south asia gains independence!
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South Asia Gains Independence!. Discovery Streaming Clip. For years, independent movements lead by Gandhi made little leeway in India’s independence After WWII, Great Britain was ready give up her empire. Indian National Congress. Claimed to represent all of India - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
South Asia Gains Independence!
South Asia Gains Independence!
For years, independent movements lead by Gandhi made little leeway in India’s independence
After WWII, Great Britain was ready give up her empire
For years, independent movements lead by Gandhi made little leeway in India’s independence
After WWII, Great Britain was ready give up her empire
Discovery Streaming ClipDiscovery Streaming Clip
Indian National CongressIndian National Congress
Claimed to represent all of India
India in 1940s had 350 million Hindus, 100 million Muslims
The INC had many Muslim members and even Muslim presidents
Claimed to represent all of India
India in 1940s had 350 million Hindus, 100 million Muslims
The INC had many Muslim members and even Muslim presidents
Partition: Dividing UpPartition: Dividing Up
Muslim LeagueMuslim League Formed in 1906 to
protect Muslim interests Concerned the INC
looked out for Hindu interests
Muslims should resign from INC
Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Proposed that India be partitioned (Gandhi hurt by this)
Formed in 1906 to protect Muslim interests
Concerned the INC looked out for Hindu interests
Muslims should resign from INC
Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Proposed that India be partitioned (Gandhi hurt by this)
Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons
CountryCountry United States Russia China France Israel* United Kingdom India Pakistan North Korea Total
United States Russia China France Israel* United Kingdom India Pakistan North Korea Total
WarheadsWarheads 10,455 8,400 400 350 250 200 65 40 8 20,168
10,455 8,400 400 350 250 200 65 40 8 20,168
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The NPT is a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. A total of 187 parties have joined the Treaty, including the five nuclear-weapon States. More countries have ratified the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the Treaty's significance.
The NPT is a landmark international
treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. A total of 187 parties have joined the Treaty, including the five nuclear-weapon States. More countries have ratified the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the Treaty's significance.
World IssuesWorld Issues
What problems are occurring due to toxic chemicals found in nuclear weapons?
What problems are occurring due to toxic chemicals found in nuclear weapons?
A Sibling RivalryA Sibling RivalryA Sibling RivalryA Sibling Rivalry
India India
& &
PakistanPakistan
India India
& &
PakistanPakistan
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Home to the Indus River Valley civiliz.
Gradually annexed by the Raj in 18th c.
Colonized by UK by 19th c.
1947 - independence
Current Global Stats:
Most populous democracy
2nd most populous country
12th largest economy
Home to the Indus River Valley civiliz.
Gradually annexed by the Raj in 18th c.
Colonized by UK by 19th c.
1947 - independence
Current Global Stats:
Most populous democracy
2nd most populous country
12th largest economy
IndiaIndiaA HistoryA HistoryIndiaIndiaA HistoryA History
PakistanPakistanA HistoryA History
PakistanPakistanA HistoryA History
Part of British India until 1947Official division from India when
Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Muslim League lead independence movement
Current Global Stats:
Currently 6th most populous nation in world Currently 2nd largest Muslim population (after
Indonesia)
Part of British India until 1947Official division from India when
Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Muslim League lead independence movement
Current Global Stats:
Currently 6th most populous nation in world Currently 2nd largest Muslim population (after
Indonesia)
PartitionPartitionTwo parts of India were divided, Bengal and
Punjab. The east became East Pakistan and west formed the West Pakistan.
Two parts of India were divided, Bengal and Punjab. The east became East Pakistan and west formed the West Pakistan.
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PartitionPartition
7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan from India
7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan after partition.
7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan from India
7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan after partition.
