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Cinema Exhibition and Distribution inEurope

Published October 2001 byScreen Digest Limited

screendigestScreen Digest LimitedLymehouse Studios38 Georgiana StreetLondon NW1 0EBtelephone +44/20 7424 2820fax +44/20 7580 0060e-mail [email protected] www.screendigest.com

Printed by Fotodirect, Brighton BN1 8AF

ii screendigest © 2001

Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe

All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in aretrieval system, in any form or by any meanswithout the prior written permission of thepublisher, nor be otherwise circulated in anyform of cover or binding other than that inwhich is it published and without a similarcondition (including this condition) beingimposed on the subsequent publisher.

Copyright © Screen Digest 2001

Author David HancockAdditional research Patrick von Sychowski,Alexander PulteEditorial/design David FisherLayout David Fisher, Turlough Fisher


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Contents

vi Acknowledgementsvii List of tables and chartsxvii Sources and methodology

xix Key points

1 European statistical overview

2 International perspective

1 Distribution1 Pan-European distribution

networks1 US majors2 European distribution networks4 Retrenchment

21 Exhibition35 European cinema circuit

concentration35 Capacity for future development50 Advertising50 The market place50 Key players56 Loyalty cards: the French example57 The AMC trials

3 Territory profiles

Austria3 Exhibition6 Distribution

12 Vertical integration12 Advertising

Belgium13 Exhibition16 Distribution22 Vertical integration22 Advertising

Czech Republic23 Exhibition26 Distribution32 Vertical integration33 Advertising

Denmark35 Exhibition38 Distribution44 Vertical integration44 Advertising

Finland47 Exhibition50 Distribution56 Vertical integration56 Advertising

France57 Exhibition66 Distribution66 Vertical integration67 Advertising

Germany69 Exhibition74 Distribution80 Vertical integration81 Advertising

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Greece83 Exhibition86 Distribution92 Vertical integration92 Advertising

Hungary93 Exhibition96 Distribution

102 Vertical integration102 Advertising

Ireland103 Exhibition106 Distribution112 Vertical integration112 Advertising

Italy113 Exhibition117 Distribution124 Vertical integration124 Advertising

Netherlands127 Exhibition130 Distribution136 Vertical integration136 Advertising

Norway137 Exhibition140 Distribution146 Vertical integration146 Advertising

Poland147 Exhibition150 Distribution156 Vertical integration156 Advertising

Portugal157 Exhibition160 Distribution166 Vertical integration166 Advertising

Spain167 Exhibition171 Distribution178 Vertical integration178 Advertising

Sweden181 Exhibition184 Distribution190 Vertical integration190 Advertising

Switzerland191 Exhibition194 Distribution200 Vertical integration201 Advertising

UK203 Exhibition208 Distribution214 Vertical integration214 Advertising

iv screendigest © 2001

Contents Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe


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4 Financial analysis

2 Exhibitor turnover in keyEuropean territories

2 Exhibitor net profit in keyEuropean territories

3 Distributor turnover in keyEuropean territories

4 Distributor net profit in keyEuropean territories

5 Electronic cinema

2 Key Players: TechnologyProviders

2 Key Players: Exhibitors2 European exhibitors involved with

the TI DLP cinema trials3 VTHR3 CineMedia Film4 Folkets Hus4 Elsacom5 Largo DMN5 Cine Digital6 Chronology of recent e-cinema

developments6 Past trials7 Government efforts: France, UK

and Sweden8 Standards8 European digital cinema standards

steering group8 European Digital Cinema Forum8 Other countries8 Other European forums9 DVB

9 ITEA/Eureka10 Other10 International alliances/investments

in e-cinema11 Boeing11 Kodak Digital Cinema12 NewCo13 T-Joy14 Technicolor Digital Cinema

6 Contacts

1 Austria3 Belgium4 Czech Republic5 Denmark6 Finland7 France9 Germany

12 Greece13 Hungary14 Ireland15 Italy17 Netherlands19 Norway20 Poland21 Portugal22 Spain24 Sweden26 Switzerland28 UK

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Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe Contents


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During the course of this research, a greatmany people, companies and tradeassociations and institutions were contactedand the large majority were happy to speakto us. Whilst there are too many people tomention individually, we would like tothank them all for their time and theircontribution to this report.

The key sources for basic data by territoryare as follows. We would like to thank them.

Austria Austrian Film CommissionBelgium Ministry of Culture,

Moniteur du FilmCzech Republic Ministry of Culture,

Czech DistributorsAssociation

Denmark Danish Film InstituteFinland Finnish Film FoundationFrance CNC, Ecran TotalGermany SPIO, FFA, EDIGreece Greek Film CentreHungary Ministry of Culture and

EducationIreland Irish Film Institute, EDIItaly ANICA, CinetelNetherlands Dutch Federation for

CinematographyNorway Norwegian Film Institute,

Film & KinoPoland State Committee for

CinematographyPortugal IPAMASpain ICAASweden Swedish Film Institute

Switzerland Federal Office of Culture,ProCinema, Swiss FilmCentre

UK CAA, CEA, EDIEurope European Audiovisual

Observatory, Economist

Some companies and associations did notmanage to speak to us. We hope that thiswill change next year, when they have seenthe results of this research.

vi screendigest © 2001

Contents Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe

Acknowledgements


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1 European statistical overview

