sovremeni transportni tehnologii
TRANSCRIPT
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2007
RO RO
LO LO
RO RO/LO LO
FO FO
HUCKEPACK
. , , , . , : 1) , 2) , 3) RO-RO , 4) LO-LO , 5) RO-LO , 6) FO-FO LASH , 7) HUCKEPACK 8) . 1. : 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) . 1.1. , (: , , , , , ) , , . , . , . . , , , RO-R Huckepack .
. :
1.2. , , . , , : 1) , 2) -, 3) 4) . -, : , , ... , , 1200x1000 mm, 1000 . . , . , , .
Organization . ISO ) . , 1200 mm 800 mm, ( 80%), 1200 mm 1000 mm. , . 1200 mm 800 mm 1200 mm1000 mm. , 1200 mm800 mm, ,
1 2 0 0 m m 1 0 0 0 m m .
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, , . . . . , , , . , .. . , , . ( ) . 1200 mm 800 mm 1200 mm 1000 mm. 800
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2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 m m .
: B-747 (BOEING), A-300 (AIRBUS) L-1011 (LOCKHEED). , . , , , , . 1.3. . , , - , , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) . (hardver) , , ( ), .... 1.4. , ,
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1997 1998 .
: 1999 6.000 5.000.000 TEU, 150.000.000 TEU 3.000.000.000 . , , . : - , 1 3 3 3 . . (UIC) : - 1,0 1,2 3 1,2 2,0 3 2,0 3,0 3 . , . - , 3 10 3, 10 , 6 . ,,,, (,,pa,, parteur anemag),
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LD 3 LD-3, FRIGO LD 7 LD 7, FRIGO 10' 20' Za eden konj Za tri konja Za tri konja otvorena konstrukcija 156 156 318 303 318 606 279 318 213 153 153 224 209 224 244 60 244 233 163 163 163 160 244 244 210 235 185 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310 B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310, B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310, DC8F B747M/F, B747M/F, B747F, B747M/F, DC8F, B747M/F, B737, B747, DC8F,
2.3. , - . , : , , . , , ISO . : . - , , : 1968 , 700 TEU 18 20 (nm/h). 1970 , 1.500 TEU, 22(nm/h) . 1973 , 3.000 TEU, 30(nm/h) . 1970 , . 4.000 TEU, 28 (nm/h) . 1985 . 4.500 TEU, 28 (nm/h) .
1990 . 5.500 TEU, (nm/h). . (Hong Kong, Singapore, Rotterdam, Kaohsiung, ...). . , 6.500 TEU. , , , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , feeder servis, . 1.320 TEU, 42 (nm/h), . ,, Concorde-mlaznici,,. 1.320 TEU, 130 150 $, 100 $.
. Roll on Roll off ( RO RO ) () (), , , : , , , , , , , .. RO RO . . ( ) , (.. Roll on ), , , , (.. Roll off ). RO RO ,, ,, , RO RO , , . ( .. LUF Lift Unit Frame ), , RO RO 2.000 (nm). . Lift on Lift off ( LO-LO) ,, ,,
( , ) . ( ).
(Full container ships) , . (Feeder ships). , , ( ,, ,,) . Feeder 100 1.500 TEU, 18 (vorovi).( 1 vor/h =1,852 km/h). FO . Float on Float off FO FO ( ), ( ) () LASH (LASH ,,Lighter Aboard Ship,,
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1) RO-RO , 2) RO-RO , 3) RO-RO .
3.1. RO-RO () , : , , , , , , RO-RO . . , , (Roll on , ), , , , (Roll off , ). , Roll on Roll off ( RO-RO . :
4:
, , , , , . , , , , , LASH . RO-RO
.. RO-RO , .
RO-RO , RO-RO RO-RO . La Manchea. RO-RO , RO-RO . RO-RO , , RO-RO RO-RO .
, , , , (). ( Stowable RO-RO). RO-RO , ,
(, , , -, , ). Sto Ro , . 20 . , RO-RO . . 150 , 21,5 , 18 , 6,5 , 20 , 7.000 DWT. 60 , 80 . , , , 1.300 . , . 90 . 100 , , () . . . , 20 80 , , () . RO-RO , . , , LUF (LUF ,,Lift Unit Frame,,)
, , LO LO . :
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, : RO-RO , .. . 15 %. RO-RO .
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10. RO-RO .
11: RO-RO .
4. LO LO , : 1) LO LO , 2) LO LO , 3) LO LO .
, , , , . , . , , RO RO, FO FO, . , ( , ...) . , , , , LO LO . , LO LO , . LO LO , , . . , , , . , , , .
LO LO 1. 2. , , 3. ,
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-, , . LO LO . 15.000 LO LO ( ) , . , . , , , .
, ,, ,, . LO LO , , , , RO-RO, FO-FO, Huckepacke. LO LO , .
LO ) , .. , RO RO LO LO .
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RO-RO LOLO , . , RO-RO LO-LO , . , . , RO LO .
: 1) FO-FO LASH , 2) FO-FO LASH , 3) FO-FO LASH .
( , , ) , LASH . LASH ( ,,Lighter Aboard Ship,, ,, ,, ) LASH . , , , , ( ) , .
, , . , , . , , , , . (, , .. ,, ,,). , , , , . (), . ) , , , , , () ,,feeder LASH,, , , , , , , , , , ,,feeder LASH,, , .
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: Huckepack ? , , Huckepack / , , , ( ) , / () ( ) . , Huckepack () ( ) , .
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Huckepack , .. . , . . ( ) . , , Huckepack .
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Rollende Landstrasse),
, 50- XX , 60- . 1954 . . , . . , , , .
Hupac, 1967 Chiasso, . Ludwigshafen () . , , Hans Bertschi (. 2.1.). 118 cm . , 3 m. 1967 Hans Bertschi Hupac. 60- , - .
Basel-Melide, RLa , . 13,5 m, 45 cm. 360 mm. 1969. Melide , Lugan. BaselLugano .
, , R-La Cologne Ludwigsburg .
( huckepack ), , Hupac. 1971 Ro-La , . Keln, Verona (). Ro-La . , , . Tablot, 1980 , . , 17 t 19,09 m. 38 t, 40 t. R-La , , . R-La 20 25 28 . . , Ro-La , .
R-La . 1994 Kombiverkehr R-La .
, . Okombi Hucketrans. 1970 Hucketrans RLa Bludenz-Schoenwies Arlberg. , . 1972 . , . . . , R-La , Okombi . Okombi R-La 200 Adtranz-Greenbrier. , Worgl-Verona Maribor-Wels, 2001 . - ,, ,, (1994-2005)
,,huckepack,, ), ( 3.1.) , 1994 2005 . , huckepack UIRR, , UIRR.
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huckepack , ( 3.3). huckepack .
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