Space TechnologySpace Technology1980 to Present1980 to Present

Voyager 1 and 2Voyager 1 and 2

37 years they have been collecting 37 years they have been collecting data and sending it back to Earth data and sending it back to Earth using the Deep Space Networkusing the Deep Space Network

Both have traveled out of our Solar Both have traveled out of our Solar System since 2012System since 2012

The Space ShuttleThe Space Shuttle

Early rockets used to launch things Early rockets used to launch things into space were very wasteful.into space were very wasteful.

Once the rocket reached a certain Once the rocket reached a certain point, the portions holding the fuel point, the portions holding the fuel would detach and burn up in the would detach and burn up in the atmosphere.atmosphere.

Millions of dollars were being spent Millions of dollars were being spent to replace the portions that burned to replace the portions that burned up.up.

Scientist realized they could save Scientist realized they could save money and resources by reusing money and resources by reusing certain parts.certain parts.

They developed the Space Shuttle They developed the Space Shuttle that was first used in April of 1981.that was first used in April of 1981.

When the shuttle’s altitude reaches When the shuttle’s altitude reaches 45km it’s solid fuel canisters detach 45km it’s solid fuel canisters detach and parachute back to the ground to and parachute back to the ground to be reused.be reused.

The liquid tanks fall to the ground The liquid tanks fall to the ground next. They are not reusable.next. They are not reusable.

Once the space shuttle reaches Once the space shuttle reaches space it will orbit the Earth.space it will orbit the Earth.

During this time astronauts can During this time astronauts can conduct experiments.conduct experiments.

They also can launch, repair, or They also can launch, repair, or retrieve satillites.retrieve satillites.

They can be taken back to Earth to They can be taken back to Earth to be repaired and then put back into be repaired and then put back into orbit.orbit.

When the shuttle returns it lands like When the shuttle returns it lands like an airplane gliding at 335km/h!an airplane gliding at 335km/h!

If astronauts need to be in space for an If astronauts need to be in space for an extended period of time they will need to extended period of time they will need to live in a space station.live in a space station.

Space stations have larger areas to live, Space stations have larger areas to live, conduct research, and exercise.conduct research, and exercise.

In 1973 the US launched the first space In 1973 the US launched the first space station – Skylab.station – Skylab.

Astronauts spent up to 84 days living in Astronauts spent up to 84 days living in Skylab.Skylab.

In 1979 Skylab fell out of orbit, entered In 1979 Skylab fell out of orbit, entered Earths atmosphere and burned up.Earths atmosphere and burned up.

SkyLabSkyLab

Crews from the former Soviet Union Crews from the former Soviet Union spent more time in space stations spent more time in space stations than any other country. Their space than any other country. Their space station was named Mir that was station was named Mir that was launched in 1986.launched in 1986.

In 1995 the US and Russia began In 1995 the US and Russia began working together to explore space working together to explore space using Mir. In 2001, Mir fell out of using Mir. In 2001, Mir fell out of orbit.orbit.

MirMir

NASA Exploring MarsNASA Exploring Mars1992 Mars Pathfinder~actually landed on the 1992 Mars Pathfinder~actually landed on the surface of Mars and released a robot rover to surface of Mars and released a robot rover to gather information.gather information.1996 Mars Global Surveyor~successfully orbited 1996 Mars Global Surveyor~successfully orbited Mars taking several high quality photos of the Mars taking several high quality photos of the surface.surface.1998 Launch of Mars Climate Orbiter~crashed in 1998 Launch of Mars Climate Orbiter~crashed in 1999 due to English measurements not converted 1999 due to English measurements not converted to metricto metric1999 Launch of Mars Polar Lander was launched 1999 Launch of Mars Polar Lander was launched and lost as it made its  descent onto the and lost as it made its  descent onto the planet~scientists believe for the same reason for planet~scientists believe for the same reason for the above crashthe above crash

2003 Robotic Mars Rovers Spirit and 2003 Robotic Mars Rovers Spirit and OpportunityOpportunity

2011 Robotic Mars Rover Curiosity2011 Robotic Mars Rover Curiosity Future Mars Rover Mission planned Future Mars Rover Mission planned

for 2020for 2020 Scientist now have determined that Scientist now have determined that

water has seeped to the surface of water has seeped to the surface of certain parts of Mars.certain parts of Mars.

