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Research Experience in Carbon Sequestration

June 13, 2016

Southern Companys CCS Portfolio; Key

R&D and Commercialization Issues

Richard A. Esposito, Ph.D.

Southern Company

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Large-Demo Commercial-DemoPilot-DemoPerformance & CostReduction

1-10 MWe Scale

Engineering &Operation

10-100 MWe Scale

Reliability

100+ MWe Scale

ResearchPerformance & CostReduction

Bench-top Scale

Technology Development Curve

TechnologyMaturity

2010 201620142012 2018 2020 2030

$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $,$$$$,$$$

Demonstration: ashowing of the merits of a

product or service to a

prospective consumerFull-time research at small unit or slip-stream

Gather results for commercial projects

Utility host and vendors are main funders

DOE & EPRI funding necessary

Commercial: suitable,adequate, or prepared for

[normal] commerce

Small full-scale plant

Proof-of-performance research; guarantees

Host utility funded

DOE & EPRI funding possible

Research:studious inquiry

or examination

First step in process

Many ideas, many failures

Utilities usually not funding orinvolved

Typically university andnational lab work

Development: toexpand by a process of

growthMove from lab to practical testing

Only successful ideas from smaller scaleUtilities get involved

Host utility + DOE & EPRI funding

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Awesome University Professor!

3

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!GHG environmental regulations

!Abundant domestic fossil-fuel

resources with stable pricing

!

Depreciated fossil-fuel generationassets with state-of-the-art

environmental controls

!Maintain a balanced fuels portfolio

!Challenging regional renewable

portfolio in the Southeast

!World class sequestration geology

with demand for CO2-EOR

!Become an informed consumer

CCUS Technology Drivers

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CommercialCCUS

Economic CaptureAdvanced processesNew chemistry

Economies of scaleStation service

Capital costs

Secure StorageSite characterizationMonitoring tools

Injection simulationUIC permitting

Scenario PlanningSystem analysisCO2use/certification

Regional infrastructureIntegration

Public AcceptanceInternal stakeholdersRegulators

NGOsGeneral public

The Commercialization Puzzle

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CCUS R&D Program

Efforts key to our long-term program success

"

Applied Science

Carbon Capture

Utilization Storage

Capture

Transportation

Pilot Scale

Storage

Laboratory Testing

Storage Program

Demonstration Scale Applied Science

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Plant Barry CCS Demonstration

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