sp 471 (m4 - thursday class) week 8
TRANSCRIPT
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Hollywood in Transition
1939-1941 Vertical Integration fully
entrenched
Writers and directors giveand take within theStudio System resulted insome of the greatest andmost influential films ever
produced
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The 1940s
1939 Stagecoach
Gone with the Wind
The Wizard of Oz Mr. Smith Goes to
Washington
The Hunchback of NotreDame
Wuthering Heights Ninotchka
Gunga Din
Beau Geste
Dark Victory
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The 1940s
Gone with the Wind
Definitely a David O. SelznickProduction
A list stars, high productionvalues, extensive & creativepublicity - like a modernblockbuster
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The 1940s
Margaret Mitchells only
novel
Paid $50,000 for the
rights to the novel - mostever at the time
Cost $4 million ($50million today)
3 1/2 hour run time with
an intermission The Search for Scarlett
garnered huge amountsof publicity
Vivien Leigh & Clark Gable
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The 1940s
Began shooting withoutthe lead being cast -supposedly
Selznick constantlyleaked stories about theproduction to the press
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The 1940s PCA wanted to change
the final line Frankly my
dear, I dont give a damn
to I dont care. Selznick paid $5000 &
the line stayed in
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The 1940s
Eight Oscars Best Picture, Actress,
Director, and Best
Supporting Actress HattieMcDaniel as the firstAfrican-American to winan Oscar
"Why should I complainabout making $700 a
week playing a maid? If Ididn't, I'd be making $7 aweek being one."
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The 1940s
1940 The Great Dictator
The Grapes of Wrath
His Girl Friday
The Shop Around theCorner
Rebecca
The Philadelphia Story My Favorite Wife
Fantasia
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The 1940s
U.S. enters the war in1941 2/3 of America went to
the movies every week Hard times = more
money for the studios
Television was availablebut materials were usedfor the war so moviesremained dominant
Casablanca, 1941
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The 1940s
1941 Citizen Kane
The Maltese Falcon
Meet John Doe
Suspicion
Dumbo
The Little Foxes
Sullivans Travels Sergeant York
High Sierra
Ball of Fire
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The 1940s
Citizen Kane, 1941 Orson Welles, director, star
& producer
25 years old & first film
War of the Worldsradiobroadcast panickedaudience
Critically praised butfinancial flop because of
limited release in USbecause of controversialbiographic elements - i.e. anunflattering portrait ofWilliam Randolph Hearstwho owned most U.S.newspapers
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The 1940s
Sparse use of revealingfacial close-ups
Elaborate camera
movements Over-lapping, talk-over
dialogue and layered sound
A cast of characters thatages throughout the film
Flashbacks and non-linearstory-telling
Long, uninterrupted shots orlengthy takes of sequences
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The 1940s
Deep focus - shots withincredible depth-of field andfocus from extremeforeground to extreme
background that emphasizemise en scene (French forplacing on the stage oreverything in the frame)
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The 1940s
Considered one of the mostinfluential films of all time
Welles never again had such
freedom and financing
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The 1940s
Citizen Kanea financialdisappointment
Magnificent Ambersonschopped and dumped to fitthe second feature timeslot
Contract w/RKO wascancelled and career neverrecovered
Spent the next 30 years in
Europe
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The 1940s
America entering WWIIchanged everything America had been
divided about enteringthe war
While the government didnot nationalize theindustry, there were
some new standards toadhere to
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The 1940s
Controversies over suchfilms as The GreatDictatorand other anti-
fascist films were mootafter Pearl Harbor
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The 1940s
Topical Features
Alfred Hitchcocks
SaboteurandForeignCorrespondent
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The 1940s
William Wylers Mrs.Miniver
Ernst Lubitschs To Be or
Not to Be Mervyn LeRoys 30
Seconds Over Tokyo
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The 1940s
Walt Disney
First full-length animatedfeature: Snow White,
1937
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The 1940s
Bambi, 1942
Dumbo, 1941
Fantasia, 1940
Pinocchio, 1940
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The 1940s
Everyone pitched in
Betty Grable
Marlene Dietrichentertaining the troops
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The 1940s
Many stars anddirectors enlisted
Made propaganda filmsas well as fought
John Hustons The Battle of San Pietro, Clark Gable &Combat America, William Wylers The Memphis Belle
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The 1940s
Even Walt Disneypitched in withhundreds of training
and propaganda films
Der Fuehrer's Face
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The 1940s
Changes in Genre The Womens Picture
Films such as Now
Voyager and My FoolishHearttargeted thechanging role of women
Women had to learn tolive without a man and/or
children
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The 1940s
Patriotic to Post-warRealism and Film
Noir Shift in psyche
Austere,deglamorized &
ambivalent Social realism
The Postman Always Rings Twice, 1946
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The 1940sWilliam Wylers Best Years of Our Lives, 1946
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The 1940s
Cast non-actor HaroldRussell Won both the Academy
Award as the year's BestSupporting Actor and asecond, honorary Oscar"for bringing hope andcourage to his fellowveterans." He is the only
actor ever to win twoOscars for the same role
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The 1940s
House Un-AmericanActivities Committeeand Hollywood
established in 1937 toinvestigate un-Americanand subversiveactivities
Investigated Hollywood in1947
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The 1940s
Prove that the ScreenWriters Guild hadCommunist members
Show that these writers
were able to insertsubversive propagandainto Hollywood films
J. Parnell Thomas, head ofthe committee, argued that
President Roosevelt hadencouraged pro-Sovietfilms during the war.
J. Parnell Thomas & Jack Warner
of Warner Brothers
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The 1940s
1948 - the beginning of theend for the Studio System MGM, Warner Brothers, Fox,
Paramount and RKO had todivest of their theatres
Theatres could play any moviefrom any studio
Box office fell as studios wereforced to compete with each
other and with
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The 1940s
Television
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The 1940s
Began a decline in boxoffice that was notreversed until Jaws,
1975
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The 1940s
White Heat, 1949 James Cagney, Virginia Mayo,
Edmund OBrien
Inspired by real life gangsterMa Barker & her sons
Film was Cagneys return tothe gangster role
Anticipates the documentaryrealism of 1950s crime films
Cagneys last great role
Film contains increasedviolence and Freudianpsychological overtones aswell as elements from Greek
tragedy (Oedipus)
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The 1940s
Raoul Walsh, 1887-1980 52 year career spanning
early silents to the 1960s
Assistant to D.W. Griffith &was in Birth of a Nation
Discovered John Wayne
Known for his quick pacingin filmsan actiondirector
Invented the Point of Viewshot
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The 1940s
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The 1930s
James Cagney, 1889-1986 Quintessential tough guy
but also an accomplishedsinger & dancer
Retired in 1961 did 2 morefilms in the 80s
Films include: The Public Enemy, Each Dawn
I Die, White Heat, The RoaringTwenties, Yankee Doodle
Dandy, Mister Roberts, One,Two, Three
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