1. SOUTH AMERICA

2. INTRODUCTION South America, fourth largest continent , the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere. It is divided politically into 12 independent countriesArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuelaand the overseas department of French Guiana. The continent extends from Punta Gallinas, Colombia, in the north to Cape Horn, Chile, in the south. At its broadest point, near where it is crossed by the equator. South America is connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama; it is washed on the N by the Caribbean Sea, on the E by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the W by the Pacific Ocean. 3. GEOGRAPHY South America occupies the southern portion of the American landmass. South America also includes some of the nearby islands Aruba, Bonaire, Curaao, Trinidad, Tobago. Other islands that are included with South America are the Galpagos Islands that belong to Ecuador and Easter Island. South America is home to the world's highest waterfall The Angel Falls and the 2nd largest river Amazon, the longest mountain range, the Andes, the driest place on earth, the Atacama Desert ,the largest rainforest, the Amazon Rainforest, the highest capital city, La Paz, Bolivia, the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, Lake Titicaca. 4. HISTORY South America has a history that spans a wide range of human cultural and civilizational forms. In the 1500's, Spain and Portugal colonized much of South America. The colonies gained independence in the 1800's . Through the trans-Atlantic slave trade, South America became the home of millions of people in the African diaspora. The mixing of races led to new social structures. The tensions between colonial countries in Europe, indigenous peoples and escaped slaves shaped South America from the 16th through the 19th Centuries. A few countries did not gain independence until the 20th century.French Guiana remains an overseas department of France. 5. COUNTRIES IN SOUTH AMERICA A BBoliviaCChileEEcuadorGGuyanaPParaguaySSurinameUUruguayVArgentinaVenezuelaBrazil ColombiaPeru 6. ARGENTINA Official Name: Argentine Republic Size: 1.1 million square miles, about the size of the U.S. east of the Mississippi River Population: 42,192,494 as of 2012 Capital: Buenos Aires Official Language: Spanish Currency: Peso Climate: Mostly mild temperatures; very cold in the southwest; very dry in the southeast Products: Sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, peanuts, livestock; tin, iron ore, steel, clothing and fabric, cars and trucks Literacy: 97% of the population can read and write. 7. BOLAVIA Official Name: Plurinational State of Bolivia Size: 424,164 square miles, about the size of California and Texas together Population: 10,461,053 as of 2013 Capitals: La Paz (administrative); Sucre (constitutional) Languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara Climate: Varies with altitude; tropical to cold and semiarid Currency: Boliviano Products: Natural gas, oil, silver, zinc, tin; soybeans, coffee, corn, cotton 8. BRAZIL Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil Size: 3,827,612square miles, about the size of the U.S. Population: 203,429,773 as of July 2011 Capital: Braslia Official Languages: Portuguese Climate: Mostly tropical; cooler in the south Currency: Real Agriculture Products: coffee, soy beans, wheat, rice, corn, sugar cane, cocoa, citrus, beef Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles Products: Coffee, soy beans; beef; iron ore; footwear, motor vehicles 9. Chile Official name: Republic of Chile Size: 292,258 square miles(756, 102 square kilometers); slightly larger than Texas Population: 16,888,760 as of July 2011 Capital: Santiago Official Language: Spanish Currency: Chilean peso Literacy: 95.7%% Climate: Desert in the north; mild in the central region; cool and damp in the south Agriculture: Grapes, apples, pears, strawberries, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, beef Products: Copper mining, fish farming, iron and steel, wood and wood products, cement, transport equipment 10. COLOMBIA Official name: Republic of Colombia Size: 439,735 square miles (1,138,910 square kilometers); about four times the size of Nevada Population: 44,725,543 as of 2011 Capital: Bogot Climate: Tropical; hot and wet along coasts and eastern plains,cooler in highlands Official Language: Spanish Currency: Peso Products: Petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, cut flowers 11. ECAUDOR Official name: Republic of Ecuador Size: 109,483 square miles, slightly smaller than Nevada Population: 15,007,343 as of July 2011 Capital: Quito Official language: Spanish Currency: U.S. dollar Literacy: 91% Climate: Tropical along coast and in the Amazonian jungle lowlands; cooler inland and at higher elevations Agriculture: Bananas, coffee, cocoa, shrimp, petroleum 12. GUAYANA Official Name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana short form: Guyana ,former: British Guiana Size:83,000 square miles Population: 787 000 as of 2010 Capital : Georgetown Official languages: English Currency: Guyanese dollar Literacy: 92% Climate: tropical; hot, humid, moderated by north-east trade winds, two rainy seasons Agriculture:wheat, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, citrus fruits, pepper and pumpkin 13. PARAGUAY Capital: Asuncin Currency: Paraguayan guaran Official languages: Spanish Language, Paraguayan Guaran Size: 157,047 square miles Official Name: Repblica del Paraguay Population: 6.4 million as of 2010 Currency: Guaran Literacy: 91.6%. Climate: Temperate east of the Paraguay River, semiarid to the west. Agriculture products: Cotton, sugar cane, soy beans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber. 14. PERU Official name: Republic of Peru Size: 496,225 square miles, slightly smaller than Alaska Population: 29,248,943 as of 2011 Capital: Lima Climate: Coastal areas, hot and dry; eastern lowlands, hot and humid; Andes, cooler Official languages: Spanish and Quechua Products: Potatoes, fish, rice, asparagus, cocoa; copper, lead, oil, gold, silver 15. SURINAME Official Name: Republiek SurinameCapital City: ParamariboArea: 63,251 square milesPopulation: 525,000 as of 2012Official languages: DutchClimate: Tropical; moderated by trade winds.Agriculture : Paddy rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts, beef, chickens, shrimp.Currency: Surinamese GuilderLiteracy: 90% 16. URAGUAY Official Name: Repblica Oriental del UruguayArea: 68,000 square milesClimate: Temperate.Population: 3.25 million as of 2011Official languages: Spanish.Literacy: 97%.Agriculture products: Rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish. Currency: Uruguayan Peso 17. VENEZUELA Official Name: Repblica Bolivariana de VenezuelaCapital City: CaracasArea: 352,143 square milesClimate: Varies from tropical to temperate, depending on elevation.Population: 27 million (2011)Official languages: SpanishLiteracy: 93%Agriculture : Corn, sorghum, sugar cane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs, fish Currency: Bolivar 18. AMAZING FACTS ABOUT SOUTH AMERICA Did you know South America has the largest rain forest in the world the Amazon. It is around 4 million square kilo-meters and has over 2.5 million insect species. South America is home to many interesting and unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, piranha, jaguar, vicua, and tapir. It is the only continent in the world to have wild Pink Dolphins. All climates are different through out the continent. One fifth of the worlds fresh water is contained in the Amazon rain forest. The worlds longest mountain chain, the Andes, runs 4,505 miles down the western edge of South America. Its steep slopes are terraced to grow barley, potatoes, and wheat on its colder, upper slopes, and coffee, tobacco, and corn on the warmer, lower slopes. South Americans eat a lot of fruits, veggies, nuts, meat, coffee, yerba mat ( looks a bit like spinaches ), milk based desserts, and sugar cane. 19. SITES SCENESJules Wijdenbosch bridge, Cristo Redentor, Brazil SurinameSalar de Uyuni, BoliviaEaster Island, ChileLa Recoleta Cemetery, ArgentinaMount Roraima, Guyana 20. MORE SITESCotopaxi National Park, EcuadorJuncal Island, ParaguayMachu Picchu, PeruItaipu Dam, ParaguayAngel Falls,Venezuela 21. BY: ROHITH & GABRIEL