BY:

M.SOUJANYA 3rd BCCA

Introduction toIntroduction to

ParapsychologyParapsychology

Definition

ESP (extra sensory perception)

Kinds of ESP Precognition Psychokinesis Psychokinesis

ParapsychologyParapsychologyPara = “at the side of…”

Psychological phenomenon that goes beyond the main area of psychological knowledge and interest

ParapsychologyParapsychology

ESP (extra sensory perception)

◦Perception of objects or events through means other than the sensory organs

Kinds of ESPKinds of ESPPrecognition

◦The ability to know about events before they occur

Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP

Psychokinesis◦The ability to make

objects move by thinking of them as moving

Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP

Telepathy◦The direct

transmission of thoughts or ideas from person to person without anything being spoken or written down

Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP

Clairvoyance◦The ability to perceive

objects that are out of the range of human senses i.e. – sensing the location of a missing child

Testing ESP

“Because a good magician can do something shouldn't make you right away jump to the conclusion that it's a real phenomenon.” - Richard Feynman

Bem and Honorton’s Ganzfeld Studies

Uri Geller

J. B. Rhine

Pearce-Pratt Series

Testing ESP

"Exteriorization of Sensitiveness."

A photograph of the sensitive was taken and the negative was then held by her a few moments. The operator, with a pin, scratched the hand on the negative. Instantly the sensitive ejaculated with pain, and a small red spot appeared on the back of her hand. This rapidly grew into the blister shown on the next slide.

What the Skeptics Say

Most of the evidence for ESP is anecdotal and is dismissed by skeptics as based on one or more of the following: 

Incompetence or fraud by parapsychologists Cold reading Subjective validation Selective thinking and Confirmation bias Poor grasp of probabilities and of the law of truly large

numbersNot falsifiableGullibility, self-deception, and wishful thinking

After thousands of experiments, a reproducible ESP phenomenon has never been discovered, or has anyone produced any individual who can convincingly demonstrate psychic ability.

A National Research Council investigation of ESP concluded that "the best available evidence does not support the contention that these phenomena exist.”

U. S. National Research Council (1988)A 2 year study concluded there was no

scientific justification from research conducted over 130 years for the existence of parapsychological phenomena.

“the best scientific evidence does not justify that ESP -that is, gathering information about objects or thoughts without the intervention of known sensory mechanisms- exists.”

ACKNOWLDGEMENT

•I am very thankful to Correspondent and also for Mr.Prasad Sir, Ms. Nalini Madam,

•My special thanks to my parents and my friends.