International Space Station (ISS)International Space Station (ISS) 2001 ISS-International Space Station 2001 ISS-International Space Station

begins to take form, 16 countries begins to take form, 16 countries including the US contributes to this space including the US contributes to this space stationstation

Still in use, with 6 people onboard right Still in use, with 6 people onboard right now conducting scientific experiments now conducting scientific experiments and collecting dataand collecting data

October 2014 Antares rocket~owned by October 2014 Antares rocket~owned by the private commercial company Orbital the private commercial company Orbital Sciences, exploded at NASA in Virginia on Sciences, exploded at NASA in Virginia on its launch to deliver supplies to the ISSits launch to deliver supplies to the ISS

In 1998 NASA launched the Lunar In 1998 NASA launched the Lunar Prospector for a 1 year mission to  map Prospector for a 1 year mission to  map the structure and composition of the the structure and composition of the moon....to see if there was water on the moon....to see if there was water on the moonmoon

Scientist hypothesize that there may be Scientist hypothesize that there may be ice in the craters located at the poles of ice in the craters located at the poles of the moon. However, they will have to the moon. However, they will have to design new missions to conclude that design new missions to conclude that water exists on the moon.water exists on the moon.

Exploring Luna, our MoonExploring Luna, our Moon

In 1997 NASA launched Cassini~It In 1997 NASA launched Cassini~It entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004 and entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004 and collected data for four years.collected data for four years.

In 2005, a probe was launched and In 2005, a probe was launched and landed on the surface of Titan (Saturn’s landed on the surface of Titan (Saturn’s largest moon).largest moon).

The team in charge of the program has The team in charge of the program has requested an extension to continue requested an extension to continue research.research.

Scientist have developed the next Scientist have developed the next generation space telescope, named Gaia.generation space telescope, named Gaia.

It was launched December 2013 for a It was launched December 2013 for a period of 5 years of data collection.period of 5 years of data collection.

Scientist have developed the next generation space Scientist have developed the next generation space telescope, named Gaia.telescope, named Gaia.

It was launched December 2013 for a period of 5 years It was launched December 2013 for a period of 5 years of data collection.of data collection.

This telescope will be able to ‘see’ things deeper in the This telescope will be able to ‘see’ things deeper in the universe and help explain the origins of our galaxy.universe and help explain the origins of our galaxy.

Space technology often is modified to be useful in Space technology often is modified to be useful in every day life.every day life.• Suits for people with skin diseasesSuits for people with skin diseases• Treatment for heart diseasesTreatment for heart diseases• Special toxic chemical detectorsSpecial toxic chemical detectors• Better jet enginesBetter jet engines• Traffic light controlsTraffic light controls

TechnologyTechnology

Obama & Congress Makes HUGE ChangesObama & Congress Makes HUGE Changes President Obama is calling on NASA to cancel the President Obama is calling on NASA to cancel the

program that was to return humans to the Moon by program that was to return humans to the Moon by 2020, and focus instead on radically new space 2020, and focus instead on radically new space technologies.technologies.

Plans for a new mission to leave Earth’s orbit will Plans for a new mission to leave Earth’s orbit will probably not be spelled out for a few years, and probably not be spelled out for a few years, and the budget proposal makes it clear that any future the budget proposal makes it clear that any future exploration program will be an international exploration program will be an international collaboration, not an American one, more like the collaboration, not an American one, more like the International Space Station than Apollo.International Space Station than Apollo.

In the meantime, instead of using the In the meantime, instead of using the Constellation’s Ares I rocket and Orion crew Constellation’s Ares I rocket and Orion crew capsule to ferry astronauts to the International capsule to ferry astronauts to the International Space Station, $6 billion would instead go to Space Station, $6 billion would instead go to financing space taxi services from commercial financing space taxi services from commercial companies.companies.

Virgin Galactic Commercial SpacelinerVirgin Galactic Commercial Spaceliner October 2004-SpaceShipOne (used by Galactic) October 2004-SpaceShipOne (used by Galactic)

Won $10 million Ansari X Prize for the first Won $10 million Ansari X Prize for the first private organization to launch a re-useable private organization to launch a re-useable manned spacecraft into space twice within a 2 manned spacecraft into space twice within a 2 week periodweek period

2006 ~ Richard Branson, owner of Virgin Group 2006 ~ Richard Branson, owner of Virgin Group ~ Sold tickets to 150 passengers at $200,000 ~ Sold tickets to 150 passengers at $200,000 each for the world’s first tourist space flight in each for the world’s first tourist space flight in 2008, it has not happen yet2008, it has not happen yet

