sources of homoeopathic drugs –

7/25/2019 Sources of Homoeopathic Drugs

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Sources of Homoeopathic drugs

Vegetable Kingdom (Plant Kingdom)

WHOLE PLANT

Without roots Alfalfa, Lobelia inata, Ocimum sanctum, Ranunculus sceleratus

With roots Aconitum napellus, Aethusa cnapium, Arnica montana, !ella"onna, #hamomilla, #heli"onium ma$us,

#onium, %rosera, %ulcamara, Euphrasia, Hoscamus, Hpericum, Le"um palustre, Pulsatilla, Ruta &ra'eolens

(pi&elia, (tramonium

ROOT(

)resh * Arum triphllum, !ronia alba

%rie" * +pecacuanha, Ratanhia

Aerial * )icus in"ica

Root rhi-ome * Aletris farinose

(TE.(

)lo/erin& stem* #actus &ran"iorus

(tem /ith lea'es* #lematis erecta, (abina

Rhi-ome* 0elsemium, Helleborus, Po"ophllum, (an&uinaria cana"ensis, eratrum album, eratrum 'iri"e

#orm* #olchicum autumnale, #rocus sati'us

!ulb* Allium cepa, Allium sati'um

LEAE(

%rie"* #oca, Eucalptus, Tabacum, 0mnema sl'estre

)resh* %i&italis purpurea, Rhus to2, 3usticia a"hati"a, 4almia latifolia, )icus reli&iosa

5O6N0 (HOOT(

Aspara&us o7cinalis, Pinus sl'estris

)LOWER(

)lo/er bu"* Prunus spinosa

(ti&ma* #rocus sati'us

)lo/erin& hea"s 8/ith lea'es9* #alen"ula, Eupatorium perfoliatum

)lo/erin& hea"s 8/ithout lea'es9* #annabis sati'a, cina, .elilotus alba, (oli"a&o

(EE%(

)resh * A'ena sati'a, #ucurbita pepo, +&natia, (-&ium $ambolanum

%rie"* #occulus in"icus, #o:ea cru"a, Nu2 moschata, Nu2 'omica, (aba"illa, (taphsa&ria, #ar"uus marianus;

!AR4

)resh outer bar


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!alsams * !alsamum peru'ianum

olatile oils* Oleum santali, Oleum &aultheria

)i2e" oils * Oleum crotonis, Oleum ricinis

Al


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(colopen"ra* #entipe"e 8Whole li'in& animal9

Phlum Arthropo"a

Arachni"a

Aranea "ia"ema* The #ross spi"er 8Whole li'in& animal9

Latro"ectus


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Lacs 8.il< .il< Pro"ucts9

4oumss* )ermentation from assBs milG#;

!oilin& point 1#

)ree-in& point #

pH G; I

+mpurities Aci"it or Al'' or >;I// of ethl alcohol;

6sable carboh"rate =containin& materials inclu"e molasses, su&arcane, beetroot, &rapes, fruit $uices, corn,

barle, /heat, rice, mai-e, potato, /oo" an" /aste sulphite li?uors; +mpurities in alcohol are aci", fusel oil, /ater, methl alcohol;

arieties of Alcohol*

Absolute alcohol Prepare" b "eh"ration of recti@e" spirit /ith fresh ?uic< lime or b "istillation of recti@e"

spirit, mi2e" /ith little ben-ene

#ontains not less than ;C'' or // of ethl alcohol;

(peci@c &ra'it ;IG;

+t is use" in (tapf process for the puri@cation of su&ar of mil;


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#ontains 1;> b 'olume of ethl alcohol;

1; 4l'cerin

#hemical formula* #H>OH #HOH #H>OH or #HO

.olecular /ei&ht* >;

!oilin& point >#

(peci@c &ra'it 1;>J

)or the preser'ation of poisonous animal pro"ucts an" 'enom of sna1 at >#;

#haulmoo&ra oil Oleum chaulmoo&rae A @2e" oil e2presse" from fresh ripe see"s of H"nocarpus #;

