space physiology and engineering · space generation advisory council in support of the united...
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Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology and Engineering
Ilaria Cinelli B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Speaker
PhD student at the NUI of Galway, Ireland;
• University of Pisa (Italy);
• King’s College London (UK).
Lecture at the Youth Academy;
Secretary of the Aerospace Human Factors Association;
Mars analogue astronaut.
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology - Adaptation
Loss of Gravity (Microgravity)
What is affected by exposure to microgravity:
Body fluids;
Pulmonary function;
Bones;
Skeletal muscle;
Orthostatic Tolerance;
Neurovestibular system;
Radiation level
E. Nelson et al 2014
G. De la Torre et al 2014
Chronic
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Muscle Deterioration - T. Wilson et al 2014 Mean Arterial Pressure (mm Hg) – D.E. Watenpaugh et al 1996 Postural adaptation – A.Winnard et al 2017
Space Physiology - Adaptation
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Microgravity – “normal” stimuli acting on the body
Disorientation, nausea and dizziness felt;
Space Physiology - Adaptation
https://cnes.fr
https://born4space.files.wordpress.com
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Microgravity – “normal” stimuli acting on the body
Disorientation, nausea and dizziness felt;
Head and sinuses swell;
Loss of hydrostatic pressure gradient;
Space Physiology - Adaptation
E. Nelson et al 2014
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Microgravity – “normal” stimuli acting on the body
Disorientation, nausea and dizziness felt;
Head and sinuses swell;
Loss of hydrostatic pressure gradient;
Upper body congestion:
Space Physiology - Adaptation
+ +
?
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Microgravity – “normal” stimuli acting on the body
Disorientation, nausea and dizziness felt;
Head and sinuses swell;
Loss of hydrostatic pressure gradient;
Upper body congestion:
• Bloated (pig) face;
• Thin (chicken) legs;
• Bigger heart;
• 0.5-1 litre fluid loss to upper body/leg.
Space Physiology - Adaptation
+ +
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Signs and symptoms associated with neurovestibular
disturbances (within the first 3 days of flight) are
called Space Motion Sickness (SMS).
Space Physiology - Adaptation
https://cnes.fr
https://born4space.files.wordpress.com
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Signs and symptoms associated with neurovestibular
disturbances (within the first 3 days of flight) are
called Space Motion Sickness (SMS).
• Conflicting info between what the brain receives
from eyes, the vestibular organs in the ear and
other receptors;
• No gravitational pull to identify up vs down;
• Proprioceptive system is also affected (lack in
coordination).
Space Physiology - Adaptation
https://cnes.fr
https://born4space.files.wordpress.com
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Signs and symptoms associated with neurovestibular
disturbances (within the first 3 days of flight) are
called Space Motion Sickness (SMS);
Extravehicular activity (EVA) is not scheduled during
the first three day of flight;
Fluid shift leads to higher blood pressure, intracranial
pressure and intraocular pressure;
Space Physiology - Adaptation
https://cnes.fr
https://born4space.files.wordpress.com
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
80% of the astronaut corps use vision corrections;
29% has problems in the near vision after shorts
flights; 60% after long-duration flights.
Crew need to wear glasses
• Space anticipation glasses
Visual-Impairment-Intracranial-Pressure (VIIP)
• Glaucoma
Space Physiology - Adaptation
http://spaceflight101.com/
D. Fleischman et al 2013
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
Space Physiology – Adaptation summary
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/735035_4
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Pharmaceutical interventions->In-flight reference point orientation->Avoid fast head spin during days 1-3
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
-> Resistance Equipment;->Training program for task requirements;->Hormone therapy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkUk
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
-> Resistance Equipment;->Training program for task requirements;->Hormone therapy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkUk
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
-> Resistance Equipment;->Training program for task requirements;->Hormone therapy
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP);
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP);
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Pre de-orbit fluid loading (raising the blood volume in flight)-1 litre of isotonic saline drink;->Anti-g suits to minimize the blood pooling;
->Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP);
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Walking at +1Gz;->Impulse stimulation;->Repetitive loading and exercise with LBNP;->Elasticated load suit (Penguin suit);
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Suit_up_for_Skinsuit
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Adaptation: pre-flight – microgravity – post mission;
Cardiovascular deconditioning;
Space Motion Sickness;
Bone demineralisation;
Muscle atrophy;
Orthostatic Intolerance;
Fluid shifts;
Radiations.
