sources of evidence 1. universality 2. unique predictions
TRANSCRIPT
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SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
1. Universality2. Unique predictions
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sex differences in reproductive behavior are universal
Implies that they are built into the genetic code of our species
E.g. mating style differences(Clark & Hatfield study)
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<catch Figure 11.3>
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Only EP makes certain predictions about sex differences
No prediction from other psychological theories
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Class survey
“I HAVE BAD NEWS”
Which is worse ?
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-studies of personal ads
Men – ask for younger
Women – ask for older
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Men tend to agree with each other and are not influenced by other factors
Women’s judgments of attractiveness are influenced by other features (eg a man’s personality, wealth)
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Fact: Women say they want nice guys
Q: Do they really?
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In the pretest, women subjects said that their main criterion for a partner was “a nice guy”
Then they were asked to observe videos of men in discussion groups
They rated the attractiveness of a certain guy
Kenrick’s Videotape Study
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Dominant & nasty Dominant & nice
Submissive & nasty Submissive & nice
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Dominant men were rated as more attractive
Niceness did not make a difference
BUT -- depends on expected length of relationship (one date vs. lifetime relationship)
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Why would it be important?
EP predicts that males should care a lot
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•Took photos of subjects
•Morphed some of them into baby pictures
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STEP 1
Took photos of student subjects
Morphed some of them into baby pictures
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Brought the same subjects back to rate baby pictures
One picture is a morph of the subject & baby face
Subjects were asked to rate: Which baby is more attractive ? Which baby would you adopt ? Which baby would you spend money on
?
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MALESShowed strong preference for child
resembling them
FEMALESShowed no preference by
resemblance
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T.V. remote?
Bath or shower?
Shoes?
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1. PARENTAL INVESTMENT
The sex that contributes more to raising offspring
– is more discriminating in sexual mate choice.
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Females are more certain that a baby is theirs
But Males are not sure and so have to be more concerned
They need to avoid wasting their resources on unrelated offspring
e.g. Maury Povich T.V. show
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!
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Unique form of emotional attachment to sexual partners
Adaptive for sustaining the relationship
Otherwise the offspring won’t survive
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Parental investment sex vs. relationship focus casual sex age preferences
Parental certainty Jealousy Self-similarity of baby
Pair-bonding attachment & love