La'en"er oil Oleum la'en"ulae * A 'olatile oil obtaine" from fresh o/erin& tops of La'en"ula

o7cinalis;5ello/ish &reen colour, (pf; &r ;IG ; at >G#;

Rosemar oil * Oleum rosmarini A 'olatile oil prepare" from fresh o/erin& tops of Rosmarinus o7cinalis;

Pale ello/ colour, characteristic o"our of rosemar, (pf; &r ;C ;1> at >#;>>; Semi Solid Vehicles ehicles that are in the semisoli" state at room temperature;Para7n har" 8Para7num "urumD Para7n /a29(ource* Petroleum+t is use", mainl to increase the consistenc of ointments;+t is an in&re"ient of para7n ointment, simple ointment an" /ool alcohol ointment;

5ello/ soft para7n 8petrolatumD Amber petrolatumD 5ello/ petrolatumD Petroleum $ellD Para7n $ellD Para7num mollea'um9+t is use" as a base for ointments; +t is hi&hl occlusi'e an" a &oo" emollient;White (oft Para7n 8/hite petrolatumD /hite petroleum $ellD para7num molle album9The utilit of /hite petrolatum is similar to ello/ petrolatum, but is often preferre" because of its free"om from color;+t is emploe" as a protecti'e, a base for ointments an" cerates an" forms the basis for burn "ressin&s;Li?ui" Para7n 8.ineral oilD Li?ui" petrolatumD /hite mineral oilD Hea' li?ui" petrolatum9+t is use" in the preparation of ee ointment;5ello/ !ee Wa2 8#era a'a9(ource* /a2 from honecomb or the hi'e bee of Apis melli@ca+t is use" in the preparation of cerates an" ointments an" use" for har"enin& of soft ointment;White !ee Wa2 8#era alba9+t is use" as a component of cerates an" ointments;Lanolin 8/ool fat, A"eps lanae9

(ource* from the /ool of sheep, O'is aries+t is use" as a base in /ater=absorbable ointment, increases the absorption of the "ru& from the s


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(ource * interaction of potassium h"ro2i"e or so"ium h"ro2i"e /ith a suitable 'e&etable oil or oils or /ith fattaci"s "eri'e" there from;+t is use" in soap liniment;Har" (oap 8(apo "urus9(ource* it is prepare" from fats or oils, /ith so"ium h"ro2i"e an" it consists of the so"ium salts of the fatt aci"s;#ur" soap 8(apo animalis9(ource * (oap ma"e /ith so"a an" puri@e" animal fat consistin& principall of stearin;+t usuall constitutes the bar laun"r soap;

+t is a component of opo"el"ocs;(tarch 8Amlum9(ource * &rain of mai-eD &rain of /heat tubers of potatoD rice+t is a component of &lcerol of starch;+t has absorbent an" "emulcent properties;>; 4lass mortar for mercurial preparations, ointments;

>C; Accor"in& to HP+, the sie'es are speci@e" as sie'e numbers J, , 1,

>>, >G, , J, CC, J, G, 1 an" >;

>G; )or "rin& at a 'er hi&h temperature, crucible ma"e of silica is use";

>J; *essicatoris use" for remo'in& moisture or "eh"ration of substances at mo"erate temperature; The air insi"e

the "esiccator is al/as ; Alcoholometer 6se" for estimatin& the stren&th of alcohol;

.ar; *ecantationis a process of slo/l an" carefull pourin& out li?ui"s from one 'essel to another /ithout "isturbin&

the se"iments that ha'e been accumulate" at the bottom of the li?ui";

; 5iltrationis a phsical process of separation of a li?ui" from substances insoluble in that li?ui" /ith the help of a

@lterin& me"ium throu&h /hich onl the li?ui" can pass but not the other substances insoluble in that li?ui";

1; ,aporation is the simple process of remo'in& a li?ui" slo/l from a solution;

>; *istillationis a process of con'ertin& a li?ui" into a &as an" con"ensin& the &as bac< into a li?ui";

; 5ractional distillationis the metho" use" for separatin& a mi2ture of se'eral li?ui"s of "i:erent boilin& points, as

in the case of or&anic li?ui"s;

