space and mda research in the context of eu policies. harm greidanus.pdf · 9.03.2017 · joint...
TRANSCRIPT
Joint Research Centre the European Commission's in-house science service
JRC Science Hub: ec.europa.eu/jrc
Space and MDA research
in the context of EU policies
Harm Greidanus
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Joint Research Centre (JRC)
• Science and knowledge service of the European Commission
• Support EU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle
• Agriculture and food security • Economic and Monetary Union • Energy and transport • Environment and climate change • Health and consumer protection • Information Society • Innovation and growth • Nuclear safety and security • Safety and Security • Standards
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Contents
• European policies context • Copernicus program • MDA research at JRC
• Ship reporting data • Satellite radar images
• GNSS and Space weather research at JRC • Conclusions
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Some recent EU policies … … relevant to Space / Maritime / Security
13.09.2012 Blue Growth: Opportunities for Marine and Maritime Sustainable Growth
22.10.2013 European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) 11.12.2013 European Satellite Navigation Systems (Galileo, EGNOS) 3.4.2014 Copernicus Program (Earth observation) 24.6.2014 European Union Maritime Security Strategy 28.4.2015 The European Agenda on Security 27.4.2016 An Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic 6.2016 A Global Strategy for the EU’s Foreign & Security Policy 14.9.2016 European Border and Coast Guard 14.9.2016 Amending European Maritime Safety Agency 26.10.2016 Space Strategy for Europe 10.11.2016 International Ocean Governance 30.11.2016 European Defence Action Plan
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Copernicus
• EU’s program for Earth observation • Satellite-based + in-situ data
1. Satellite images - free and open
2. Services (derived info) - for authorised users
• Land • Atmosphere • Marine environment • Climate change monitoring • Emergency Management • Security applications:
• Border surveillance • Maritime surveillance • Support to EU external action
Satellites: - Sentinel-1 radar images - Sentinel-2 optical images - Sentinel-3 … -6 low resolution
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Copernicus Security Service – Maritime Surveillance • Implemented by European Maritime
Safety Agency (EMSA) • Integration of satellite observations with
ship reporting data (AIS, LRIT, VMS) • Services / users:
• Maritime borders • Fisheries control • Law enforcement • Marine pollution (coming: Arctic) • coming: Maritime safety • future: Defence
• JRC role: • Technical & operational performance,
user uptake, validation, evolution, R&D
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• Entrusted entity: FRONTEX (European Border & Coast Guard Agency)
• JRC role: similar as previous
Coastal monitoring
Pre-frontier Reference mapping
Anomaly detection
Area surveillance
Vessel detection Vessel
tracking
Copernicus Security Service – Border Surveillance
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JRC research on MDA
Purpose: • Test & demonstrate what is possible
with today’s technologies • Point to gaps with EU-level relevance • Be able to provide policy makers
with technical knowledge
MDA topics: • Analysis of ship reporting data • Analysis of satellite radar images • Maritime data fusion • Also: atmospheric pollution by ships, maritime spatial
planning, fisheries control, …
Currently: More focus on Knowledge Management
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Anomaly detection - example
Historic merchant ship density (normal ship routes)
Track of one ship
Anomaly: - Not on main route - Reversed course
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Anomaly detection
Maritime Knowledge Discovery and Anomaly Detection Workshop JRC Ispra, 5-6 July 2016 22 papers from - Operational users - Companies - R&D and Academia Michele Vespe, Fabio Mazzarella (eds.) ISBN 978-92-79-61301-2 doi: 10.2788/025881
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PMAR project
Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks
Why? • Maritime awareness for African authorities • Piracy
• Plus: Illegal fishing, smuggling, trafficking, environmental protection, maritime safety
How? • Ship reporting systems (AIS, LRIT) • Satellite radar images
What? • Real-time ship traffic picture • Ship traffic density patterns
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From the Ship reporting systems (AIS, LRIT; cooperative)
Fishing ships on 27 March 2015
Ship density in Jan 2015
Real-time: Ships on 6 May 2016 09:16 coloured by type
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From Satellite images (non-cooperative)
Sat/mode Resol- Non-re- ution porting A-2 WBD 90m 13 % RS2 DVWF 70m 33 % RS2 SNB 50m 12 % CSK WR 30m 15 % S-1 IW 20m 68 % TSX SC 20m 56 % A-2 FBD 10m 31 % RS2 F0W2 10m 0 % A-2 HBQ 5m 14 % Overall 29 %
Correlated SAR-AIS
Uncorrelated SAR “= Non-reporting ship”
ALOS-2 PALSAR
DRDC
Together with German Aerospace Centre DLR and Defence R&D Canada
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Sentinel-1 observation plan
https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/observation-scenario
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Bulk Sentinel-1 ship detection
All Sentinel-1A images • Mediterranean Sea • IW mode (250 km swath, 20 m resolution) • 3 Oct 2014 – 30 Sep 2016 (2 years)
11,600 images
220 images
30 images
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Lampedusa
Malta
Sicilia
Linosa
Ships
Wind front high low
Sentinel-1 image, 250 km wide, 30 Jan 2017, 17:03:45 UT, VV polarisation, © Copernicus 2017
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Bulk Sentinel-1 ship detection
On 11,600 images (20 Terabyte): • Ship detection with SUMO
• JRC’s ship detector – “Search for Unidentified Maritime Objects”
• Fully automatic • 608,000 ship detections • Processing on 480-core Linux cluster: 78 min
(0.5 sec / image) • Compare with ship reporting data (AIS) • Make ship density maps
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Excluding recurrent detections 2 years, 11,500 images
Note: All images acquired around 6 AM or 6 PM ! (Due to satellite orbit) … but ALOS-2-Palsar images are around 11 AM
Ship density maps
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JRC’s support to EU GNSS • Working with:
• Policy makers in European Commission • European GNSS Agency
• Activities include: • Technical/scientific support to the EU GNSS Programs • Support review and monitoring of EU-funded industrial R&D • Facilitation of and testing/demonstration activities in JRC’s
GNSS laboratory • Support market uptake of Galileo, assessing readiness of
commercial receivers (e.g., 1st Galileo-enabled smartphone, eCALL automotive modules)
• Support implementation of Commission’s Space Strategy (e.g., establishment of 1st EU Radio Navigation Plan)
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Space Weather and Ionospheric Monitoring
• Assess impact of ionospheric disturbances on performance of GNSS receivers • Collect reference data sets in the Equatorial and Polar regions and make
them publicly available • Facilitate adoption of Galileo’s ionospheric correction model
Six stations currently providing data: Quad-band (L1 L2 L5 or E1 E6 E5ab)
62°05 ′07″ S 58°23′ 29″ W
JRC’s ionospheric scintillation receiver
SANSA’s Antarctic Base
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Final remarks
• The importance of Space is recognised by the EU • The big EU flagship programs are rolling out
• Galileo: 11 satellites “initially useable” • Copernicus: Sentinel-1A+B, Sentinel-2A, Services
• JRC involved in R&D in these areas • Also Emergency Service, Land cover, Floods, …
• The routine image collection of Sentinel-1 and -2, and its free and open data policy, are providing a huge set of data (in its areas of coverage)
• Possibilities for Sentinel-1 / ALOS-2-Palsar synergy on MDA? (Area coverage / overpass time of day)
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Stay in touch
Specific links: Blue Hub – https://bluehub.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks – https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-topic/piracy-maritime-awareness-and-risks
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