south asia. indus river valley civilization (also called: harappan civilization) 330-1300bce one of...
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South Asia
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Indus River Valley Civilization (also called: Harappan Civilization)
330-1300BCE • One of the worlds earliest
urban civilizations. • Population height: over
5m• Traders, artisans,
farmers• Technologically
advanced: sewage systems
• More advanced than many areas of Pakistan & India today!
• Roots of Hinduism found here.
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Colonization• India had millions of people, most were very poor &
either Hindu or Muslim. • For thousands of years, India was ruled by different
dynasties & kingdoms.• Great Britain, France, & Portugal took advantage of
the internal fighting & built colonies in India. • British goal: to get cotton goods, spices, silk & indigo. • French & British East India Companies fought for
control over India - British EIC won.
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Sepoy/Indian Rebellion 1857
• 1st Indian War for independence from British
• Indians angered by British imposing British laws & customs, outlawing many traditional Indian customs.
• Rebellion united the Indians together.
Indian soldier facing execution for protesting the new use of the new rifles smeared with beef & pork grease. Photo
from the movie ”MANGAL PANDEY: THE RISING”
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Gandhi (1869-1948)
& Independence• Born :India College: London.
• Lived & worked in South Africa: Goal to make things better for the ppl of S. Africa & India
• Urged Indians to be peaceful use non-violent resistance .
• Gandhi & others imprisoned multiple times for protesting.
• 1947 India gained independence, 1st PM was Nehru, ally of Gandhi.
• Powerful nation (British) defeated by a peaceful revolution.
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India/Pakistan Partition• When the British left, they divided India
into 2 parts: – Pakistan: Muslim – India: Hindu
• Fighting began over this new border & the “Kashmir region”.
• Gandhi (78 yrs!) – 5 day hunger strike, stopped the fighting.
• 12 days later, a Hindu man, who disagreed with Gandhi's ideas of peace & tolerance for ALL, shot & killed Gandhi.
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Issues in India TodayIssues in India TodayIssues in India TodayIssues in India Today
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private & public ownership.private & public ownership.
Dependent on foreign aid & Dependent on foreign aid & investment investment
Urban areas have high-tech Urban areas have high-tech companies.companies.
3/4 are farmers3/4 are farmers
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economyeconomy””
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economyeconomy””
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Per Capita Income in India
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The Indian Caste System
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Hinduism see religions notes from 1st
semester
• World’s oldest religion.
• More than just a philosophy, is a way of life.
• Hinduism has no founder , no single set of beliefs, no basic religious text (not bound by a single doctrine).
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Sikhism see “Religions” notes from 1st semester for detailed information
• Sikhism combines the Muslim belief in one god with the Hindu belief in karma & reincarnation
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Ganges RiverFor Hindus…
• Holy river
• Expected to bathe in this river at least once in your lifetime.
• washes away your sins.
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TAJ MAHALता�ज महल
Built by the ruler Shah Jahan in the 17th Century as a tomb for his wife.
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India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
1940’s-1970’s1940’s-1970’s
India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
1940’s-1970’s1940’s-1970’s GOAL GOAL make make India self-India self-sufficient in food sufficient in food grains.grains.
Introduced Introduced modern science, modern science, technology, technology, fertilizers & fertilizers & irrigation irrigation methods to help methods to help farmers triple farmers triple their crops their crops
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Population Density
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Influence of Mountains
Population & Settlements• lower elevation = higher pop
Movement• Khyber Pass (in the Hindu Kush
Mts) between Afghanistan & Pakistan. “Gateway for invasions”
Climate• Blocks cold air from the North
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29,035 feet.
Highest mt. peak in the world.
Formed by tectonic plate movement.
The Himalayas
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Thar DesertUp to 127ºF in
July.
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Monsoons• Strong, often
violent winds that change direction with the season.
• WINTER (Nov-April): Monsoons blow from land toward the sea. Result: hot/dry winters
•SUMMER (May-Oct): from the sea toward landResult: rainy summers