2 Demographics: population4 Cinema sites6 Cinema screens8 Cinema seats

10 Multiplex sites12 Multiplex screens14 Proportion of multiplex sites16 Proportion of multiplex screens18 Average screens per site20 Average seats per screen22 Cinema admissions24 Cinema admissions per head26 Gross box office (graphics)27 Gross box office (local)28 Gross box office (Euro)29 Gross box office (US $)30 Box office revenue per head31 Box office revenue per head (local

currency)32 Box office revenue per head (Euro)33 Box office revenue per head (US $)34 Average ticket price35 Average ticket price (local)36 Average ticket price (Euro)37 Average ticket price (US$)38 Change in cinema admissions38 Change in cinema box office revenue39 Change in admissions and box office

revenue40 Change in number of screens40 Change in average ticket price41 Change in screens and average ticket

price42 Average revenue per screen43 Average revenue per screen (local)44 Average revenue per screen (Euro)45 Average revenue per screen (US$)46 Average admissions per screen

47 Average admissions per screen48 Screens per million people49 Screens per million people50 Active distributors52 Average releases per distributor54 Total first-run film releases56 Domestic first-run releases58 US first-run releases60 Other first-run releases62 Proportion of domestic first-run film

releases64 Proportion of US first-run film releases66 Proportion of other first-run releases68 Box office revenue for domestic and US

film releases69 Box office revenue for other films70 Market share of domestic films72 Market share of US films74 Market share of other films76 Box office share of leading 10 films78 Market share of leading five distributors80 Distributor revenues81 Distributor revenues (local currency)82 Distributor revenues (Euro)83 Distributor revenues (US$)84 Distributor revenue growth85 Distributor revenue growth86 Cinema screens 1990-200587 Cinema screens forecast88 Multiplex screens 1990-200589 Multiplex screens forecast90 Non-multiplex screens 1990-200591 Non-multiplex screens forecast92 Multiplex screens as a proportion of all

screens 1990-200593 Multiplex screens as a proportion of all

screens forecast94 Cinema admissions 1990-200595 Cinema admissions forecast96 Gross box office revenue 1990-2005

viiscreendigest © 2001

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97 Gross box office revenue forecast (localcurrency)

98 Gross box office revenue forecast(Euros)

99 Gross box office revenue forecast (US$)100 Average ticket price 1990-2005101 Average ticket price forecast (local

currency)102 Average ticket price forecast (Euros)103 Average ticket price forecast (US$)104 Average admissions per screen 1990-

2005105 Average admissions per screen forecast106 Average box office revenue per head

1990-2005107 Average box office revenue per head

forecast (local currency)108 Average box office revenue per head

forecast (Euros)109 Average box office revenue per head

forecast (US$)110 Average box office revenue per screen

1990-2005111 Average box office revenue per screen

forecast (local currency)112 Average box office revenue per screen

forecast (Euros)113 Average box office revenue per screen

forecast (US$)

2 International perspective

2 Number of active distributors3 Leading distributors in the key European

territories5 European theatrical distribution

networks6 Leading distributors matrix

13 European distribution networks of theUS majors

14 European distribution market shares ofUS major distribution operations

14 Local vs majors� market share15 Selected key distributor investments and

alliances in Europe19 Number of prints for initial release19 Programme changeover day19 Number of prints used for niche release20 Number of prints used for major release22 Leading European cinema circuits by

country28 European cinema circuits (ranking)33 Screen concentration in Europe33 Screen concentration in Europe�leading

circuit�s market share33 Screen concentration in Europe�leading

three circuits� market share33 Screen concentration in Europe�leading

five circuits� market share34 Top 20 largest circuits�analysis34 Top 100 largest circuits�analysis

34 Europe�s Top 20 circuits: number ofscreens by country

34 Europe�s Top 100 circuits: number ofscreens by country

35 European cinema circuit concentrationcurve

35 Capacity for future development36 Estimated size of catchment area

population required for cinema site36 Population required in catchment area

for 10-screen cinema site37 Population required in catchment area

for 30-screen cinema site38 Cross-border analysis of exhibition

market concentration42 International cinema exhibition groups

with a European presence45 International cinema exhibition groups

with a European presence�summary46 European cinema circuits�ranked by

sites46 European cinema circuits�ranked by

screens46 European cinema circuits�ranked by

screens per site46 Origin of pan-European circuits46 Company origin behind pan-European

circuits47 Breakdown of cinema sites by number of

screens per site48 Screen breakdown by territory52 Major European cinema advertising

companies and alliances52 Recent key mergers, acquisitions and

partnerships in cinema advertising53 Cinema advertising revenue in the main

markets (local, Euro, $)54 Cinema advertising revenue in the main

markets (growth rates)55 Cinema advertising revenue as a

proportion of box office55 Cinema advertising revenue as a

proportion of box office�ranked57 Breakdown of unlimited pass adherence

in Parisian cinema market

3 Territory profiles

Austria3 Decade of change 2000 v 19903 Cinema in 2000 at a glance3 Market split3 Breakdown of screens by size of

complex4 Leading exhibition circuits4 Cinema sites and screens of leading

exhibitors5 Urban agglomerations with 100,000+

inhabitants5 Catchment area demographics5 Urban:rural population split

viii screendigest © 2001

List of tables and charts Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe


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6 Distributor market shares6 Distribution snapshot7 Leading theatrical distributors7 Releases and box office shares of leading

distributors8 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-

20009 Cinema admissions and box office

revenue9 Average annual admissions per head9 Average ticket price9 Cinema sites9 Cinema screens

