Unit 6 – South America

Class Motto:

•Knowledge is Power!

• Major Countries• - Brazil• - Venezuela• - Chile• - Colombia• - Argentina• - Bolivia• - Peru• - Ecuador• - Paraguay• - Uruguay

•

• Bodies of Water• - Oceans• - Atlantic• - Pacific

Brazil – sunrise or sunset? What direction are you looking?

• Sea• - Caribbean

Caribbean sea on the coast of Venezuela – What direction are you looking?

• Lakes• - Titicaca (Peru & Bolivia)• - Maracaibo (Venezuela)

Lake Maracaibo - Venezuela

Lake Titicaca - Bolivia

• Amazon River• •

Piranha

• The Amazon holds the most water in the world.

• 4,000 miles long

Silt/Sediment• As deep as 300 feet

Red-bellied Piranha

Pink Dolphin

Fresh water (Amazon) meets salty water (Atlantic Ocean)

• Amazon Basin

•The Amazon River is fed by 1,100 tributaries

• They occur twice a year during the fall and spring equinox when the tides are especially high. • Surfing the Amazon River – (the wave is called “Pororoca”) record surf time is 37

minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7a_2g6uTDb0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

- Tidal Bore – upstream river wave created by ocean tides.

What creates ocean tides?

• Drake Passage

•• - Named after Sir Francis Drake (English pirate)

Strait of Magellan

Iceberg in the Drake Passage

• Angel Falls• - Venezuela• - Highest

waterfall in the world (3,212 ft.)

• Mountain Range• - Andes

Torres del Paine (Andes) - Chile

• Highest Mountain (Argentina)- Mt. Aconcagua (22,841 ft.)

- Highest in Western Hemisphere (higher than Mt. McKinley/Denali)

• Region• - Patagonia (Chile and Argentina)

•

Spanish explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, called the local Native Americans Patagons because he thought they were giants. At the time, the average height for the natives in that area was 5’11’’ and the Spanish was 5’1’’.

• Islands / archipelagos• - Galapagos (Ecuador)

• Falkland Islands (U.K.)• Islas Malvinas (espanol)

•

Stanley, Falkland Islands

• Tierra del Fuego• - Argentina and Chile

Tierra del Fuego

• Strait of Magellan

• Cape Horn• - Chile

The Queen Mary, on her last voyage, sailing around Cape Horn. She was too big to go through the Panama Canal.

Clipper Route – Southern Ocean (40’s lat. – took advantage of strong winds) The Panama and Suez Canals made the route obsolete.

Clipper ShipThanks goodness for the Panama Canal!!!

• Atacama Desert (Chile)• - Driest desert in the world• - 0.04 inches of rainfall per

year

Atacama Desert – location where 33 miners were trapped for 69 days 2,300 ft. below the surface.

Answer these questions:• 1) Is the Amazon the 1st, 2nd or 3rd largest

rainforest in the world?• 2)What % of oxygen do you think the

Amazon provides for the world? 20 or 40%

• 3)Do you think the Amazon has over or under 5 million species of plants, animals and insects? Over/Under 5 Million

• 4)What % of the Amazon has become deforested? 20 or 40%

• 5)What is the biggest reason the forest is being destroyed? Ranching or City Development 42

Questions Cont’d

• 6) Does it pay better to destroy the forest or sustain it? Pays better to destroy/sustain

• 7) Is Chico Mendes an environmentalist or a destroyer of the rainforest? Environmentalist/Destroyer

• 8) What adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere-cars in the U.S. or Deforestation? Cars/Deforestation 43

• Amazon Rainforest

• Amazon Rainforest Facts:• - Largest rainforest in the world (2.1

million sq. miles)

• - Provides 20% of earth’s oxygen•

•

• 79 degrees average temperature

• 80 inches average yearly rainfall Salt Lake City averages 16 inches,

Utah 13

• Trees grow to over 200 ft.

Hotel Monaco (SLC) 214 ft.

Walker Center (SLC) 220 ft.

- 10 million species of plants, animals and insects

- 90% of plants/trees have not yet been studied for science.

•Layers of the rainforest

The rainforest canopy

Bridges amidst the canopy

Toucan – the iconic symbol of the Amazon

Scarlet Macaw

Poison Dart Frogs

Brown Capuchin Monkey

Jararaca Pit Viper

Black Jaguar

Cotton-top Tamarin Monkey

Capybara -largest rodent in the world

Pit Viper

Anaconda

Jaguar

Red-eyed Tree Frog

• Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest • (human modification)

good or bad?

• How much has been destroyed?

• About 20%Just think of all of the untapped resources/treasures (esp. medicines) that have already been lost/destroyed.

• The burning/cutting has slowed down a little, however, it is still going on.

• Why is the rainforest being cleared/destroyed?

• The 3 main reasons rainforests are cleared are: 1. Ranching 2. Farming 3. Logging btw - the land/soil is not very arable.

http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/rain-forest-soil-poor-trees-cut/

• Slash-and-burn agriculture– farming technique in which forest or other vegetation is cleared and burned to put nutrients (ashes) into the soil.