->Walking at +1Gz;->Impulse stimulation;->Repetitive loading and exercise with LBNP;->Elasticated load suit (Penguin suit);
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Suit_up_for_Skinsuit
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
A.R. Hargens et al 2016
https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/envihab
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
A.R. Hargens et al 2016
https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/envihab
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Space Physiology – Countermeasures
Virtual Reality
• FUSION Media and MIT’s Space Systems Laboratoryhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-concepts-bring-precision-mars-to-virtual-reality
• Human performance (training and tasks);• Mars Mission http://www.marsplanet.org/martian-walk-hamburg-hafencity-deutsche-telekom-event/
www.scientificamerican.com
http://www.space.com/32417-vr-space-invaders-on-iss-its-1978-again-in-orbit-video.htmlhttp://www.space.com/32912-virtual-reality-humans-to-mars.html
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
…what about Mars?
Transfer in technology
• Better understanding of human physiology for long duration flight (> 1 year);
• Enhance the countermeasures;
• Counteract human factors;
• Research and Innovation in medical care and engineering (i.e. 3D printing);
Mars analogue mission
• Studying human behaviour in confined environment;
• Human interaction under physical and mental stress;
• Optimization of available resources.
https://3dprint.com/161112/3d-print-medical-tools-in-space/
http://mars-mission.wixsite.com/mdrscrew172
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
My point of view
Virtual Reality;
Computational modelling https://open.nasa.gov/blog/digital-astronaut-project/
• Body Adaptation for long term mission;
• Countermeasures and risks.
Non-invasive medicine for diagnostic and treatment;
Electro-magnetic field.
http://mars-mission.wixsite.com/mdrscrew172
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
My Mars analogue missions
MDRS Crew 158 – Crew Engineer: http://desert.marssociety.org/home/crew-158
• Human factors and behaviour;
MDRS Crew 172 – Commander: http://mdrs.marssociety.org/crew-172/
• Leadership;
• Innovation;
• Management;
PMAS – part of Mission Support team: http://spacegeneration.org/projects/space-exploration/poland-mars-
analogue-simulation-2017/127-poland-mars-analogue-simulation-2017/1803-meet-ilaria-tecsup-for-the-pmas-2017.html
http://mars-mission.wixsite.com/mdrscrew172
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
A) TITLE: Photic Sleep Enhancement During a Mars Analog Exploratory Mission Simulation
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Philippe Souvestre (2), Richard Hanbury (3)
AFFILIATIONS: (1)Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway; (2) NeuroKinetics
Health Services, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; (3) Sana Health, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
B) TITLE: Test Case for Mission Support
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1,) Sebastian Hettrich (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Co-Lead Space Exploration Project Group
Space Generation Advisory Council In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, Vienna, Austria
C) TITLE: Enhancing Human Performance with Virtual Reality Training On Mars Analogue Mission
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Nicholas McCay (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Experience 360, Mars City Foundation,
SpaceportLA
D) TITLE: Training Like a Martian!
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Patrick Gray (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) University of North Carolina, WayPaver
Foundation
My Mars analogue missions
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
A) TITLE: Photic Sleep Enhancement During a Mars Analog Exploratory Mission Simulation
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Philippe Souvestre (2), Richard Hanbury (3)
AFFILIATIONS: (1)Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway; (2) NeuroKinetics
Health Services, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; (3) Sana Health, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
B) TITLE: Test Case for Mission Support
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1,) Sebastian Hettrich (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Co-Lead Space Exploration Project Group
Space Generation Advisory Council In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, Vienna, Austria
C) TITLE: Enhancing Human Performance with Virtual Reality Training On Mars Analogue Mission
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Nicholas McCay (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Experience 360, Mars City Foundation,
SpaceportLA
D) TITLE: Training Like a Martian!
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Patrick Gray (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) University of North Carolina, WayPaver
Foundation
My Mars analogue missions
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
A) TITLE: Photic Sleep Enhancement During a Mars Analog Exploratory Mission Simulation
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Philippe Souvestre (2), Richard Hanbury (3)
AFFILIATIONS: (1)Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway; (2) NeuroKinetics
Health Services, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; (3) Sana Health, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
B) TITLE: Test Case for Mission Support
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1,) Sebastian Hettrich (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Co-Lead Space Exploration Project Group
Space Generation Advisory Council In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, Vienna, Austria
C) TITLE: Enhancing Human Performance with Virtual Reality Training On Mars Analogue Mission
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Nicholas McCay (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Experience 360, Mars City Foundation,
SpaceportLA
D) TITLE: Training Like a Martian!