10 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-2000 continued

11 Feature film releases by origin11 Box office revenue by origin of film11 Share of box office revenue by origin of

film11 Market split between US majors and

local distributors11 Market concentration indicators12 Forecasts

Belgium13 Decade of change 2000 v 199013 Cinema in 2000 at a glance13 Market split13 Breakdown of screens by size of



inhabitants15 Catchment area demographics15 Urban:rural population split16 Distributor market shares16 Distribution snapshot17 Leading theatrical distributors17 Releases and box office shares of leading



revenue19 Average annual admissions per head19 Average ticket price19 Cinema sites19 Cinema screens20 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-

2000 continued21 Feature film releases by origin21 Box office revenue by origin of film21 Share of box office revenue by origin of



Czech Republic23 Decade of change 2000 v 199023 Cinema in 2000 at a glance23 Market split23 Breakdown of screens by size of










Denmark35 Decade of change 2000 v 199035 Cinema in 2000 at a glance35 Market split35 Breakdown of screens by size of






revenue41 Average annual admissions per head41 Average ticket price

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41 Cinema sites41 Cinema screens42 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-




Finland47 Decade of change 2000 v 199047 Cinema in 2000 at a glance47 Market split47 Breakdown of screens by size of










France57 Decade of change 2000 v 199057 Cinema in 2000 at a glance57 Market split57 Breakdown of screens by size of



inhabitants

59 Catchment area demographics59 Urban:rural population split60 Distributor market shares60 Distribution snapshot61 Leading theatrical distributors61 Releases and box office shares of leading






local distributors65 Market concentration indicators67 Cinema advertising revenue68 Forecasts

Germany69 Decade of change 2000 v 199069 Cinema in 2000 at a glance69 Market split69 Breakdown of screens by size of









local distributors

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79 Market concentration indicators81 Cinema advertising revenue81 Film and slide advertising81 Advertising revenue by sector82 Forecasts

Greece83 Decade of change 2000 v 199083 Cinema in 2000 at a glance83 Market split83 Breakdown of screens by size of










Hungary93 Decade of change 2000 v 199093 Cinema in 2000 at a glance93 Market split93 Breakdown of screens by size of




distributors

98 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-2000

99 Cinema admissions and box officerevenue

99 Average annual admissions per head99 Average ticket price99 Cinema sites99 Cinema screens

100 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-2000 continued




Ireland103 Decade of change 2000 v 1990103 Cinema in 2000 at a glance103 Market split103 Breakdown of screens by size of










Italy113 Decade of change 2000 v 1990113 Cinema in 2000 at a glance113 Market split113 Breakdown of screens by size of complex

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114 Leading exhibition circuits114 Cinema sites and screens of leading








local distributors123 Market concentration indicators125 Cinema advertising revenue125 Cinema advertising market shares126 Forecasts

Netherlands127 Decade of change 2000 v 1990127 Cinema in 2000 at a glance127 Market split127 Breakdown of screens by size of







2000 continued



local distributors135 Market concentration indicators136 Cinema advertising revenue136 Forecasts

Norway137 Decade of change 2000 v 1990137 Cinema in 2000 at a glance137 Market split137 Breakdown of screens by size of










Poland147 Decade of change 2000 v 1990147 Cinema in 2000 at a glance147 Market split147 Breakdown of screens by size of



inhabitants149 Catchment area demographics149 Urban:rural population split150 Distributor market shares

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150 Distribution snapshot151 Leading theatrical distributors151 Releases and box office shares of leading







Portugal157 Decade of change 2000 v 1990157 Cinema in 2000 at a glance157 Market split157 Breakdown of screens by size of










Spain167 Decade of change 2000 v 1990167 Cinema in 2000 at a glance167 Market split167 Breakdown of screens by size of









local distributors177 Market concentration indicators178 Cinema advertising revenue178 Regional cinema advertising market178 Forecasts

Sweden180 Decade of change 2000 v 1990180 Cinema in 2000 at a glance180 Market split180 Breakdown of screens by size of






revenue

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186 Average annual admissions per head186 Average ticket price186 Cinema sites186 Cinema screens187 Cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-




Switzerland190 Decade of change 2000 v 1990190 Cinema in 2000 at a glance190 Market split190 Breakdown of screens by size of









local distributors198 Market concentration indicators199 Cinema film and slide and advertising

revenue199 Forecasts

United Kingdom202 Decade of change 2000 v 1990202 Cinema in 2000 at a glance202 Market split202 Breakdown of screens by size of

complex203 Leading exhibition circuits

203 Cinema sites and screens of leadingexhibitors

205 Urban agglomerations with 100,000+inhabitants

206 Catchment area demographics206 Urban:rural population split207 Distributor market shares207 Distribution snapshot209 Leading theatrical distributors209 Releases and box office shares of leading






local distributorsMarket concentration indicators

215 Cinema advertising revenue215 Cinema advertising: Top 10 categories216 Cinema advertising market shares by

region216 Forecasts

4 Financial analysis

2 Exhibitor turnover in key Europeanterritories

2 Exhibitor net profit in key Europeanterritories

3 Distributor turnover in key Europeanterritories

4 Distributor net profit in key Europeanterritories

5 Electronic cinema

2 European exhibitors involved with the TIDLP Cinema trials

xiv screendigest © 2001



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Multiplex screens 1990-2000 EU 14

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0scre

ens

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Multiplex screens 1990-2000 Europe 19

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0scre

ens

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Multiplex screens 2000 ranking

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0scre

ens

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Spai

n

UK

Swed

en

Aus

tria

Net

herl

ands

Belg

ium

Hun

gary

Irel

and

Italy

Port

ugal

Pola

nd

Den

mar

k

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

way

Gre

ece

Finl

and

Cze

ch R

ep

European statistical overview Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe

1: 12 screendigest © 2001


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1: 65screendigest © 2001

Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe European statistical overview

