space – our solar system our solar system the sun the inner planets the outer planets why was...
TRANSCRIPT
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Space – Our Solar System
• Our Solar System• The Sun• The Inner Planets• The Outer Planets• Why was Pluto demoted?• Observing Stars and Planets• The Moon
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What if the other planet were as close as the moon?
• The moon is very close and therefore looks large in the sky. The planets inside our solar system are much larger but are much further and therefore, look very small.
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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• The Sun
• Eight Planets
• Some Moons
• Many Comets and asteroids
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Our Solar System
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The Sun• 75% hydrogen and 25% helium
by mass• Sun converts hydrogen to
helium in its core (fusion)• Core conditions– temperature is 15.6 million
Kelvin–pressure is 250 billion times
more than on Earth
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The Sun is Huge!!
The Sun makes up about 99.8% of the mass of our solar system!
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The Inner Planets
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MERCURY
• Shortest orbit around the Sun (0.24 Earth Years)
• Earth’s diameter is about 2.5 times larger
• Rocky ball
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VENUS• Orbit (0.62 Earth Years)• Diameters is roughly
equal to Earth’s• Brightest in the sky• Rocky ball• Huge greenhouse effect very high temperatures (~800 ˚F)
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EARTH
• 3rd rock from the Sun
• Orbit 365.25 days• Only planet known
to sustain life in the Universe
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MARS• Solid carbon dioxide is
found at the poles• Mars is known as the red
planet due to the rust covering the surface
• Orbit (1.88 Earth Years)• Earth’s diameter is 1.88
times larger• Rocky ball
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The Outer Planets
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JUPITER• Jupiter contains over 70%
of the mass in the solar system outside the Sun.
• Jupiter is a ball of gas and liquid (mostly hydrogen and helium).
• If it were larger it would be a Star
• Its diameter is 11.1 times larger than Earth’s
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Jupiter’s Great Red Spot• Has a great red spot• It is a storm that has been
going on for at least 400 years
• The storm is larger than the Earth
Jupiter's Super Storm
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SATURN
• Made of gas• One of its moons (Titan) is larger than Mercury!• Identified by its many rings composed of ice particles
• Orbit (29.46 Earth years)
• It’s diameter Is 9.41 times
larger than Earth’s
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URANUS• Made of gas• Thinner ring system• Atmosphere is composed of methane gas
giving it its blue colour
• Orbit (84.01 Earth Years)
• Its diameter is 4 times larger than Earth’s
• Is flipped on its side (caused by a collision??)
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NEPTUNE• Outermost planet and is
made of gas• Its composition and
atmosphere is similar to Uranus
• Very thin ring system• Orbit (164.8 Earth Years)• Its diameter is 3.8 times
larger than Earth’s
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PLUTO
• No longer considered a Planet• Is the second most massive known dwarf planet in
the Solar System (after Eris)• Pluto's mass is less than 0.24 percent that of the
Earth • Its diameter is roughly 66% that of our Moon
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Pluto
Why isn’t Pluto a planet anymore?
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Why was Pluto demoted?• Really small – smaller than the Moon• Too many similar objects – instead of adding
1000’s of planets, they removed one• It has a very strange orbit
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Observing Stars and Planets
• A star is a big ball of burning gas
• A planet is a smaller ball of rock (or gas) that goes around a star
• We can see the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Mercury without a telescope at certain times of the year
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• the Sun and all the objects that travel around it make up the Solar System
• the Sun is called luminous because it produces its own light
• planets and moons are called nonluminous because they do not produce their own light; they reflect the light of the Sun
• our Sun is also a star
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The Moon• Takes about 28 days for
the Moon to orbit the Earth
• The Moon has several effects on the earth–e.g. tides, night-time
illumination, tilt and rotational speed.
• Earth’s diameter is 3.7 times larger