Soursop 1

Soursop

Soursop

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Unranked: Angiosperms

Unranked: Magnoliids

Order: Magnoliales

Family: Annonaceae

Genus: Annona

Species: A. muricata

Binomial name

Annona muricataL.[1]

Synonyms

• Annona crassiflora Mart.• Annona sericea Lam.• A. macrocarpa Wercklé• A. bonplandiana H.B. & K.• A. cearensis Barb.Rodr.• A. coriacea

• Guanabanus muricatus (L.) M.Gómez in Rain-tree

The soursop (Annona muricata) is a broadleaf flowering evergreen tree native to Mexico, Venezuela, CentralAmerica, the Caribbean and northern South America, Colombia and Brazil. Soursop is also native to sub-SaharanAfrican countries that lie within the tropics. Today, it is also grown in some areas of Southeast Asia. It is in the samegenus as the chirimoya and the same family as the pawpaw.

Soursop 2

Soursop fruit.

The soursop is adapted to areas of high humidity and relativelywarm winters; temperatures below 5°C/41°F will cause damage toleaves and small branches, and temperatures below 3°C/37.4°Fcan be fatal. The fruit becomes dry and is no longer good forconcentrate.

Annona muricata var.subonica

Other common names include: guanábana (Spanish), graviola(Portuguese), Brazilian pawpaw, corossolier, guanavana,toge-banreisi, durian benggala, nangka blanda, and nangkalonda.[2] . In Malayalam, it is called "Mullaatha" , literally thornycustard apple.

Its flavor is described as a combination of strawberry andpineapple with sour citrus flavor notes contrasting with anunderlying creamy flavor reminiscent of coconut or banana.

Cultivation and uses

The plant is grown as a commercial crop for its 20–30 cm/7.87-11.8 inch long prickly green fruit, which can have a mass ofup to 2.5 kg/5.5 lbs.

Away from its native area, there is some limited production as farnorth as southern Florida within USDA Zone 10; however, theseare mostly garden plantings for local consumption. It is also grownin parts of southeastern Asia. The soursop will reportedly fruit as acontainer specimen, even in temperate climates, if protected fromcool temperatures.

Soursop 3

A.muricata flower

The flesh of the fruit consists of an edible white pulp and a core ofindigestible black seeds. The species is the only member of itsgenus that is suitable for processing and preservation. The sweetpulp is used to make juice as well as candies, sorbets, and icecream flavorings.

In Mexico and Colombia, it is a common fruit, often used fordessert as the only ingredient, or as an agua fresca beverage, inColombia it is a fruit for juices melting it with milk, latestresearches at the National University of Colombia, confirm thisfruit as a strong potential anti-cancer treatment. Ice cream and fruitbars made of soursop are also very popular. The seeds arenormally left in the preparation, and removed while consuming.

In Indonesia, dodol sirsak, a sweetmeat, is made by boilingsoursop pulp in water and adding sugar until the mixture hardens.Soursop is also a common ingredient for making fresh fruit juicesthat are sold by street food vendors. In Vietnam, this fruit is calledmãng cầu Xiêm in the south, or mãng cầu in the north, and is usedto make smoothies, or eaten as is. In Cambodia, this fruit is calledtearb barung, literally "western custard-apple fruit." In Malaysia,it is known in Malay as durian belanda and in East Malaysia,specifically among the Dusun people of Sabah, it is locally known as lampun. Popularly, it is eaten raw when itripens. Usually the fruits are taken from the tree when they mature and left to ripen in a dark corner, whereby theywill be eaten when they are fully ripe. It has a white flower with a very pleasing scent, especially in the morning.

Nutritionally, the fruit is high in carbohydrates, particularly fructose. The fruit also contains significant amounts ofvitamin C, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. The fruit, seeds, and leaves have a number of herbal medicinal uses amongindigenous peoples of regions where the plant is common.

Health risksResearch carried out in the Caribbean has suggested a connection between consumption of soursop and atypicalforms of Parkinson's disease due to the very high concentration of annonacin.[3] [4] [5] [6]

According to Cancer Research UK, annona muricata is an active principle in an unlicensed herbal remedy marketedunder the brand name Triamazon.[7] It is not licensed for medicinal use and the sale of the product resulted in aconviction on four counts of selling unlicensed medical products, and other charges, for the vendor.[8]

See also• Cherimoya• Custard-apple• Sugar-apple• Atemoya• Annona crassiflora

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References[1] "Annona muricata information from NPGS/GRIN" (http:/ / www. ars-grin. gov/ cgi-bin/ npgs/ html/ taxon. pl?3492). www.ars-grin.gov. .

Retrieved 2008-03-03.[2] http:/ / www. blackherbals. com/ graviola. htm[3] Lannuzel, A; et al. (2003-10-06). "The mitochondrial complex i inhibitor annonacin is toxic to mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by

impairment of energy metabolism". Neuroscience (International Brain Research Organization) 121 (2): 287–296.doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00441-X. PMID 14521988.

[4] Champy, Pierre; et al. (2005-08-02). "Quantification of acetogenins in Annona muricata linked to atypical parkinsonism in guadeloupe".Movement Disorders 20 (12): 1629–1633. doi:10.1002/mds.20632. PMID 16078200.