Eur

ope

Distribution Proportion of US first-run film releases

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Austria % 52.7 55.1 51.0 53.0 50.8 53.5 55.9 45.7 46.8 47.3 48.1Belgium % 54.1 53.6 52.7 47.6 47.1 50.8 42.8 46.2 44.6 35.6 :Czech Republic % : 71.7 76.6 60.6 74.8 64.9 61.7 66.5 65.3 67.7 66.9Denmark % 59.9 63.4 80.7 67.1 68.2 60.3 60.1 52.4 57.4 54.0 56.3Finland % 63.2 68.4 60.7 57.7 59.5 58.5 52.4 57.1 53.9 52.1 56.8France % 37.3 36.1 31.5 35.1 37.7 36.1 36.1 36.0 35.5 34.1 35.7Germany % 51.2 48.5 45.1 49.4 51.3 51.9 52.3 43.7 46.8 38.3 36.1Greece % 80.0 79.3 77.7 75.0 73.3 73.5 74.3 73.5 72.2 70.0 70.0Hungary % 48.6 53.7 50.5 64.0 64.2 68.5 62.3 68.2 66.7 66.7 64.2Ireland % : : : : 48.1 50.0 : : : : :Italy % 49.7 48.5 45.2 52.0 50.0 54.2 43.6 44.9 47.0 47.0 45.6Netherlands % 65.8 66.7 59.8 58.0 47.7 50.6 54.9 57.3 51.7 53.8 51.5Norway % 63.5 58.1 49.7 53.2 56.5 50.7 54.5 55.5 52.6 47.9 51.0Poland % 57.6 66.9 73.9 57.0 61.3 61.3 67.6 62.5 61.1 63.6 61.1Portugal % 63.4 64.6 68.4 72.6 63.5 46.8 68.7 66.5 : : 65.5Spain % 52.4 58.7 53.5 51.3 52.8 45.5 51.2 44.0 48.1 49.5 :Sweden % 53.8 59.6 51.0 48.8 55.8 51.4 52.7 49.8 57.3 72.1 :Switzerland % 54.0 50.4 55.8 : : : : 69.2 68.6 72.6 38.0UK % 61.7 57.5 58.6 57.4 63.6 39.2 59.8 47.6 39.9 33.1 33.8

ranked by proportion in 2000*1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Sweden % 53.8 59.6 51.0 48.8 55.8 51.4 52.7 49.8 57.3 72.1 :Greece % 80.0 79.3 77.7 75.0 73.3 73.5 74.3 73.5 72.2 70.0 70.0Czech Republic % : 71.7 76.6 60.6 74.8 64.9 61.7 66.5 65.3 67.7 66.9Portugal % 63.4 64.6 68.4 72.6 63.5 46.8 68.7 66.5 : : 65.5Hungary % 48.6 53.7 50.5 64.0 64.2 68.5 62.3 68.2 66.7 66.7 64.2Poland % 57.6 66.9 73.9 57.0 61.3 61.3 67.6 62.5 61.1 63.6 61.1Finland % 63.2 68.4 60.7 57.7 59.5 58.5 52.4 57.1 53.9 52.1 56.8Denmark % 59.9 63.4 80.7 67.1 68.2 60.3 60.1 52.4 57.4 54.0 56.3Netherlands % 65.8 66.7 59.8 58.0 47.7 50.6 54.9 57.3 51.7 53.8 51.5Norway % 63.5 58.1 49.7 53.2 56.5 50.7 54.5 55.5 52.6 47.9 51.0Ireland % : : : : 48.1 50.0 : : : : :Spain % 52.4 58.7 53.5 51.3 52.8 45.5 51.2 44.0 48.1 49.5 :Austria % 52.7 55.1 51.0 53.0 50.8 53.5 55.9 45.7 46.8 47.3 48.1Italy % 49.7 48.5 45.2 52.0 50.0 54.2 43.6 44.9 47.0 47.0 45.6Switzerland % 54.0 50.4 55.8 : : : : 69.2 68.6 72.6 38.0Germany % 51.2 48.5 45.1 49.4 51.3 51.9 52.3 43.7 46.8 38.3 36.1France % 37.3 36.1 31.5 35.1 37.7 36.1 36.1 36.0 35.5 34.1 35.7Belgium % 54.1 53.6 52.7 47.6 47.1 50.8 42.8 46.2 44.6 35.6 :UK % 61.7 57.5 58.6 57.4 63.6 39.2 59.8 47.6 39.9 33.1 33.8

*or latest year availableSource: Screen Digest


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3: 93

ExhibitionCinema exhibition in Hungary has acosmopolitan feel to it, attracting as ithas several major international circuitsinto the territory. Leading circuit isIsraeli group International Theatres,followed by Hollywood Multiplex, ajoint venture between local majorIntercom and Australian group VillageRoadshow (however VR has nowdecided to pull out of the venture,selling its share to Intercom).

The first Hungarian multiplex

was a renovation of Budapest�s biggestcinema, Corvin, re-opened in 1996.Multiplex cinemas now dominate thescreen base of Hungary. Multiplexscreens now account for 25 per cent ofthe national base, while accountingsolely for five per cent of sites. As aresult, average ticket prices doubledbetween 1995 and 1998.

Strong local exhibition circuits includeBudapest Film and Intercom.

There is a strong presence ofinternational groups in Hungary.

Many international circuits were keento enter Hungary, and several did sousing joint ventures. VillageRoadshow established a multiplexventure with leading distributorIntercom, Intercom Roadshow.

Whilst the joint venture built upsix sites and 45 screens, VillageRoadshow has now decided to sell itsshare in venture to partner companyIntercom.

