south dakota forests. forest types black hills flood plain forest upland forest windbreaks and urban...
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South Dakota Forests
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Forest Types
• Black Hills• Flood Plain Forest• Upland Forest• Windbreaks and urban forests
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South Dakota Forests
1. Black Hills Forest
- Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce
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Ponderosa Pine
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Aspen
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Aspen
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Aspen
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Spruce
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Spruce
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Spruce
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South Dakota Forests
1. Black Hills Forest
- Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce
- Encompasses 1.3 million acres in the hills and outlying areas
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• Tunnel under bark of infected trees• Mate and lay up to 75 eggs under bark• Once hatched, larvae tunnel away from
hatched site , feeding as they go
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
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• First major outbreak in 1997• 2006 – about 30% of the area infected
– Estimated around 50% today– Estimated 370,000 acres of ponderosa pine have
been affected in the last 10 years. (out of 1.5 million acres)
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
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Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
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Methods of control
• Prescribed burning of affected areas• Thinning of forest and infected and
threatened areas– Logging– Pile infected logs and burn or woodchip
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
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South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
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American Elm
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Green Ash
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South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
- Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams
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Cottonwood
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Cottonwood
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South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
- Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams
- Total 175,000 acres
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South Dakota Forests
3. Upland forests
- Eastern deciduous forest pockets ...Newton Hills
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South Dakota Forests
4. Windbreaks and Urban forests
- Planted by settlers
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Forest - Prairie
• Encroachment– Trees– Shrubs– Smooth Sumac