[5] Lannuzel A, Höglinger GU, Champy P, Michel PP, Hirsch EC, Ruberg M. (2006). "Is atypical parkinsonism in the Caribbean caused by theconsumption of Annonacae?". J Neural Transm Suppl. 70 (70): 153–7. doi:10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_24. PMID 17017523.

[6] Caparros-Lefebvre D, Elbaz A. (1999-07-24). "Possible relation of atypical parkinsonism in the French West Indies with consumption oftropical plants: a case-control study". Lancet 354 (9175): 281–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10166-6. PMID 10440304.

[7] BriefingWire (http:/ / www. briefingwire. com/ pr/ cancer-research-uk-confirm-an-element-of-graviola-in-triamazon-kills-cancer-cells), CanGraviola cure cancer? (http:/ / www. cancerhelp. org. uk/ about-cancer/ cancer-questions/ can-graviola-cure-cancer), Cancer Research UK

[8] Messenger Newspapers (http:/ / www. messengernewspapers. co. uk/ news/ 8421043.Suspended_sentence_for__miracle_cure__cancer_drug_man/ ?ref=rss), 29th September 2010

External links• (Portuguese) Correia, M. P., (1984) Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil• Description of soursop (http:/ / www. hort. purdue. edu/ newcrop/ morton/ soursop. html) from Fruits of Warm

Climates (1987, ISBN 0-9610184-1-0)• Sorting Annona names (http:/ / www. plantnames. unimelb. edu. au/ Sorting/ Annona. html)• Soursop / Guyabano Fruit Nutrition (http:/ / www. philippineherbalmedicine. org/ guyabano. htm)• Rain-tree: Annona muricata (http:/ / www. rain-tree. com/ Graviola-Monograph. pdf)• Soursop List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's) (http:/ / sun. ars-grin. gov:8080/ npgspub/ xsql/ duke/ plantdisp.

xsql?taxon=91)

Gallery

Fruit and Spice Park, Homestead,Florida

Unbelievable Acres BotanicGardens, West Palm Beach,

Florida

bjn:Nangka balanda

Article Sources and Contributors 5

Article Sources and ContributorsSoursop  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=395868702  Contributors: A dullard, A. Parrot, Aaarez, Aaronbrick, Ahoerstemeier, Arkij815, Babbage, Badagnani, BanyanTree,Beeswaxcandle, Bjchua, Bobblewik, Bogey97, CanisRufus, Careless hx, CarolSpears, Caspian blue, Curtis Clark, DanielCD, David Gerard, Davodd, Deadcorpse, Dirkvwt, Dryman,Dysmorodrepanis, Easilva, Edgar181, Eldhose407, Elpincha, EncycloPetey, Eugene van der Pijll, Evenios, Fearfulsymmetry, Fibonacci, FriscoKnight, Gobonobo, Hamamelis, HeartofaDog,Hesperian, IainP, Icamepica, Isaacsurh, Jalwikip, Jerem43, Jlin, JoJan, John254, Jonathan.kade, Jpatokal, JzG, KDesk, Kakoui, Katieh5584, Kimchifan, Kingdon, Langra, Lavateraguy, MPF,Mahjongg, Maxis ftw, Mccready, Minesweeper, Mmm, Muriel Gottrop, N5iln, Niassuh ivqan, Nihonjoe, Off2Explore, Omí Wale, Optakeover, Paodiesel, Pieter1, Pomeapplepome, Postdlf,PrinceRegentLuitpold, RainbowOfLight, Reinyday, Ricardo Carneiro Pires, Rjwilmsi, Sevprime, Solipsist, Sorcha, TShilo12, Tauʻolunga, Template namespace initialisation script, The Luizer,TheTechieGeek63, Tibberous, Tskam1, Tusbra, Unanihakim, Vishnu2011, Vmenkov, Vsmith, Wiki Wikardo, WriterHound, Zarano, 183 ,ينام anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributorsfile:Annona muricata 1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata_1.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Caesius, CarolSpears,Damouns, FlickreviewRFile:Owoce Guanabana.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Owoce_Guanabana.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: User:Hans_B.,User:NovaFile:Annona muricata Blanco1.196.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata_Blanco1.196.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Francisco ManuelBlanco (O.S.A.)File:Annona muricata fleur2.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata_fleur2.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:User:PancratImage:Soursop fruit.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Soursop_fruit.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: USGovImage:Annona_muricata2.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata2.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Hans_B.Image:Corossol.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Corossol.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:BMRImage:Annona muricata.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Hans_B.Image:Annona muricata (Soursop) - tree with fruits.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata_(Soursop)_-_tree_with_fruits.jpg  License: CreativeCommons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: David Lytle from San Francisco, CA, USAImage:Annona muricata 1 (1).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Annona_muricata_1_(1).jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Tatiana Gerusfrom Brisbane, AustraliaImage:Guanabana01_fs_Asit.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guanabana01_fs_Asit.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:User:ThaumaturgistImage:Guanabana02_Joyner_Asit.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guanabana02_Joyner_Asit.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Thaumaturgist

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