South African group SterKinekor has entered the market, withtwo sites and 25 screens, as has Israelioperator International Theatres. IT has

screendigest © 2001

HU

HungaryCinema in 2000 at a glancescreens 695 (+6.9%)admissions 14,000 (+4.5%)box office revenue HF 6,860m (+11.2%)average ticket price HF 490 (+6.4%)total feature film releases 187domestic films released 18domestic films' share of releases 9.6%domestic films' share of box office 9.0%US films market share 80.0%percentage changes are from 1999 to 2000

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Hungary: breakdown of screens by size of complex

Decade of change 2000 v 1990percentage change

Market split 2000

Source: Screen Digest

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60admissions screens

prop

ortio

n of

all

scre

ens

(%)

domestic films9.6%

US films64.2%

Releases

other films26.2%

domestic films9.0%

US films80.0%

other films11.0%

Box officerevenue

Strengthn.a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 30number of screens at site

not available


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Hungary Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe

Hungary: leading exhibition circuitsranked by number of screens

screens seats/owner(s) sites screens seats /site screen

1 Cinema City International Theatres (IL) 9 76 14,438 8.44 189.972 Hollywood Multiplex VR* (AU)/Intercom (HU) 6 45 9,000 7.50 200.003 Budapest Film Budapest Film 25 34 : 1.36 :4 Ster Century Ster Kinekor (ZA) 2 25 5,500 12.50 220.005 Intercom Intercom (Andrew Vajna) 18 23 : 1.28 :6 KinemaxX CinemaxX (DE)/Kinopolis (DE) 1 9 2,500 9.00 277.787 Cineplex Odeon Cineplex Odeon (US) 1 6 1,400 6.00 233.338 UCI Central Europe UCI (UK)/Dutch investor : : : : :9 Flamex : : : : :

* VR selling out

Hungary: cinema sites and screens of leading exhibitors

100

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20

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scre

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1

2

3

45

67


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3: 95

the largest circuit in Hungary, buildingup 76 screens in nine sites since itentered the market. Loews Cineplexhas targeted Hungary, operating onlyone site to date. UCI�s joint venturewith a Dutch investor, UCI CentralEurope, specifically targeted Hungaryand Czech Republic to set upmultiplex cinemas. They have not yetopened a site in Hungary.

Another fledgling presence wasthe German/Belgain joint ventureKinemaxX, although recent eventssuggest that this venture does not havea long future in internationalexhibition.


Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe Hungary

HU

Hungary: catchment area demographicsHungary: urban agglomerationswith 100,000+ inhabitants

population city proper000s 000s

Budapest 3,096.8 1,962.9Debrecen 172.8 214.2Miskolc 740.0 184.9Szeged 127.6 173.9Pécs 115.7 167.8Györ 129.1Nyiregyhaza 114.3Székesfehérvár 108.9Kecskemet 105.1Source: United Nations (data: 1994)

Urban:rural population split

urban64.7%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1,250

1,000

750

500

250

0popu

latio

n re

quir

ed fo

r si

te (0

00s)


screens catchment screens catchment

1 14,412 16 230,5992 28,825 17 245,0123 43,237 18 259,4244 57,650 19 273,8365 72,062 20 288,2496 86,475 21 302,6617 100,887 22 317,0748 115,300 23 331,4869 129,712 24 345,89910 144,124 25 360,31111 158,537 26 374,72412 172,949 27 389,13613 187,362 28 403,54914 201,774 29 417,96115 216,187 30 432,373

Calculations based onannual admissions per screen 20,144annual visits per head of population 1.40catchment: required population for numberof screens at location

screens per population centre


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DistributionThere were 16 active distributorsoperating in Hungary in 2000. Theleading distributor in the territory is alocal player, Intercom. However,from taking 51 per cent of the marketin 1995, the arrival of new entrants hasdiluted its market power.

Theatrical distribution inHungary has attracted several newentrants in past few years. As newentrants come in, in the classic pattern,product specialisation rises.

First, in 1997, video companyMirax widened its activities to includetheatrical distribution in order to takeadvantage of the movie rights that itbought while acquiring video rights.The company is active in globalindependent film, from Jackie Chan toSundance Film Festival titles.

Filmnavigator was set up by agroup comprising a film exhibitor anda festival co-ordinator. MetropolisFilm is a company that specialises indistributing French films, releasingaround four films a year onto themarket. Probably the most importantnew entrant is Kinowelt�s move intoHungary, in partnership with localplayer Budapest Film. KinoweltHungary distributes film and videotitles.

It is thought that a mainstream filmneeds to achieve around 75,000admissions and upwards to give thedistributor a net profit on the distribu-tion operation. In 1998, of the 13Hungarian films in distribution, onlyfour managed to garner over 8,000admissions. Given that local produc-tion is rising, it is more likely to befilm quality that is at the root of poorlocal market share.

Of the 187 first-run films releasedinto the market in 2000, 18 were ofdomestic origin (10 per cent) while USfilms represented 64 per cent ofreleased titles. US films took an 80 percent market share, with Hungarianfilms managed nine per cent, equiva-lent to its share of first-run releases.




