sources of water
TRANSCRIPT
SOURCES OF WATER
PRESENTESION MADE BY:YASH PATEL
IntroductionWater is a vital natural resource which
forms the basis of all life.It is one of the marvelous gift to us.About 70% of the human body is water.The bodies of all plants and animals
contain water.It has be estimated that the total water
contained on earth is about 1385.5×10^6.
About water97% of the water on the Earth is salt
water. However, only 3% percent is fresh water; slightly over 2/3 of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.
On the surface of earth 71% is covered by seas and oceans and remaining 29% is occupied by land.
Fresh water is a renewable resource.
Distribution of water on earth
Sources Of WaterSource
s of water
Surface water Ground water
Lakes Ponds Streams Rivers Storage
reservoir
Open wells Tube wells Artesian wells Springs Infiltration
Surface waterSurface water is water on the surface of the planet
such as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water.
Non-saline surface water is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-water. It is lost through evaporation, seepage into the ground where it becomes ground-water, used by plants for transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea where it becomes saline.
1) Lake
2) Ponds
3) Streams
4) Rivers
Ground waterGround water is the water present
beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
1)Open wells
2)Tube wells
3)Artesian well
4)Infiltration galleries
Uses of waterThe use of water may be broadly divided into
three categories: Uses of water
Consumptive use• Irrigation use
Partial consumptive use• Domestic use• Industrial use• Institutional
use• Public use• Fire demad
Non-consumptive use Navigational
use Recreational
use Hydro electric
power generation
Pollution control
Overuse of waterRapid population growth and increasing
water consumption for agriculture,industry and domestic have strained the world’s fresh water resources.
Water disputes between the Indian states are increasing as they have to meet the increase in water demand due to overuse of water.
Due to expanding human population, competition for water is growing such that many of the world’s aquifers are becoming depleted. this is due to overuse of water.
Conservation of waterExcessive and unplanned use of water has
depleted our water resources.Water conservation includes all the policies,
strategies and activities made to manage fresh water as a sustainable resource, to protect the water environment, and to meet current and future human demand.
Hence, there is immediate need for the conservation of water.
Domestic conservation
1. Verify your home is leak free.2. Close faucets while soaping and
rinsing clothes.3. Use waste water in flush.4. Keep overflow valve in the overhead
tank.5. Don’t over water your loans.6. Avoid flushing unnecessarily.7. Use sprinkle irrigation in your
garden.
Industrial conservation1. Install waste water treatment plant in the
factory.2. Reuse cooling water for gardening or
irrigation.3. Develop new plant processes which require
less water.4. Reuse water when it is discharged from
various processes.5. Check the efficiency of your water
equipment on regular basis.
Agricultural conservation1. Improved methods of irrigation like drip
irrigation and sprinkler irrigation must be used.
2. Conventional flooding methods of irrigation should be discouraged.
3. Avoiding excess irrigation.4. Reducing losses from canals.5. By constructing structures like: check
dames,khet talawadi,pala,gully plugging.
Rain water harvesting