C; Sublimationis the process of "istillin& a soli"D of con'ertin& the soli" into a 'apor an" con"ensin& the 'apor bacI; )ift millesimal potencies /ere terme" b %r; Pierre

(chmi"t;

Preparation of LM potencies (HP%)

Triturate "ru& /ith the su&ar of mil< to prepare # potenc; One &rain of the # potenc is "issol'e" 8b sha


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L. +, L. ++, L. +++ L. MMM

+, ++, +++ MMM

%ru& stren&th of 1 potenc is 1GX11;

C; +n trituratin& Plumbum, pestle has to be use" softl;

C; +n ma; !onersion of trituration to succussion in decimal scale &8umping Potenc' (5lu3ion Potenc')

All me"icinal substances triturate" to JM trituration are soluble in /ater an" alcohol;

%issol'e one part of JM trituration in G parts of /ater an" G parts of "ispensin& alcohol; 0i'e 1 succussions to this

li?ui" mi2ture; Number IM "ilution from JM trituration is not possible; The @rst potenc prepare" from JM trituration is

M; The IM cannot be prepare" in the proportion of one to nine; To &et IM potenc from JM, G parts of /ater an" G

parts of alcohol are re?uire" to succuss 1 part of JM potenc; This ?uantit is not su7cient to "issol'e the solute; Thus

G parts each b 'olume of /ater an" alcohol is re?uire" for the "issolution of 1 part of JM potenc; After succussion,

the solute is foun" to be re"uce" 1 times, &i'in& "ru& stren&th of M potenc;

G; Modi1ed Potenti6ation "echni9ues

4orsa


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(/anBs Potencies (amuel (/an use" fractional part of potencies an" attenuate" from them; He su&&este" that if one

"rop of tincture /ere use" to maC =>G, Jthe"ition9

Liniments are li?ui" preparations, applie" /ith or /ithout friction, b rubbin&, anointin& or paintin&; Liniments ma be

alcoholic solutions, oil solutions or emulsions, prepare" /ith tincture of soap or oli'e oil; Liniments are prepare" b

mi2in& one part of the re?uire" "ru& /ith four parts of oli'e oil or tincture of soap 8accor"in& to HP+9;

Lotions are a?ueous solutions, suspensions or "ispersions for application to the s


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Opo"el"ocs are semi=soli" liniments prepare" b mi2in& speci@e" ?uantities of /hite cur" soap an" puri@e" /ater are

heate" &entl till the solution becomes transparent; (tron& alcohol is then a""e" &ra"uall; The mother tincture of the

"ru& is then a""e" an" it is stirre" /ell;

#erates are oil substances containin& cera or /a2; .i2 spermaceti parts, /hite /a2 J parts an" oli'e oil 1C parts; 1

part of mother tincture is mi2e" parts of simple cerate; +t is use" as "ressin&s for iname" areas;

Poultices 8#ataplasms9 are soft, semi sol" e2ternal applications that either stimulate the bo" surface or alle'iate an

iname" area b applin& me"icate" substances in the presence of heat an" moisture; +t helps in "ra/in& infecti'e

material from the a:ecte" area "ue to its h&roscopic an" absorpti'e properties of the in&re"ients;

)omentations are one metho" of e2ternal applications; The "o not contain an me"icament; The act @rml on

thermal principle; T/o tpes Hot #ol";

GJ; The term Posolog' ori&inates from the 0ree< posos meanin& ho/ much an" lo&os meanin& stu" or "iscourse;

The terminolo& of "ose ori&inates from the /or" "osis, /hich means the ?uantit of a "ru&;

.inimum %ose= +t is the amount of me"icine /hich is thou&h smallest in ?uantit pro"uces the least possible e2citation

of the 'ital force, et su7cient to e:ect the necessar chan&es in it; +t is that "ose /hich is su7cient to o'erpo/er an"

annihilate the "isease an" capable o pro"ucin& sli&ht homoeopathic a&&ra'ation scarcel obser'able after its

in&estion;

.a2imum %ose it is the ma2imum or lar&est possible amount of me"icine, /hich can be ta