Hungary: distribution market shares 1993-1995

1993 1994 1995% % %

1 InterCom 56.40 : 32.202 UIP-Duna Film 22.40 : 18.903 Budapest Film 2.80 : 19.604 Hunnia Plusz : 1.405 Mokep 4.30 : 17.506 Hungarian Film Institute : 0.707 Flamex 6.50 : 9.108 Maskepp : 0.60

others 7.60 :

total 100.00 100.00

Source: VDM, Intercom

Hungary: distributor market shares

UIP-Duna Film18.9%

BudapestFilm 19.6%

Mokep 17.5%

other 2.7%

Flamex 9.1%

InterCom 32.2%

3: 96


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Hungary: leading theatrical distributors

market share annual releases market share distributor ownership latest data % latest data per release % key content suppliers

1 Best Hollywood Best Hollywood 3 15 0.20 European and global indie2 Budapest Film Privatised in 1997 4 15 0.27 European and global indie3 Daro Film Distribution Daro Film Distribution : 5 :4 Filmnavigator JV Toldi/Titanic Festival : 4 : local and global indie5 Flamex Flamex 7 20 0.356 Forum Film Forum Film : 5 :7 Hungarofilm Hungarofilm 5 10 0.50 local and European 8 Intercom Intercom Ltd 35 50 0.70 Buena Vista, Columbia-TriStar,

Warner Bros, Fox, MGM, CLT-Ufa, global indie

9 Interpannonia Film Interpannonia Film : 5 :10 Kinowelt Hungary JV Kinowelt (DE)/ 10 20 0.50 Kinowelt, Budapest

Budapest Film (HU)11 Metropolis Film Metropolis Film : 4 : French films12 Mirax Mirax : 10 : global independent13 Mokep Mokep 7 10 0.70 US and global indie14 UIP-DunafIlm JV UIP (US)/Dunafilm (HU) 20 30 0.67 Paramount, Universal,

international product



Hungary: releases and box office shares of leading distributors

50

40

30

20

10

00 10 20 30 40 50

number of releases

numbers on the chart refer to the table above

box

offic

e m

arke

t sh

are

(%)

127

5

8

10

14


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Hungary: cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-2000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

population 000s 10,355 10,337 10,311 10,281 10,245 10,217 10,143 10,092 10,135 10,043 10,017

Admissions and box officeadmissions 000s 35,700 22,300 21,500 14,800 15,900 14,000 13,190 18,000 14,580 13,400 14,000gross box office revenue HF m 1,515.6 1,300.8 1,222.0 1,383.3 2,148.0 2,310.0 2,861.4 4,729.0 5,302.3 6,170.9 6,860.0gross box office revenue �m 18.8 14.0 11.9 12.8 15.8 14.0 14.8 22.3 22.0 24.4 26.4gross box office revenue $m 24.7 17.4 15.8 14.3 20.0 18.6 18.4 24.3 24.7 25.9 28.0

admissions per head 3.45 2.16 2.09 1.44 1.55 1.37 1.30 1.78 1.44 1.33 1.40box office per head HF 146.36 125.84 118.51 134.55 209.66 226.09 282.10 468.59 523.15 614.45 684.86box office per head � 1.82 1.36 1.16 1.25 1.55 1.37 1.46 2.21 2.17 2.43 2.63box office per head $ 2.38 1.68 1.53 1.39 1.95 1.82 1.81 2.41 2.44 2.58 2.80

admissions change % -37.5 -3.6 -31.2 7.4 -11.9 -5.8 36.5 -19.0 -8.1 4.5box office growth* % -14.2 -6.1 13.2 55.3 7.5 23.9 65.3 12.1 16.4 11.2screen change % -15.5 -9.4 -12.0 -6.7 0.3 -6.5 3.0 7.8 4.8 6.9

average ticket price HF 42.45 58.33 56.84 93.47 135.09 165.00 216.94 262.72 363.67 460.51 490.00average ticket price � 0.53 0.63 0.55 0.87 1.00 1.00 1.12 1.24 1.51 1.82 1.88average ticket price $ 0.69 0.78 0.74 0.97 1.26 1.33 1.40 1.35 1.69 1.93 2.00average ticket price growth* % 37.4 -2.6 64.4 44.5 22.1 31.5 21.1 38.4 26.6 6.4

Cinema provisiontotal cinema sites 825 690 610 527 475 473 432 438 435 446 438of which multiplex sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 11 13 20total cinema screens 947 800 725 638 595 597 558 575 620 650 695of which multiplex screens 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 34 90 109 172% multiplex sites % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.1 2.5 2.9 4.6% multiplex screens % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 5.9 14.5 16.8 24.7

average screens per site 1.15 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.25 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.43 1.46 1.59number of seats 255,000 210,000 188,000 166,000 147,000 148,000 143,000 150,000 153,000 155,000 157,000average seats per screen 269 263 259 260 247 248 256 261 247 238 226

average revenue per screen HF 1,600.4 1,626.0 1,685.5 2,168.2 3,610.1 3,869.3 5,128.0 8,224.3 8,552.1 9,493.7 9,870.5average revenue per screen � 19,891 17,539 16,455 20,119 26,619 23,515 26,468 38,858 35,549 37,561 37,963average revenue per screen $ 26,045 21,745 21,799 22,467 33,649 31,115 32,992 42,326 39,828 39,793 40,288average admissions/screen 37,698 27,875 29,655 23,197 26,723 23,451 23,638 31,304 23,516 20,615 20,144screens per m people 91.5 77.4 70.3 62.1 58.1 58.4 55.0 57.0 61.2 64.7 69.4

*based on local currencySource: Screen Digest (including basic data from Ministry of Culture and Education)


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Hungary: cinema admissions and box office revenue

Hungary: average annual admissions per head Hungary: average ticket price

Hungary: cinema sites Hungary: cinema screens


Source: Screen Digest Source: Screen Digest

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

adm

issi

ons

(m)

admissionsrevenue

box

offic

e re

venu

e (fo

rint

m)

