Space Space Equipment Equipment

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What is a ROCKET?What is a ROCKET?

A A rocketrocket or or rocket vehiclerocket vehicle is a is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket enginerocket engine. .

In all rockets, the exhaust is formed In all rockets, the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use. within the rocket before use.

Rocket engines work by Rocket engines work by action and reactionaction and reaction. Rocket engines . Rocket engines push rockets forwards simply by push rockets forwards simply by throwing their exhaust backwards throwing their exhaust backwards extremely fast.extremely fast.

History of RocketsHistory of Rockets

The The ChineseChinese invented the rocket invented the rocket centuries ago. During the 1200’s, centuries ago. During the 1200’s, Chinese soldiers fired small rockets Chinese soldiers fired small rockets as weapons in battle.as weapons in battle.

Robert Goddard – The Father of Robert Goddard – The Father of RocketryRocketry

In In 19261926, Goddard, Goddardlaunched the first liquidlaunched the first liquidpropellant rocket, usingpropellant rocket, usinggasoline and liquidgasoline and liquidoxygen as fuel.oxygen as fuel.

Modern Modern RocketryRocketry

Rocketry has enabled Rocketry has enabled space technologiesspace technologies particularly particularly satellitessatellites to to exist, many of which exist, many of which impact people's impact people's everyday lives.everyday lives.

Scientifically, rocketry Scientifically, rocketry has opened a window on has opened a window on the universe, allowing the universe, allowing the launch of the launch of space probesspace probes to explore to explore the the solar systemsolar system and and space-based space-based telescopestelescopes to obtain a clearer view to obtain a clearer view of the rest of the of the rest of the universe.universe.

What are satellites?What are satellites? An object that revolves around another object in a circular pathAn object that revolves around another object in a circular path In the context of In the context of spaceflightspaceflight, a , a satellitesatellite is an is an objectobject which has which has

been placed into been placed into orbitorbit by humans. These objects are by humans. These objects are sometimes called sometimes called artificial satellitesartificial satellites to distinguish them from to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon. natural satellites such as the Moon.

What are satellites used What are satellites used for?for?

Satellites are used for a large Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types number of purposes. Common types include military and civilian Earth include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, observation satellites, communications satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. satellites, and research satellites.

Space stations and human spacecraft Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.in orbit are also satellites.

History of SatellitesHistory of Satellites The First SatellitesThe First Satellites The theory of satellites was simple enough - shoot something out The theory of satellites was simple enough - shoot something out

into space at the right speed and on the correct trajectory and it into space at the right speed and on the correct trajectory and it will stay up there, orbiting Earth, for years - if not forever. will stay up there, orbiting Earth, for years - if not forever.

Early in October Early in October 19571957 communications stations started picking up communications stations started picking up a regular beeping noise coming from space. a regular beeping noise coming from space.

The signals were coming from Russia's The signals were coming from Russia's Sputnik 1Sputnik 1, the , the world's world's first man-made satellitefirst man-made satellite..

What are space probes?What are space probes?

Gather and transmit information to EarthGather and transmit information to EarthUnlike satellites that orbit Earth, space probes travel Unlike satellites that orbit Earth, space probes travel

far into the solar system.far into the solar system.Space probes carry cameras and other data Space probes carry cameras and other data

gathering equipment, as well as radio transmitters gathering equipment, as well as radio transmitters and receivers.and receivers.

Past Space Probe: Mariner Past Space Probe: Mariner 22

- Early space probe Early space probe - 19621962- Destination: Venus – verified high Destination: Venus – verified high

temperatures in Venus’ atmospheretemperatures in Venus’ atmosphere

Look in your textbook at pgs. 330-331 for more pictures and info of space probes.

Current Space Probe: Cassini-Current Space Probe: Cassini-HuygenHuygen

Space probe currently studying Saturn and Saturn’s Space probe currently studying Saturn and Saturn’s moonsmoons

Launched in 1997, entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004, Launched in 1997, entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004, mission may continue until 2017mission may continue until 2017

Cassini has several primary objectives:•Determine the three-dimensional structure and behavior of the rings of Saturn •Determine the composition of the moon surfaces and the geological history of each object •Study the dynamic behavior of Saturn's atmosphere at cloud level •Characterize Titan's surface

Future Space Probe: “JUNO”Future Space Probe: “JUNO” Juno launches in August 2011 Juno launches in August 2011 Five-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving July Five-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving July

2016 2016 One year at Jupiter will complete the One year at Jupiter will complete the

mission (orbiting the planet 32 times) mission (orbiting the planet 32 times) Juno will improve our understanding of Juno will improve our understanding of

our solar system’s beginnings by our solar system’s beginnings by revealing the origin and evolution of revealing the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Jupiter.

