soundscapes, listening and attention phd meri kytÖ university of eastern finland [email protected]...
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SOUNDSCAPES, LISTENING AND ATTENTION
PHD MERI KYTÖ
UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND
REALM OF THE SENSES / AALTO 10.2.2014
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LECTURE OUTLINESoundscape definition
Soundscape Studies
Acoustic communication
Key terms
Listening
Attention
Modes (intentionality)
Dispositions
Soundscape and sound art
Phonography
”arranging”
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SOUNDSCAPE STUDIESBackground of the field
• The joy and challenge of multidiscplinaritySome literature:
• Schafer: The tuning of the world (1977)• Truax: Acoustic communication (1984)• Five village soundscapes (1975)• Acoustic environments in change (2009)• Järviluoma et al: Sata suomalaista äänimaisemaa
(2004)• Augoyard & Torgue: A l’ecoute d’environnement:
Répertoire des effets sonores (1995)• Expansive field: web resources
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WORLD SOUNDSCAPE PROJECT
World Soundscape Project
• Simon Fraser University, Vancouver (Canada), 1970s• Multidisciplinarity, radio programs, recording• Cultural meaning of sound, the positive approach• Local decision making • Change, sounds forth saving, soundscape design • Listening to the environment, pedagogy (”ear cleaning”)
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FIVE VILLAGE SOUNDSCAPES / ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN CHANGE
1975: Cembra, Bissingen, Lesconil, Skruv, Dollar
• Methodological experiments• dB measurements, sound preference tests, listening
walks, sound diaries, prominent sounds heard, traffic count
2000: + Nauvo• Methodological update
• Cultural research and ethnomusicology, change, memory studies, ethics, positionality
• 2009-2012: Soundscapes and cultural sustainability
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ONE HUNDRED FINNISH SOUNDSCAPES
Sata suomalaista äänimaisemaa (2004-2006)
• Idea from Japan: 100 japanese soundscapes (K. Torigoe)• Finnish Society for Acoustic Ecology + SKS, YLE, TaY, TY,
JoY, TAMK, Sibelius-museum• Written proposals / descriptions, a competition
• Recording and interviews• Radio programs and publications• Research• Archiving• Äänitys ja haastattelut
• A new project coming up this year…
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ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATIONBarry Truax 2001• A theoretical frame for studying soundscapes
from the point of view of information exchange• Key point: contextuality• sound are always listened to in context, not as
sound objects• Listener as an active participant in information
exchange, not as a passive receiver of sound data• Semantic continuum • speech – music – soundscape
• Interaction between individual (community) and the environment
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sound
environmentlistener
”The coat hanger”
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SOME KEY TERMS
Keynote
Soundmark Sound signal
Acoustic horizon
Lo-Fi
Hi-Fi
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Noise
Silence
Schizophonia transphonia
Sound event
Sound object Pierre Schaeffer: objet sonore
Soundscape competence ”home keys”
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METHODS? DISCIPLINES?Hildegard Westerkamp: soundscape composition, listening walksSteven Feld: acoustemology, ”styding in sound”Cultural studies, music reseach, ethnography, athropology, sociology, urban studies, environmental studies, sound art, media culture, archeology, ecology, youth studies, gender studies, education, geography, urban planning / architectureSound studiesAuditory culture studies
• Talking or writing about listening • Recordings, photographs, videos
• Observation and documenting• Sensory ethnography
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LISTENING
Tuuri & Eerola 2012: 7
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LISTENING ATTENTION
background listening listening-in-readiness listening-in-search
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LISTENING MODES
DENOTATIVE
Causal
Empathetic
Functional
Semantic
EXPERIENTIAL
Connotative
Kinaesthetic
Reflexive
REFLECTIVE
Critical
Reduced
Tuuri & Eerola: Formulating a revised taxonomy for modes of listening.
Journal of new music research 4/2012: 147.
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PHONOGRAPHY ”Phonography as: activism; archive; autopsy; catharsis;
composition; design; discovery; documentation; eavesdropping; habit; interpretation; interpose; forecast; mapping; overhearing; reportage; sensitization; simulacra; surveillance; tourism; ventriloquism; vivisection; yardstick ” (Phonography conference 2011)
http://www.chriswatson.net/ http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/hallilau/galleria.htm
Bill Fontana:
http://www.resoundings.org/Pages/Speeds_of_Time_new.html
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SOUND MAPS http://turkukuuntelee.fi/
http://map.europeanacousticheritage.eu/?page_id=702
http://www.montrealsoundmap.com/?lang=en
http://fm.hunter.cuny.edu/nysae/nysoundmap/soundseeker.html
http://www.soinumapa.net/?lang=en
http://www.soundsurvey.org.uk/
http://locusonus.org/soundmap/034/
http://aporee.org/maps/ http://www.bogonauta.co/
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SOUND PERFORMANCE / ART AS ARRANGING
Peter Szendy: Listening – A history of our ears (2001/2008) Arranging: how do you listen? what do you hear?
John Cage: 4’33’’
David Rothenberg: http://whybirdssing.com/
John Oswald:http://www.plunderphonics.com/
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AUDIO BUT NOT ONLY AUDIOLuc Ferrari: Presque rien (1968)Alvin Lucier: I am sitting in a room (1969): http://www.ubu.com/sound/lucier.html
Hildegard Westerkamp: Kits Beach Soundwalk (1989)
Claude Schryer: Drone song from Vancouver soundscapes
Steven Feld: various documents ”A score for a hole in the ground”Christina Kubisch: electrical walks