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

3

2

1

0

500

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300

200

100

0

Source: Screen Digest Source: Screen Digestothermultiplex

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

900

750

600

450

300

150

0

900

750

600

450

300

150

0

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6,000

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3,600

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1,200

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aver

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tpri

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aver

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annu

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dmis

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Hungary: cinema exhibition and distribution 1990-2000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Distribution and film releasesactive distributors 12 11 10 9 10 11 14 14 15 16 17films released 253 218 190 178 176 143 159 173 165 174 187releases per distributor 21.1 19.8 19.0 19.8 17.6 13.0 11.4 12.4 11.0 10.9 11.0

total films released 253 218 190 178 176 143 159 173 165 174 187domestic films 31 19 25 19 20 9 20 16 13 16 18US films 123 117 96 114 113 98 99 118 110 116 120other films 99 82 69 45 43 36 40 39 42 42 49

domestic film releases % 12.3 8.7 13.2 10.7 11.4 6.3 12.6 9.2 7.9 9.2 9.6US film releases % 48.6 53.7 50.5 64.0 64.2 68.5 62.3 68.2 66.7 66.7 64.2% other films released % 39.1 37.6 36.3 25.3 24.4 25.2 25.2 22.5 25.5 24.1 26.2

Market sharestotal box office revenue HF m 1,516 1,301 1,222 1,383 2,148 2,310 2,861 4,729 5,302 6,171 6,860domestic films' box office HF m 23 29 28 30 6 231 229 284 236 432 617US films' box office HF m 1,364 1,171 1,112 1,274 1,991 1,733 2,203 4,020 3,783 4,937 5,488other films' box office HF m 129 101 82 79 150 347 429 426 709 802 755

market share: domestic films % 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 0.3 10 8 6 5 7 9market share: US films % 90 90 91 92.1 92.7 75 77 85 80 80 80market share: other films % 8.5 7.8 6.7 5.7 7 15 15 9 15 13 11

revenue of leading 10 films HF m : : : : 640 : 748 1,211 1,481 : :box office of leading 10 films % : : : : 29.8 : 26.1 25.6 27.9 : :

top five distributors' share % 90.0 90.0 86.0 84.0 82.0 80.0

Distributor revenuesdistributor revenues HF m 1,074 1,155 1,431 2,365 2,651 3,085 3,430distributor revenues �m 8 7 7 11 11 12 13distributor revenues $m 10 9 9 12 12 13 14distributor revenue growth* % 7.5 23.9 65.3 12.1 16.4 11.2*based on local currencySource: Screen Digest (including basic data from Ministry of Culture and Education)


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Hungary: feature film releases by origin

Leading five exhibitors� share oftotal screens

Market share of leading fivedistributors

Box office revenue taken byleading 10 films1998

Hungary: box office revenue by origin of film

HUNGARY: MARKET CONCENTRATION INDICATORS



Source: Screen DigestotherUSdomestic

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

400

300

200

100

0

9.0

7.5

6.0

4.5

3.0

1.5

0box

offic

e re

venu

e (fo

rint

bn)

80.0%29.2% 27.9%

Hungary: share of box office revenue taken by top 10films 1996-2000


1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

50

40

30

20

10

0

Hungary: market split between US majors and localdistributors 2000


local 81.1%

US majors 18.9%


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3: 102

Vertical integrationThere is a significant level of verticalintegration activity in Hungary.Leading distributor Intercom has anexhibition arm, a joint venture withAustralian group Village Roadshow,Hollywood Multiplex. Venture isengaged solely in building multiplexcinemas, currently standing at six sitesand 45 screens.

Distributor Budapest Film(German exhibitor/distributorKinowelt has established a jointdistribution venture with BudapestFilm, Kinowelt Hungary) has anexhibition presence, mainly active insingle and double-screen cinemas.

Distributor Flamex also has anexhibition arm.

Local distributor Filmnavigatorwas set up by a group comprising afilm exhibitor (of Toldi cinema) and afilm festival co-ordinator.

AdvertisingRecently online advertising overtookcinema advertising in Hungary, butboth sectors are still less than 1% ofHungary's annual advertisingexpenditure. However, Hungary wasone of the first Central Europeancountries to see widespread multiplexconstruction and this has helped todevelop cinema advertising to itscurrent respectable position of 0.6 percent of total advertising, valued at41.2m forints.

RMB Hungary (formerly MoziMedia) is operating on the Hungarianadvertising market as of February 2000and handles 70 per cent of cinemaadvertising spending. It representsexclusively the leading cinemaexhibitors including HollywoodMultiplex (the Intercom/Village jointventure), Ster Century, CineplexOdeon International Theatres and

Cinema City. The exclusivepartnership with InternationalTheatres, which also exists with RMBCzech Arcona and RMB Polska, isalready responsible for advertising on70 screens.



Forecasts

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

screens no 695 697 688 678 672 656multiplex screens no 172 192 201 208 218 218non-plex screens no 523 505 487 470 454 438multiplex screens as a % of all screens % 24.7 27.6 29.2 30.7 32.5 33.2

admissions m 14,000 14,168 14,636 15,221 15,556 15,945box office HF m 6,860.0 7,289.4 7,906.5 8,633.9 9,265.0 9,971.5average ticket price HF 490.0 514.5 540.2 567.2 595.6 625.4admissions per screen 000s 20,144 20,336 21,272 22,450 23,165 24,319admissions per head no 1.40 1.41 1.46 1.52 1.55 1.59box office per head per year HF 684.9 727.7 789.3 862.0 925.0 995.5box office per screen per year HF 000 9,870.5 10,462.9 11,491.5 12,734.6 13,796.8 15,208.3



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5: 1

Electronic cinema, the means oftransmitting films or other contentelectronically over satellite, cable ordisks and showing them in theatresusing high resolution video projectors,is expected to replace film completelywithin the next two decades. Thetechnology has been demonstratedconclusively and proven to work,through digital screenings of films suchas Star Wars: Episode 1 and Toy Story 2.