November 2014 Spaceship 2 crashesNovember 2014 Spaceship 2 crashes February or March of 2015 latest intended date February or March of 2015 latest intended date

for the first commercial flight for the first commercial flight

Alliance Atlas 5 RocketAlliance Atlas 5 Rocket 2013 ~ NASA launched a new Earth-watching 2013 ~ NASA launched a new Earth-watching

satellite called Landsat 8 into a polar orbit to satellite called Landsat 8 into a polar orbit to monitor the Earth’s resources, land-use and monitor the Earth’s resources, land-use and environmental changes. This is the latest environmental changes. This is the latest chapter in a 40 year program. This satellite is chapter in a 40 year program. This satellite is managed by NASA the planning and data managed by NASA the planning and data distribution is managed by the U.S. distribution is managed by the U.S.

Geological Geological

Survey group.Survey group.

SpaceXSpaceX2002-20082002-2008

A space transport company, A space transport company, founded in 2002 by PayPal founded in 2002 by PayPal entrepreneur-Elon Musk, entrepreneur-Elon Musk, developed the Falcon 1 and developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles. Falcon 9 launch vehicles.

This company also developed This company also developed the Dragon Spacecraft that is the Dragon Spacecraft that is launched by the Falcon 9. launched by the Falcon 9.

May of 2012 SpaceX was the May of 2012 SpaceX was the first privately owned company first privately owned company to send a cargo payload to the to send a cargo payload to the ISS.ISS.

NASA is considering SpaceX to NASA is considering SpaceX to launch human-rated Dragon launch human-rated Dragon /Falcon9 flight in 2017 to take /Falcon9 flight in 2017 to take crew to the ISS.crew to the ISS.

Future ~ Falcon Heavy Launch Future ~ Falcon Heavy Launch system and NASA robotic system and NASA robotic mission to Mars in 2020mission to Mars in 2020

Musk’s intention for the Musk’s intention for the company is to create a company is to create a permanent human presence on permanent human presence on Mars.Mars.

NASA: to the Moon and BeyondNASA: to the Moon and BeyondConstellation Program~Constellation Program~NASA would like to return of humans to the moon by NASA would like to return of humans to the moon by 2020 2020 Extended lunar stays build the experience and expertise Extended lunar stays build the experience and expertise needed for the long-term space missions required to visit needed for the long-term space missions required to visit other planets. other planets. The moon may also be used as a forward base of The moon may also be used as a forward base of operations on which humans learn how to replenish operations on which humans learn how to replenish essential supplies, such as rocket fuel and oxygen, by essential supplies, such as rocket fuel and oxygen, by creating them from local material.creating them from local material.The moon's south pole is considered particularly The moon's south pole is considered particularly promising because it is rich in hydrogen and may be promising because it is rich in hydrogen and may be home to water ice as well.home to water ice as well.In the years beyond 2020, these spacecraft may aid in In the years beyond 2020, these spacecraft may aid in assembling Mars-bound vehicles in orbit to take the first assembling Mars-bound vehicles in orbit to take the first humans to the red planet.humans to the red planet.

Orion Capsule:Orion Capsule:• Similar to Apollo but modern technologySimilar to Apollo but modern technology• Larger than Apollo with three times the Larger than Apollo with three times the

volume capacity and the ability to volume capacity and the ability to accommodate a four-person crew. accommodate a four-person crew.

• Launches attached to a solid rocket booster Launches attached to a solid rocket booster • Safer and more reliable design for future Safer and more reliable design for future

space exploration than the now-familiar space exploration than the now-familiar space shuttlespace shuttle

• Will take astronauts to and from the Will take astronauts to and from the International Space StationInternational Space Station

• Can enter lunar orbit, a position from which Can enter lunar orbit, a position from which landers can repeatedly visit the moon's landers can repeatedly visit the moon's surfacesurface

• May be reused up to ten times, will parachute May be reused up to ten times, will parachute to Earth like Apollo—though they will arrive to Earth like Apollo—though they will arrive on dry land rather than via ocean on dry land rather than via ocean splashdowns.splashdowns.

Rosetta’s LandingRosetta’s Landing November 12, 2014November 12, 2014 For the first time in history, a spacecraft For the first time in history, a spacecraft

from Earth has landed on the face of a from Earth has landed on the face of a comet speeding through deep space.comet speeding through deep space.

The European Space Agency landed a The European Space Agency landed a probe on a comet but an anchoring probe on a comet but an anchoring system problem may hamper planned system problem may hamper planned investigations into the origins of Earth investigations into the origins of Earth and the solar system.and the solar system.