• Destruction vs. Sustainability (maintain)

• - Which pays better?

• Logging - $1,290 per acre (one-time profit)• Cattle pasture - $61 per acre per year

• Sustainability!!!

• Sustainable forest products (food, medicine, rubber) - $2,762 per acre per year

• Chico Mendes (Brazil)• - “Defender of the Rainforest” http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=PXr1eC_bWFo

• - Informal education (self-taught)• - Rubber tapper • - Environmentalist & union leader• - Murdered/assassinated in 1988 @ age

44

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmaQ1a54_ak

http://library.thinkquest.org/27507/people.htm

Check Your Answers• 1) Is the Amazon the 1st, 2nd or 3rd

largest rainforest in the world? #1• 2)What % of oxygen do you think the

Amazon provides for the world? 20%• 3)Do you think the Amazon has over

or under 5 million species of plants, animals and insects? Over

• 4)What % of the Amazon has become deforested? 20%

• 5)What is the biggest reason the forest is being destroyed? Ranching

88

Cont’d• 6) Does it pay better to destroy the

forest or sustain it? Sustain• 7) Is Chico Mendes an

environmentalist or a destroyer of the rainforest? Environmentalist

• 8) What adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere-cars in the U.S. or Deforestation? Deforestation

89

• Major Cities• - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Christ the Redeemer statue – Christo Redentor (130 ft. tall)

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

• Favela– Brazilian shantytown

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

http://vimeo.com/26743164Beginning to about 7:30

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgT1D623U9I

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Favela (shantytown) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Soccer in the favela

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Police presence in the favela

Rio de Janeiro - favela art

Number of favelas in select Brazilian cities

• Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sao Paulo Cathedral

Sao Paulo, Brazil

nice juxtaposition

Law School @ the Univ. of Sao Paulo

Japanese section in Sao Paulo

Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sao Paulo, Brazil

• - Buenos Aires, Argentina

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Buenos Aires, Argentina

• - Santiago, Chile

Santiago, Chile

What mountain range is this? Also, what direction are you looking?

• La Paz, Bolivia• - Capital city with highest altitude/elevation

in the world• (10,000 to 13,500 ft. above sea level)

La Paz - Mt. Illimani (21,000 ft.)

La Paz, Bolivia

Witches market in La Paz, Bolivia

La Paz, Bolivia

• Cuzco, Peru - Capital of the Ancient Inca Empire

• Ancient Structure• - Machu Picchu – Peru (Andes Mts.)• - Built by the Inca’s in the 15th

century A.D.

Cuzco, Peru

Cuzco, Peru

Cuzco, Peru

• - Lima, Peru

Lima, Peru

shantytown in Lima, Peru

Lima, Peru – which ocean?

• - Quito, Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador – you are looking east, is it a sunrise or sunset?

• - Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia

Bogota, Colombia – you are looking west, is it a sunrise or sunset?

• - Caracas, Venezuela

Caracas, Venezuela

Catholic Cathedral in Caracas, Venezuela

Market in Caracas, Venezuela

Caracas, Venezuela

Caracas, Venezuela

KIP

• Religion• - Christianity • - Catholic

Catholic Cathedral in Quito, Ecuador

Brazil has the most Catholics in the world @ about 164 million.

Saint Teresa de los Andes - Chile

Catholic Cathedral in Maracaibo, Venezuela

• Major Languages• - Spanish• - Portuguese - Brazil• - Indigenous (Native)

The darker shades of blue denote a high concentration of Spanish speakers.

Spanish Language Worldwide

• Sports• - Soccer

• - “Hand of God” goal – 1986 World Cup

• - Diego Maradona

• - Argentina v. England (U.K.) - 4 years after Falkland War• - Estadio Azteca – Mexico City• - Argentina won 2 - 1

Argentina defeated West Germany 3 -2 to win the World Cup

• - Andres Escobar’s infamous own goal – 1994 World Cup

•• - Colombia vs. USA• - Rose Bowl – Pasadena, CA• - USA won 2 – 1• - Escobar was murdered July 2nd, 1994

•

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFjke_ahBYY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHzixowbbYU

• - Best soccer player ever? This is arguable (subjective)

Rio Tinto Stadium – Sandy, UT

- Pele (Brazil)

• - Baseball (Venezuela)

Caracas, Venezuela

• - Basketball• - Argentina (2004 Olympic Gold Medal Winners v. USA)

• - TennisGuillermo Vilas – ArgentinaUS, French and Australian Open Champion

Gabriela Sabatini – ArgentinaUS Open Champion

• - Bullfighting

Lima, Peru

Bullfighting Stadium in Bogota, Colombia

• Dance• - Tango (Argentina)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnUJjSfwOcA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

• - Samba (Brazil)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH5IrP1HpYM&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• - Cumbia (Colombia)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nzXMKByUnk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uG5B9nBN57c

• Beauty Pageants – Venezuela• - Winners of six Miss Universe

contests• (2nd only to the U.S.)Dayana Mendoza - 2008

Stefania Fernandez - 2009

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBYzvA6m-rA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

• Significant Political Figures• - Simon Bolivar – Venezuela (1783 –

1830)• - Known as “El Liberator” & “The George Washington of South

America”

London,

• - Bolivar helped to liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spanish rule. Bolivar died at age 47 of tuberculosis

• Eva Duarte Peron – “Evita”- 1st Lady of Argentina & socialist -Obtained women’s suffrage in

Argentina-Built foundation that gave charitablecontributions to the poor (backed by

gov’t).