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b;"; T/ice "ail

b;i;" T/ice in a "a

capien"; To be ta


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.etho"olo& of pro'in& consists the Pre=pro'in& Protocol, the Pro'in& an" Post Pro'in& Protocol;

Recor"in& of pro'in& are "one in +nitial .e"ical Report Proforma, Pro'erBs %aboo< Lo&boo< an" Response .onitorin&

Proforma;

#riteria for inclu"in& smptoms =ne/ smptoms unfamiliar to the pro'er, usual or current smptoms those are

intensi@e", current smptoms mo"i@e" or altere", ol" smptoms that ha'e not occurre" for at least one ear, present

smptoms that ha'e "isappeare" "urin& the pro'in&; +f a smptom is in "oubt, it is inclu"e" in brac


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JI=% * (ale at more than one place

JI=E * %uration of licenses

JI=EE * #erti@cate of rene/al

JI=) * #on"itions to be satis@e" before a license in )orm >=# or )orm >= % is &rante"

JI=0 * #on"itions of license

JI=00 * A""itional information to be furnishe" b an applicant for license or a licensee to the licensin&

authorit JI=H * #ancellation an" suspension of licenses

.anufacture for sale or for "istribution of Homoeopathic me"icines Part ++ A

G=A * .anufacture on more than one set of premises

G=! * Application for license to manufacture Homoeopathic me"icines

G=# * Application to manufacture KNe/ Homoeopathic me"icinesB

G=E * #on"itions for the &rant or rene/al of a license in )orm >G #

G=EA * +nspection before &rant or rene/al of license

G=E! * Report b +nspector

G=E# * 0rant or refusal of license

G=E% * )urther application after re$ection

G=EE * Appeal to the (tate 0o'ernment

G=) * %uration of license

G=0 * #erti@cate of rene/al

G=H * #on"itions of license

G=HH * A""itional information to be furnishe" b an applicant for license or a licensee to the licensin&

authorit

G=+ * #ancellation an" suspension of licenses

Labelling pacingof homoeopathic me"icines Part +M A

1J=A * .anner of labellin& of Homoeopathic me"icines

1J=! * Prohibition of ?uantit an" percenta&e

(tan"ar"s Part M++

1>J=A * (tan"ar"s of ophthalmic preparations inclu"in& Homoeopathic Ophthalmic preparations

(che"ules

(che"ule A * )orms

(che"ule )) * (tan"ar"s for ophthalmic preparations

(che"ules .=+ * 0oo" manufacturin& practices an" re?uirements of premises, plant an" e?uipment

JJ; "he *rugs and Magic Bemedies Act (bCectionable adertisement)(?. of .=) and the rules (.>)

These act an" rules thereun"er are inten"e" to protect the consumer an" pre'ent the practice of mislea"in& an"

e2tra'a&ant claims ma"e in respect of man me"icines an" especiall those claimin& as reme"ies for man "iseases

consi"ere" at present as incurable;

JI; Medicinal and "oilet Preparation (,3cise *uties) Act2 .>

(No0.D of .>)

+t pro'i"es for the le' an" collection of "ut of e2cise on me"icinal an" toilet preparations containin& alcohol, opium,

+n"ian hemp, or other narcotic "ru&s;

J0 *angerous *rugs Act .


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This le&islation relates to me"icines containin& opium, morphine, petha"ine etc /hich are consi"ere" a""ition

formin&, "epen"ence pro"ucin& "ru&s an" re&ulates their manufacture, sales, possession etc;

J; Name of *rug S'non'ms 5amil'

Aconite napellus .on; *rugis a therapeutic a&ent, prepare" pharmaceuticall from stan"ar"ise" "ru& substance accor"in& to the rules

an" re&ulations of pharmacopoeia, /hich is su7cientl capable of a:ectin& the sensations an" functions, e'en the

structural chan&e an" ma cause of "eath, if continue" for a su7cient time an" "ose;

The /or" K"ru&B is "eri'e" from the )rench /or" K"ro&ueB means Ka "r herbB;


