Spain Builds an Empire

Ponce de León – searching for the fountain of youth, claimed Florida

Balboa – crossed the isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain

Magellan – circumnavigated the globe.

Spanish conquistadors

Cortés – Conquered the Aztecs, killed their emperor Montezuma.

Pizarro – Conquered the Incas

De Soto – explored Florida and died looking for gold he never found

Coronado – claimed present day New Mexico and Arizona for Spain

Francisco Pizarro

Settling New Spain

3 settlements: pueblos, presidios, and missions

4 social classes: Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Indians

Encomiendas: land grants to Spanish colonists which included the right to demand labor or taxes from the Indians

Harsh Life for Native Americans

Indians forced to work in Spanish mines

Most die so Spanish seek other labor sources

Atlantic slave trade begins

Colonizing North America

Search for the Northwest Passage

Rivalries Among European Nations

The Protestant Reformation in 1500s divided Europe

Europeans settling in the Americas brought their rivalries with them (Example: Sir Francis Drake)

Francis Drake made a habit out of raiding the

Spanish treasure fleets. He brought gold and jewels home to England. When

the Spanish complained to Queen Elizabeth, she

knighted him “Sir Francis Drake”!

Sir Francis Drake

Why do you think he wanted to be painted with his hand on a

globe?

New France

Settled along the St. Lawrence River

Hunters and trappers (coureurs de bois – “runners of the woods”)

Established friendly relations with the Indians

Expanded down the Mississippi River

Most largely free of government control

New Netherland

Settled along the Hudson River around what is now New YorkEstablished a busy port.The Dutch and French became rivals in the fur trade.The Rivals established alliances with Native tribes, thus increasing warfare among the Indians, French, Dutch, and English.

New England

Roanoke – mysterious ending1585 – 100 settlers tried to settle but gave up in a year

1587 – John White, went back with women and children

Went back to England for supplies

3 years later, came back to an empty settlement and the word CROATOAN carved on a tree

Jamestown

The 1st permanent English settlement

20 years after Roanoke

Had a disastrous start

Thanks to the Indians, they survived

When colonists started growing tobacco, the colony got better. By 1620, England was importing more than 30,000 lbs of tobacco a year.http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/jamestown/jamestown-standalone

You try and survive!

http://www.historyglobe.com/jamestown/

Representative Government

Colony was run like a military outpost

House of Burgesses House of Burgesses established where elected representatives would make laws

By 1670, only free, white, male property owners could vote

Seeking Religious freedom

Pilgrims wanted to practice their religion freely

Escaped England to the Netherlands, but were concerned their children were becoming too “Dutch”

September 1620, 100 men, women, and children set sail on the Mayflowerhttp://www.scholastic.com/scholastic_thanksgiving/voyage/journey.htm

Signing the Mayflower Compact