The installation of digitalprojectors in cinemas is also expectedto open them up to new types ofcontent (sports, music, theatre,comedy, children�s programming) andnew types of audiences (day-timecorporate and educational use).

The large-scale commercialintroduction of electronic or digitalcinema is, however, fraught withproblems. Foremost is the fact thatdigital cinema projectors are muchmore expensive than conventional35mm projectors, and as withcomputers, face the prospect of beingmade redundant by more advanced(and cheaper) models within a matterof years.

The cost of a DLP Cinema pro-jector (the first type of digital cinemaprojector to ship commercially) fellfrom around $240,000 in 2000 to$160,000 in 2001, but is still a longway off matching the $30,000-$40,000cost of a 35mm projector.

The ambition is to get cinema-quality digital projectors to under$100,000 within the next couple ofyears. The stated goal for companiessuch as Kodak (D-ILA technology) orPrincipia Lightworks (lasertechnology) is to produce a projectorretailing for $50,000.

Cinema owners are hesitating atpaying for these projectors as thebenefits of their use will mainly accrueto distributors, who save money onnot having to produce, ship anddispose of physical prints. Exhibitorsand distributors thus have to come toan agreement about how best to sharethe expenses and savings of digitalcinema fairly.

For the studios and contentcreators, the main worry is that thechange in technology might lead toincreases in piracy, as digital copies areillegally procured and used todistribute the film on pirate VCDs,DVDs, videos or over the Internet.The efforts of major internationalentities in this field are discussed inChapter 2 in the section on theinternational perspective of E-cinemaoperators.

This chapter is devoted to themain European players, trials andgovernment efforts in the field ofelectronic and digital cinema. WhilstHollywood has tended to drive digitalcinema (d-cinema) efforts, primarily

through the TI DLP Cinema network,there is an increased focus in Europeon electronic cinema (e-cinema).

This entails everything fromspreading films into non-theatreenvironments�primarily small villagesand groups in society traditionally nottargeted by mainstream cinemas�tothe showing of content of greatercultural, educational and social value,as well as promoting European ordomestic film.


Electroniccinema5


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Contacts directory Cinema Exhibition and Distribution in Europe


EXHIBITION

Europlex+41/21 6143333fax +41/21 6143399www.metrocine.chMIGUEL STUCKY

KITAGwww.kitag.com

DISTRIBUTION

Alexander Films+41/1 3628443fax +41/1 3611603VIKTOR RUSALEM

Alhena Films+41 22 8230303fax +41/22 8230304e-mail [email protected] MICHEL BUHLER

Alpha Films +41/22 7894545fax +41/22 7893555ROGER WEIL

Atlas-Rialto Film + AV+41/1 4223833fax +41/1 4223793www.stella-film.ch

Buena Vista International (Switzerland)+41/1 2892200fax +41/1 2892222e-mail [email protected] CROTTI

Columbus Film+41/1 4627366fax +41/1 4620112e-mail [email protected]/columbus/PETER BAUMANN

Elite Film+41/1 2988181fax +41/1 2988189e-mail [email protected] DIETRICH / KARIN DIETRICH

Fama Film+41/31 9929280fax +41/31 9926404e-mail [email protected] SCHMID

Filmcooperative Zürich+41/1 4484422fax +41/1 4484428e-mail [email protected]

Focus Film+41/1 3877090fax +41/1 3878464JUERG M. JUDIN

Frenetic Films+41/1 4830660fax +41/1 4830661e-mail [email protected] WEIBEL

Ideal Films+41/22 8232353fax +41/22 8232354e-mail [email protected] GROSSFELD

JMH Distribution+41/32 7290020fax +41/32 729 029

Lang Filmverleih+41/1 8656627fax +41/1 8656629e-mail [email protected] LANG

Monopole Pathé Films+41/1 2711003fax +41/1 2715643e-mail www.kino.ch/mpfHELENE CARDIS

Praesens Film +41/1 4223832fax +41/1 4223793www.stella-film.chMARTIN HELLSTERN

Regina Film +41/22 3108136fax +41/22 31 9476

Rialto Film +41/1 4442277fax +41/1 4442280ELKE GERIG-KILGA

Stamm-Film+41/1 2116615fax +41/1 2120369ILONA STAMM

Twentieth Century-Fox - Columbia Tristar(Switzerland)+41/22 8271717fax +41/22 3439255e-mail [email protected] BEIER

United International Pictures (Schweiz) +41/1 3838527fax +41/1 3836112MAX DIETIKER

Warner Bros. (Transatlantic)+41/1 71559 11fax +41/1 7153451e-mail [email protected] BROCCON

SWITZERLAND


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Screen Digest is the leading news and market researchjournal for the international media business. Read by seniorexecutives in over 40 countries, it has an unrivaled reputationfor concise, impartial reporting and comprehensive coverage ofall audio-visual media.

Since being founded in 1971, it has built up a remarkabledatabase of reference material and statistics, frequently cited inbusiness and official reports around the world. The companyalso undertakes private client research for major internationalmedia companies and trade associations.

www.screendigest.com

R010701

screendigest


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source: reports portal cinema exhibition and distribution in europe

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