Juno will… Juno will… Determine how much water is in Jupiter’s Determine how much water is in Jupiter’s

atmosphere, which helps determine atmosphere, which helps determine which planet formation theory is correct which planet formation theory is correct

Look deep into Jupiter’s atmosphere to Look deep into Jupiter’s atmosphere to measure composition, temperature, measure composition, temperature, cloud motions and other properties cloud motions and other properties

Map Jupiter’s magnetic and gravity fields, Map Jupiter’s magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planet’s deep structure revealing the planet’s deep structure

What is a space shuttle?What is a space shuttle?

A space shuttle is a A space shuttle is a reusable spacecraftreusable spacecraft for transporting people, satellites, and for transporting people, satellites, and other materials to and from space.other materials to and from space.

Launched standing on endLaunched standing on end Glides back to Earth like an airplaneGlides back to Earth like an airplane

STS!STS!

The Shuttle consists of threemajor parts:• an orbiter with wings forlanding• an external tank• two solid rocket boosters.

At lift-off, the Shuttle stands 56 m high and weighs about 2,000,000 kg.

Space Shuttle

- After the space shuttle reaches space, it begins to orbit Earth. There astronauts perform many different tasks.

- In the cargo bay, astronauts conduct scientific experiments and determine the effects of spaceflight on the human body.

- When the cargo bay isn’t used as a lab, the shuttle can launch, repair, and retrieve satellites.

Space Shuttle

What is a Space Station?What is a Space Station?

A space station is a structure A space station is a structure designed for humans to work and live designed for humans to work and live in outer space for a period of time.in outer space for a period of time.

World’s First Space World’s First Space StationStation

The world's first spaceThe world's first space

station was launched bystation was launched by

the Russians in the Russians in 19711971..

Salyut 1Salyut 1 was a was a modifiedmodified

spaceship that could spaceship that could onlyonly

house a crew of three.house a crew of three.

First American Space First American Space StationStation

One of three SaturnOne of three Saturnrockets remaining fromrockets remaining fromthe Apollo program wasthe Apollo program waskept flight ready.kept flight ready.

Its third stage wasIts third stage wasmodified into the modified into the SkylabSkylabspace station byspace station byconverting the fuel tankconverting the fuel tankinto cabins.into cabins.

Skylab was launchedSkylab was launchedinto orbit in into orbit in May 1973May 1973..

The 75-ton spaceThe 75-ton spacestation hosted 3 crewsstation hosted 3 crewsof 3 astronauts, each forof 3 astronauts, each for171 days.171 days.

Our Current Space Station: The Our Current Space Station: The ISSISS

The The International Space StationInternational Space Station ( (ISSISS)) is an is an internationally developed research facility that is being internationally developed research facility that is being assembled in low Earth orbit. assembled in low Earth orbit.

On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is scheduled for completion by late 2011. The station is scheduled for completion by late 2011. The station is expected to remain in operation until at least 2020. expected to remain in operation until at least 2020.

With a greater mass than that of any previous space With a greater mass than that of any previous space station, the ISS can be seen from Earth with the naked station, the ISS can be seen from Earth with the naked eye, and is by far the largest artificial satellite that has eye, and is by far the largest artificial satellite that has ever orbited Earth. (the size of a football field)ever orbited Earth. (the size of a football field)

The ISS serves as a research laboratory that has a The ISS serves as a research laboratory that has a microgravity environment in which crews conduct microgravity environment in which crews conduct experiments in biology, chemistry, human biology, experiments in biology, chemistry, human biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology physics, astronomy and meteorology

The role of the ISSThe role of the ISS

To prepare for efforts on the Moon, Mars, and To prepare for efforts on the Moon, Mars, and beyondbeyond Understand the space environment, long Understand the space environment, long

duration living, and working impact on duration living, and working impact on astronaut healthastronaut health

Allows testing of new technologies, materials, Allows testing of new technologies, materials, roboticsrobotics

Finished with C-NotesFinished with C-Notes

1.1. Write a 4-5 sentences summary of you Write a 4-5 sentences summary of you C-NotesC-Notes

2.2. Glue C-Notes onto next Glue C-Notes onto next right hand pageright hand page3.3. Left hand page:Left hand page:

• Pick 5 words and draw a picture Pick 5 words and draw a picture • Under the picture write 2-3 sentences Under the picture write 2-3 sentences

explaining your pictureexplaining your picture

4.4. When a word is used from your C-Notes When a word is used from your C-Notes underlineunderline it. it.