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I;Medicine /hen a "ru& has been potentise" homoeopathicall an" pro'e" on health human bein&s in both

se2es, all a&es an" in "i:erent constitutions, pro"ucin& abnormal si&ns an" smptoms 8 both sub$ecti'e ob$ecti'e9 is

calle" me"icine;

IC;Bemed' /hen a particular me"icine is prescribe" for a particular "isease" con"ition, accor"in& to smptom

similarit an" /hen the "isease" con"ition is cure" totall, the me"icine is calle" a reme";

IG; *octrine of Signature The relation bet/een the "ru& source an" "ru& smptoms; 8a"'ocate" b Paracelsus9;

E2amples

!ella"onna &ro/s in a soil rich in calcium carbonate; Hence, #alcarea carb is complementar to !ella"onna;

Tarantula hispanica is a spi"er that comes out /hen "rums are beaten; Tarantula patient is sensiti'e to music;

%i&italis ma be of use in bloo" "iseases, as its o/ers are a"orne" to /ith bloo" colore" "ots;

Euphrasia is a &oo" reme" for ees, as it ha" a blac< spot in corolla that loo


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I; 1 &rain po/"er is e?ual to JGm&;

I; 1 ml e?ual to 1I "rops 8appro 1I minims9;

; Solubilit' means ho/ much of a substance "issol'es in a &i'en sol'ent;

%escripti'e Terms; Relati'e ?uantities of sol'ent for 1part of solute;

er soluble Less than 1 part;

)reel soluble )rom 1 to 1 parts

(oluble )rom 1 to parts

(parin&l soluble )rom to 1 parts

(li&htl soluble )rom 1 to 1 parts

er sli&htl soluble )rom 1 to 1 parts

Practicall insoluble .ore than 1

1; The "e&ree of coarseness or @neness of a po/"er is "i:erentiate" an" e2presse" b the si-e of the mesh of sie'e

throu&h /hich the po/"er is able to pass;

#oarse po/"er 81CC9 a po/"er /hich all the particles pass throu&h a no;1 sie'e an" not more than C throu&h a

no;CC sie'e;

.o"eratel coarse po/"er 8>>J9 a po/"er of /hich all the particles pass throu&h a no;>> sie'e an" more than C

throu&h a no;J sie'e;

.o"eratel @ne po/"er 8CCG9 a po/"er of /hich all the particles pass throu&h a no;CC sie'e an" more than C

throu&h a no;G sie'e;

)ine po/"er 8G9 a po/"er of /hich all the particles pass throu&h a no G sie'e;

er @ne po/"er a po/"er of /hich all the particles pass throu&h a sil< sie'e in /hich not less than 1> meshes are

inclu"e" in a len&th of >;GC cm in each trans'erse "irection parallel to the threa"s;Becognised Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeias

Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeias reco&nise" b %ru&s an" #osmetics Act*

lHomoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of +n"ia 8HP+9

l!ritish Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia 8!HP9

lHomoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of 6nite" (tates 8HP6(9

l0erman Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia 80HP9

)rench homoeopathic pharmacopoeia is not reco&nise", but it has 'aluable information on noso"es an"

or&anotherapies 8sarco"es9

Standardisation

(tan"ar"isation is a process to @2 certain con@rmit to acceptable stan"ar"s;

To minimise 'ariation "ue to in"i'i"ual, &roup or commercial houses inuence, the &o'ernment or other statutor

bo"ies notif the acceptable stan"ar"s;

As a result the pharmacopoeiathat is follo/e" ha'e "etails li2 hi&her metho"s

.inimum potenc permitte" for prescribin& in case of to2ic substances

(tora&e con"ition

(upplementar but essential stan"ar"s


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Ash 'alues

E2tracti'e 'alues

(aponi@cation 'alues

Reaction 8pH9 of for bacteria pro"ucin& e2oto2ins 8e;&;; "phtheria9

N for pure or&anisms 8e;&; tuberculinum pure culture9

NC for preparations from tissues 8e;&; psorinum, bacillinum9

Homoeopathic drug proing 8HP+ olume 19

#ontrolle" e2periment

On relati'el health 'olunteers

(ubstances shoul" be prepare" as per &eneral metho"olo& mentione" in the pharmacopoeia