- Considered a saint in Argentina because of her work for women’s rights and charitable contributions for the poor. Wife of Juan Peron

- Eva & Juan Peron

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OniIQSH66jw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

- Evita died at the age of 33 in 1952 of cancer.

About a million people crowded the streets of Buenos Aires for her funeral procession and about three million filed past her casket to pay their last respects.

- Ernesto “Che” Guevara – Argentina (1928 – - Communist revolutionary

& guerilla fighter from Argentina

- Che staged a successful coup d’etat with Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1959.

Fidel, Che & others overthrew the gov’t of Fulgencio Batista (the US was a staunch ally of Batista).

Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as armed civilians or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military

rf

“AT THE RISK OF SEEMING RIDICULOUS, LET ME SAY THAT THE TRUE REVOLUTIONARY IS GUIDED BY A GREAT FEELING OF LOVE”

CHE GUEVARA (1928-1967)

Overtime, Che was ostracized by Fidel Castro and the Cuban gov’t elite. He, eventually, left Cuba to start other revolutions elsewhere. What eventually happened to Che?

- Assassinated in 1967 by the U.S. CIA trained Bolivian military.

• Salvador Allende (socialist) – democratically elected president of Chile. The U.S. did not like him.

He wanted to nationalize Chilean industry which the United States was not very happy about. As a result, what was the response of the US?

• The United States staged a successful coup d’etat in 1973. Who took Allende’s place?

The Chilean military, with the support of the US, conducted the coup / operation.

He killed many people in Chile. The new gov’t in Chile would be considered a regime because it was authoritarian.

• Brutal dictator, Augusto Pinochetreplaced Allende

• Hugo Chavez – President of Venezuela (‘99 – ’13)

- Socialist

The U.S. did not like him either. An unsuccessful coup (with US support) to get rid of Chavez was conducted in 2002.

People loved him in the Middle East

Some people liked him.

Anti-Chavez Protest

Some people didn’t.

Bush had much hatred/animosity toward Chavez.

Text

He died March 5, 2013

• FARC - Colombia Revolutionary Armed Forces

• - Communist revolutionary guerrilla organization

• - Represents the poor against the wealthy class (elite).

Terrorists or revolutionaries? You decide.

30% of FARC are women – you don’t want to mess with these girls.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1lOxKksKD0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

- Protests against FARC

Richest countries in South America:1. Argentina2. Chile3. Uruguay

Argentine home near Cordoba

A nice home in Chile

Buenos Aires, Argentina homeA woman waiting for

the subway in Buenos Aires, Argentina

A beautiful home in Uruguay

Poorest countries in South America:1. Bolivia2. Paraguay3. EcuadorAppreciate what you have and develop empathy for those who are less fortunate!

As mentioned previously, subsistence farming is something that is quite common in economically disadvantaged countries.

subsistence farmers in Ecuador

• Natural Resources (renewable)- Wind

Wind Turbines in Uruguay

• - Trees/Lumber

• - Gold (Peru)• - Copper (Chile)

Inca gold

• Natural Resources (non-renewable)• - Oil

What country has the most oil reserves in the world?

- World Oil Reserves (2012 data)

• #1. Venezuela• 2. Saudi Arabia

• 3. Canada• 4. Iraq• 5. Iran• 6. Kuwait• 7. U.A.E.

•

• - Salt (Peru)

Cuzco, Peru

• Major Exports• - Petroleum/oil (Venezuela)•

• - Natural rubber (Brazil)

• - Cocoa (Bolivia)

Bolivian cocoa

- Brazil Nuts (Brazil)

Cocoa

Cocoa

Where does all the cocoa end up?

Right here!!!

• - Bananas (Ecuador)

• - Coffee - ColombiaNatural coffee beans

• - Cut Flowers (Colombia & Ecuador)

Economics!!! Is this production, distribution or consumption?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggbKf4Hmes4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• - Beef (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay)

MMMM . . . South American Beef

• World’s Most Dangerous Road• - North Yungas Road “Road of Death” – Bolivia• - 3,000 ft. cliffs• - More than 100 travelers die per year

• Tallest Building in South America• - Gran Torre Santiago (984 ft.)• - Santiago, Chile

still unfinished

• Largest Country (area)• - Brazil

Brasilia – Capital of Brazil

KIP

• Largest City (population – metro.)• - Sao Paulo, Brazil (7th largest in the world)

• - 18.9 million

Sao Paulo, Brazil

South America at night

distribution or density?