south west asia and north africa: an introduction
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South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction. Algeria. Oasis, Sinai Peninsula. Bedouin People, Lebanon. Qatar. Nile River at Aswan, Egypt photo: Mark Chickering. Medinet Habu Temple, Egypt Photo: Mark Chickering. Rub al Khali Desert, Yemen. Yemen. Photos by Amira Bakr. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction
Algeria
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Oasis, Sinai Peninsula
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Bedouin People, Lebanon
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Qatar
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Nile River at Aswan, Egypt photo: Mark Chickering
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Medinet Habu Temple, Egypt
Photo: Mark Chickering
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Rub al Khali Desert, Yemen
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Yemen
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White Desert, Sahara, EgyptPhotos by Amira Bakr
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White Desert, Sahara
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“Magic Well, White Desert
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White Desert
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View of the Nile
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Red Sea
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Sinai Mtns
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Physiographic Regions There are diverse features interspersed across the Middle East and North Africa:• Mountain Ranges
• Coastal Lowlands
• Highland Plateaus
• Floodplains
• Deserts
Two Crucial River Systems:Tigris-Euphrates in Fertile CrescentNile (White Nile/Blue Nile) in North Africa
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Middle East and North Africa Elevations
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Generalized Tectonics of the Middle East
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Climate
• Variable
• Orographic Rainfall
• Largely Arid- consider it’s location around 20-30N
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Climate in Middle East and North Africa
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Domestication of plants and animals led to:
Agricultural Mini-Systemsa. Development of villagesb. Extended family systems, reorganization of land, resourcesc. Specialization in non-agriculture craftsd. Trade Networks
TurkeyPhoto: Hadi Arslan, Trek Earth
Rich Cultural Heritage
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Ancient Sites of Fertile Crescent
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Trade Routes in Greco-Roman World
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Recent Empires in the Middle East
• Ottoman
• European Mandates and Colonies, 1914- post World War II
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Colonial Regimes in 1914
Figure 6.11
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Family
Importance of kinship and tribe
Family as physical space and functional group
Gendered architecture
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Women at a mosque, Saudi ArabiaPhoto: Sherine Abdel Rassoul, Trek Earth
Gender Roles and Gender Spaces
public vs private male vs female role of chador or veil
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Restrictions on Women
Figure 6.24
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Contemporary Issues
Most contemporary problems stem from two things:
1. Boundaries and borders created by colonial powersExamples: Israel and Palestine
IraqSudan – Darfur and South Sudan
2. Strategic importance of region to political and economic interests of core countries
Israel and PalestineIraq, Iran
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North Yemen- independent of Ottoman Empire in 1918
South Yemen- independent of British in 1967
North and South join in 1990 after 2 decades of fighting
Socioeconomic protests in 2008 and in 2011, fueled by ‘Arab Spring’
Elections in Feb 2012, Pres. Salih transferred power to his VP, Hadi
Case Study: Yemen and the Rise of Al-Qaeda
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Yemen – Economic Information:
Low income countryReliant on dwindling oil suppliesIMF grant to support economic and political reform • GDP – growth rate -2.5 (211 country in world) (2011)• GDP per cap PPP - $2500 (181 in world)• Unemployment: 35%• Poverty rate: 45.2%• Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.9%highest 10%: 30.8% (2005)
Frontline Video: Al-Qaeda in Yemenhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/al-qaeda-in-yemen/