E2periments shoul" be in 'arin& "oses to pro"uce the "ata calle" Kpro'in&B

On the scheme an" pattern to constitute .ateria .e"ica Pro'in&s are the basis of .ateria .e"ica

E2periments shoul" be carrie" onl to e2tent of causin& &ross temporar re'ersible alterations an" sense

perceptible ob$ecti'e si&ns;

6ni?ue characteristics of homoeopathic "ru& stan"ar"s

The ra/ material shoul" be same as use" in the pro'in&; .etho" of preparation shoul" be one a"opte" b the pro'er;

This in turn means*

0o for the correct species, a"opt microscopic histopatholo&ical stu"ies;

)i2 the percenta&e of acti'e limits for inacti'e constituents an" a"ucterants;

Process has a bearin& on the ?ualit

Trituration particle si-e 1 micron at 12 le'el

Tincture fresh or "r plant

= si-e of cut or @neness of the po/"ere" material percolator pac


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Triturations tablets cont"

)or tablettin& permitte" e2cipients are onl starch concentrate" up to 1 percent an" ma&nesium stearate in

concentrations up to > percent

0ranulation if necessar has to be "one /ith saturate" lactose solution, starch paste or ethanol;

Tablets are sin&le "oses containin& >G m& of the trituration; The /ei&ht of e2cipients &oes a""itional

Lo/est potencies le&al limits of prescription Lo/est potencies le&al limits of prescription

All arsenic, barium, mercur an" lea" not belo/ 2

All noso"es not belo/ J2 8r"potenc9 for tra"in&, not belo/ J thpotenc in practice

All sna2 b plasma

Triturations up to J2D up to 1>2 b plasma

.other tinctures up to C2D up to J2 b HPL#

.other tinctures up to >2 in combinations

#ombination "ru&s up to >2

Ointments, hair oils, ee "rops, etc;

%ilutions up to J2

Leel of testing in homoeopathic drugs

.olecules are present at best up to le'el 1># or >C2

!ut clinical response is 'isible e'en abo'e >C2 in

]human bein&

]animals

]!acteria

]Plants


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l!iolo&ical response can be "emonstrate" on pol&raph an" other sensiti'e e?uipments use" in e2perimenta

pharmacolo&

No; of homoeopathic "ru&s co'ere" b "i:erent materia me"ica other literature lar&e number is a problem fo

pharmacopoeia

No; of homoeopathic "ru&s co'ere" b "i:erent materia me"ica other literature

Simpli1cation has been done- Hahnemannian classi1cation of mother tincture preparation

Zuotation from HP+ ol ++

^The ol" Hanemannian metho" of preparation has been "iscar"e" in fa'our of a ne/ uniform metho" /ith speci@c

"ru& stren&th /hich ta

^+n or"er to ma

^+n e'er substance the "r cru"e substance is to be taJ1

Lithotherapie 8from cru"e minerals9 C

5rom HPFS

+n man homoeopathic te2ts the /or"s ^potencY an" ^potentisationY, ^"ilutionY or ^solutionY are snonmous /ith

the terms ^attenuationY or ^triturationY the later terms, b "ecision of the Pharmacopoeia #on'ention, ha'e become

the o7cial "esi&nations, i;e;, ^attenuationY for li?ui"s an" ^triturationY for soli"s; +n plant pro"ucts, plant moisture /as

e?uate" to puri@e" /ater; .ost of the mother tinctures /ere simpli@e" to "ru& stren&th 11, e2ception those not

soluble li


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0ui"elines in e'aluatin& the merit of a "ru& for inclusion in pharmacopoeia

l+t shoul" be a publishe" "ata

l+t shoul" be a pro'e" "ru&

lThe ra/ material shoul" be commerciall a'ailable of i"enti@able characters an" of "e@nite composition

l+t shoul" ha'e a "eman" to establish professional reco&nition

Other facts /hich are consi"ere"

lAbsence of abnormal to2icit lNon a""ict formin& in the "osa&e form

l(tabilit of the pro"uct "urin& pro"uction an" stora&e

sources of homoeopathic drugs –

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