established system of hierarchal social classes from

upper toupper to lowerlower—these included:—these included:1.1. __________--they owned land, ran local govt., and served in the __________--they owned land, ran local govt., and served in the

Catholic Church.Catholic Church.

2.2. ________--people born in the Americas to Spanish parents.________--people born in the Americas to Spanish parents.

3.3. ________--people with both Spanish and Native American ________--people with both Spanish and Native American parents.parents.

4.4. Native Americans.Native Americans.

5.5. Enslaved Africans.Enslaved Africans.

Social Classes—cont. Social Classes—cont.

1500’s—Spanish govt. granted conquistadors an 1500’s—Spanish govt. granted conquistadors an __________, which was the right to demand taxes __________, which was the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on the land.or labor from Native Americans living on the land.– This system turned them into This system turned them into slavesslaves..– Many N.A. died from malnutrition and ________.Many N.A. died from malnutrition and ________.

Spanish priest:Spanish priest: Bartolome de Las CasasBartolome de Las Casas condemned ______ treatment of the Native condemned ______ treatment of the Native Americans. Americans. – Pleaded for laws to be passed to protect them.Pleaded for laws to be passed to protect them.– Because of his reports, in 1542, Spain passed theBecause of his reports, in 1542, Spain passed the

__________,__________, that forbade enslaving Native Americans.that forbade enslaving Native Americans.

Plantation SystemPlantation System Spanish settlers made large profits by exporting Spanish settlers made large profits by exporting

crops and other materials back to Spain.crops and other materials back to Spain. MainMain exportsexports from West Indies were:from West Indies were: tobacco tobacco

and __________.and __________. Developed a Developed a plantationplantation system, which was a system, which was a

large estate used for raising crops.large estate used for raising crops. Spanish used Native Americans again—Las Casas Spanish used Native Americans again—Las Casas

suggested they use enslaved ________.suggested they use enslaved ________.– Thought they could stand labor better than Native Thought they could stand labor better than Native

Americans.Americans.– By mid-1500’s, Spanish brought thousands from West By mid-1500’s, Spanish brought thousands from West

Africa to the ________. Africa to the ________. – Portuguese did the same in Brazil.Portuguese did the same in Brazil.

By late 1500’s, ________ was essential part of the By late 1500’s, ________ was essential part of the economy of the colonies.economy of the colonies.