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Mass MovementMass Movement QuickTime™ and a
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Division Problems Division Problems Division Problems Division Problems
Kashmir Kashmir - small region nestled in Himalayan foothills in-between India & Pakistan
Kashmir Kashmir - small region nestled in Himalayan foothills in-between India & Pakistan
STRATEGIC STRATEGIC LOCATIONLOCATION Headwaters of
Indus River Indus begins in
Kashmir, flows through Pakistan and then into India
STRATEGIC STRATEGIC LOCATIONLOCATION Headwaters of
Indus River Indus begins in
Kashmir, flows through Pakistan and then into India
KashmirKashmirKashmirKashmir RELIGIOUS SITERELIGIOUS SITE
~80% Muslim, want to be part of Pakistan
~10% Sikhs, want to be remain part of India
RELIGIOUS SITERELIGIOUS SITE ~80% Muslim, want
to be part of Pakistan
~10% Sikhs, want to be remain part of India
Bottom LineBottom Line For India, Kashmir is a buffer For Pakistan, Kashmir is Muslim & offers a fertile roadway
Bottom LineBottom Line For India, Kashmir is a buffer For Pakistan, Kashmir is Muslim & offers a fertile roadway
Under partition from India Independence Act in 1947
The Maharaja signed over to India in exchange for military aid & promised referendum
1999-bitter conflict when Pakistani forces infiltrated territory in Kashmir
Tense environment, conflict & animosity continues
Under partition from India Independence Act in 1947
The Maharaja signed over to India in exchange for military aid & promised referendum
1999-bitter conflict when Pakistani forces infiltrated territory in Kashmir
Tense environment, conflict & animosity continues
Why Part of IndiaWhy Part of IndiaWhy Part of IndiaWhy Part of India
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PakistanPakistanMuslim
majorityKashmir should
be allowed to vote on future
PakistanPakistanMuslim
majorityKashmir should
be allowed to vote on future
Rival ClaimsRival ClaimsRival ClaimsRival Claims
IndiaIndiaDoes not want
international debate
Simla agreement of 1972 makes decision
IndiaIndiaDoes not want
international debate
Simla agreement of 1972 makes decision
VS
Divides region - passes
through mountainous
region where bitter cold
claims more lives than
military conflict
India=Jammu & Kashmir
Pakistan = “Azad” (free)
Kashmir
Divides region - passes
through mountainous
region where bitter cold
claims more lives than
military conflict
India=Jammu & Kashmir
Pakistan = “Azad” (free)
Kashmir
Decision = Line Decision = Line of Controlof Control
Decision = Line Decision = Line of Controlof Control
Slumped in grief, a Muslim cleric leads funeral prayers for his son killed by Indian security troops. Some call Kashmir's insurgents mujahidin, holy warriors for Islam. Other call them criminals, whose victims,of kidnapping, extortion, and rape,are often other Kashmiris.
Slumped in grief, a Muslim cleric leads funeral prayers for his son killed by Indian security troops. Some call Kashmir's insurgents mujahidin, holy warriors for Islam. Other call them criminals, whose victims,of kidnapping, extortion, and rape,are often other Kashmiris.
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Asiya Andrabi exhorts the Dukhtarani-Millat “Daughters of Faith” to press for Kashmir's union with Pakistan. She continues despite a year and a
half spent in an Indian prison for
Asiya Andrabi exhorts the Dukhtarani-Millat “Daughters of Faith” to press for Kashmir's union with Pakistan. She continues despite a year and a
half spent in an Indian prison for
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Artillery thunder shakes the Karakoram Range as Pakistani soldiers trade fire with Indian opponents across the Siachen Glacier. The deadly game of serve and volley has erupted into all-out war three times since British colonial rule ended in 1947. Risks are growing; both nations have tested nuclear weapons.
Artillery thunder shakes the Karakoram Range as Pakistani soldiers trade fire with Indian opponents across the Siachen Glacier. The deadly game of serve and volley has erupted into all-out war three times since British colonial rule ended in 1947. Risks are growing; both nations have tested nuclear weapons.
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India successfully tested 5 nuclear devices in 1998
Harsh criticism followed from the West for it’s violation of the comprehensive test ban treaty (India never signed it)
Pakistan follows suit-tests 6 devices later that month
India successfully tested 5 nuclear devices in 1998
Harsh criticism followed from the West for it’s violation of the comprehensive test ban treaty (India never signed it)
Pakistan follows suit-tests 6 devices later that month
What’s Next?What’s Next?Nuclear RaceNuclear Race
What’s Next?What’s Next?Nuclear RaceNuclear Race
War & TerrorismWar & TerrorismWar & TerrorismWar & Terrorism
In the past 60 years, Pakistan & India have fought three wars over ownership of Kashmir. India won all three.
Today, the fight continues with acts of terrorism. The people of Kashmir are probably wondering why the UN won't help them and why the US won't help them.
In the past 60 years, Pakistan & India have fought three wars over ownership of Kashmir. India won all three.
Today, the fight continues with acts of terrorism. The people of Kashmir are probably wondering why the UN won't help them and why the US won't help them.
Why won’t we help?Why won’t we help?Why won’t we help?Why won’t we help?
On one hand, we have a treaty with Pakistan that says if they go to war with anyone, we will help them. Pakistan shares a border with Afghanistan. In our fight on terrorism, that border is most important.
On the other hand, we do a great deal of trade with India that is mutually advantageous. But mostly, India is our friend.
On one hand, we have a treaty with Pakistan that says if they go to war with anyone, we will help them. Pakistan shares a border with Afghanistan. In our fight on terrorism, that border is most important.
On the other hand, we do a great deal of trade with India that is mutually advantageous. But mostly, India is our friend.
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What is the future for Kashmir?
What is the future for Kashmir?
Log in to Moodle and access The Kashmir Plan forum
Log in to Moodle and access The Kashmir Plan forum
Words to Consider:Words to Consider:plebiscite 1. a direct vote of the qualified voters of a
state in regard to some important public question. 2. the vote by which the people of a political unit determine autonomy or affiliation with another country.
Self Determination the determining by the people of the form their government shall have, without reference to the wishes of any other nation, esp. by people of a territory or former colony.
plebiscite 1. a direct vote of the qualified voters of a state in regard to some important public question. 2. the vote by which the people of a political unit determine autonomy or affiliation with another country.
Self Determination the determining by the people of the form their government shall have, without reference to the wishes of any other nation, esp. by people of a territory or former colony.