southwest asia: human environment interaction unit 7: chapter 21, section 3 pages 495-499
TRANSCRIPT
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Southwest Asia: Human Environment Interaction
Unit 7: Chapter 21, section 3
Pages 495-499
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Today’s Objectives
The student is expected to:
1. Examine the procurement and distribution of water resources in Southwest Asia.
2. Describe the formation, production and movement of oil in the region.
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Main Ideas• Water is critical to
regional physical survival and economic development. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanat
• Discovery of oil increased the global economic importance of Southwest Asia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ShellMartinez-refi.jpg#file
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Fresh Water
• Most critical resource in region
• Available in small amts & w/o consistent supply
•Sound: http://www.grsites.com
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Dams & Irrigation Systems
• Lg. pop. Lg. scale farming
• Farming requires irrigation
• H2O for irrigation comes from man-made lakes created by dams
• Dams also provide hydroelectricity
Ataturk Dam, Turkey http://www.adiyamanli.org/ataturk_dam.htm
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Controversy Over Water
• Countries downstream from the dam lose the use of the water for irrigation or hydroelectricity.
• Land is lost by rising water behind the dam
• Land downstream no longer receives river’s sediment
http://www.adiyamanli.org/ataturk_dam.htm
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Water Systems
• Drip Irrigation: small pipes/hoses that slowly drip water just above the ground to conserve water used for crops.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_irrigation
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Water Systems
http://en.wikipedia.org
Irrigation canal
Qanatunder-ground brick-lined tunnels
Noria water wheel used to lift water from river to fields
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Modern Water Technology
• Desalinization: removal of salt from ocean water, done at a technically sophisticated water treatment plant.
• However, some desalinated water may be too salty for irrigation, so it’s used in sewage systems & industrial uses.
• http://www.gewater.com/images/multimedia/desal/main_ie.html (intro only)
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Oil from the Sand
• SW Asia contains ~1/2 of all the world’s petroleum reserves.
• Petroleum products are an important part of the world’s economy.
• SW Asia is a VERY important region economically.
http://maps101.com/Application/Catalog/Product.aspx?cid=60&pid=1100
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Forming Petroleum
• Formed millions of years ago when an ancient sea covered SW Asia.
• Microscopic plants & animals lived in the sea & died in the water.
• Remains sank into the mud below.
• Pressure & heat transformed the material into hydrocarbons, the chemical basis of oil & natural gas.
• Oil & nat. gas are trapped in the microscopic pores of rock.
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• Middle East All-Operations Facts: http://www.chevron.com/operations/middle_east/map.asp• 1: Saudi Arabia — Company recorded first Saudi Arabia oil discovery in 1938.• 2: Kuwait — Discovered Kuwait's Burgan Field, world's second-largest, in 1938. Technical Services Agreement
assures continued technology progress. • 3: Saudi Arabia and Kuwait — In the onshore Partitioned Neutral Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, crude
oil total production has reached 3 billion barrels.4: Saudi Arabia — At Al Jubail, built the Kingdom's first privately financed major petrochemical plant
• 5: Bahrain — Bahrain's first oil discovery in 1932.• 6: Qatar — Qatar activities include world-scale polyethylene complex and five-year onshore exploration.
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Transporting Oil
• Crude Oil pumped from the ground must be moved to the refinery.
• Pipelines transport the crude oil to refineries or ports where oil is refined.
• Lines are located near existing ports or other transportation markets, especially the Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Med. Sea.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transport
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Risks of Transporting Oil
• 1991January 26 - KUWAIT - An estimated 240 million gallons of oil were spilled from terminals, tankers and oil wells during the final phase of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
• http://www.marinergroup.com/oil-spill-history.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
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Check for Understanding
Copy & answer these questions:
1. What is the most critical resource in SW Asia?
2. What are some ways water is supplied?
3. Why might transporting oil be risky?