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Patrick Gray (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) University of North Carolina, WayPaver
Foundation
My Mars analogue missions
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
A) TITLE: Photic Sleep Enhancement During a Mars Analog Exploratory Mission Simulation
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Philippe Souvestre (2), Richard Hanbury (3)
AFFILIATIONS: (1)Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway; (2) NeuroKinetics
Health Services, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; (3) Sana Health, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
B) TITLE: Test Case for Mission Support
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1,) Sebastian Hettrich (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Co-Lead Space Exploration Project Group
Space Generation Advisory Council In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, Vienna, Austria
C) TITLE: Enhancing Human Performance with Virtual Reality Training On Mars Analogue Mission
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Nicholas McCay (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Experience 360, Mars City Foundation,
SpaceportLA
D) TITLE: Training Like a Martian!
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Patrick Gray (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) University of North Carolina, WayPaver
Foundation
My Mars analogue missions
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
A) TITLE: Photic Sleep Enhancement During a Mars Analog Exploratory Mission Simulation
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Philippe Souvestre (2), Richard Hanbury (3)
AFFILIATIONS: (1)Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway; (2) NeuroKinetics
Health Services, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; (3) Sana Health, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
B) TITLE: Test Case for Mission Support
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1,) Sebastian Hettrich (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Co-Lead Space Exploration Project Group
Space Generation Advisory Council In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, Vienna, Austria
C) TITLE: Enhancing Human Performance with Virtual Reality Training On Mars Analogue Mission
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Nicholas McCay (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) Experience 360, Mars City Foundation,
SpaceportLA
D) TITLE: Training Like a Martian!
AUTHORS: Ilaria Cinelli (1), Patrick Gray (2)
AFFILIATIONS: (1) Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, NUI of Galway, Ireland; (2) University of North Carolina, WayPaver
Foundation
My Mars analogue missions
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
… what can we do for Mars?
Read web-articles and academic articles;
Follow key people;
Interaction with the community;
Write down a few ideas;
Get a prototype done and look for sponsor;
(…).
Have a dream and follow it!
http://mars-mission.wixsite.com/mdrscrew172
Ilaria CINELLI B.Eng. M.Eng. PhD Student Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
1. Buckey, J. C., and J. L. Homick. The Neurolab Spacelab Mission: Neuroscience Research in Space: Results From the STS-
90,Neurolab Spacelab Mission. Houston,Texas: NASA, 2005, 1314 pp.
2. Souvestre, P. A., A. P. Blaber, and C. K. Landrock. Space motion sickness: The sensorymotor controls and cardiovascular
correlation. Acta Astronaut. 63:745–757, 2008.
3. Wong, J. Y., and A. C. Pfahnl. 3D Printing of Surgical Instruments for Long-Duration Space Missions. Aviat. Space. Environ. Med.
85:758–763, 2014.
4. Nelson, G. A. Neurological Effects of Space Radiation. Gravitational Sp. Biol. 22:33–38, 2009.
5. Demertzi, A., A. van Ombergen, E. Tomilovskaya, B. Jeurissen, E. Pechenkova, C. Di Perri, L. Litvinova, E. Amico, A. Rumshiskaya,
I. Rukavishnikov, J. Sijbers, V. Sinitsyn, I. B. Kozlovskaya, S. Sunaert, P. M. Parizel, P. H. van de Heyning, S. S. L. Laureys, and F.
L. Wuyts. Cortical reorganization in an astronaut’s brain after long-duration spaceflight. Brain Struct. Funct. 7–10,
2015.doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1054-3
6. Feltz, D. L., L. Ploutz-Snyder, B. Winn, N. L. Kerr, J. M. Pivarnik, A. Ede, C. Hill, S. Samendinger, and W. Jeffery. Simulated Partners
and Collaborative Exercise (SPACE) to boost motivation for astronauts: study protocol. BMC Psychol. 4:54, 2016.
7. Taibbi, G., R. L. Cromwell, K. G. Kapoor, B. F. Godley, and G. Vizzeri. The Effect of Microgravity on Ocular Structures and Visual
Function: A Review. Surv. Ophthalmol. 58:155–163, 2013.
References