sotirovic prilog politolongvistickom aspektu nestanka sfrj 2014

8/10/2019 Sotirovic Prilog Politolongvistickom Aspektu Nestanka SFRJ 2014

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94(497.1)199:8127

POLITICAL REVIEW

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4) / (Lencek, 1976). - , , 1918. . (, 2007). -

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6) 1776. .1783. . - - . - -.


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... 1967. . - 1971. ., -

- (Okuka, 2006, 227). :

Deklaracijase usadila u svijest hrvatskog naroda kao dokaz da jemogue pruiti otpor unitaristikim ostvarenjima Novosadskog dogo-vora. Zato su i hrvatski jezikoslovci, nakon kratkog zastoja, nastaviliradom u tiini: nastavljen je rad na projektu velike hrvatske gramatike izapoeto prikupljanje grae za obradu jednosveanoga rjenika hrvat-

skoga knjievnog jezika (Mogu, 1995, 206). - 1967. . - 1991. . () - adaptacija jedinstvenog standardnog jezika tradicijii suvremenim potrebama nacija kao diferencijalnih socio-etnikih for-macija, praktino i prin-cipijelno, nacionalna varijanta standardnog jezika funkcionira za narodkoji je upotrebljava isto onako kao to funkcionira nacionalno homo-gen jezik za narod koji se njime slui (Brozovi, 1970, 3536). - , . , - :

Ako i govorimo o hs. standardnom jeziku, to je po mojem mi-ljenju neopravdano jer takva jezika nema, onda valja naglasiti da je tonekonkretan jezik, i da mu je na hijerarhijskoj lestvici mjesto za stupanjvie nego to ga imaju slavenski standardni jezici. Dakle, tzv. hrvatsko-srpski standardni jezik na istoj je razini na kojoj je bio i ehoslovaki


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standardni jezik ili bugarskomakedonski standardni jezik, kad bi tkobaratao takvim pojmovima (Okuka, 2006, 228).

, , 7) -, 1991. . , , .8) , - ( ) .9) ,

. -, .

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:

Serbo-Croatian (or Croato-Serbian) wasuntilrecentlyonelangua-ge, butisnowdividedintotwohostile languages []. In Croatia, books

in the Cyrillic are put away. They say that the Cyrillic was supposedlyoffensive to Croatians. Serbian writers are dropped from the curricula.In Serbia, books in the Latin alphabet are put away. They say that theLatin alphabet was supposedly offensive to the Serbs. Croatian writersare dropped from the curricula (Ugresic, 1998, 10).

7) -. ., 2001. . Crnogorski knjievni list izlazi na crnogorskom, srpskom, hrvatskom i bonjakom jeziku (Crnogorskiknjievni list, 2001). (Soti-rovi, 2008).

8) , - 1983. . (, 1996, 212) - . . (1980. .) -- . () , - , . 1989. . , .

9) 2000.- - .


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(Cathie Carmichael) - ()

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, , 21. 1929. ., ( ..., 1929; ..., 1980, 106)., (1939. .1941. .) - 1929. . , -

10) - (, 2013).


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11) (, 1997, 372410).


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(, ) - - 1993. ., , , - . , -

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( -) ,

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13) -

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14) (Mihalji, 1989, 4251).


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(1463..) (1482. .) - ( ) (-

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15) (, 1987).

16) . 1992. . 43,7% , 31,3% , 17,3% 7,0% - (Markoti, Sijeri, Abdurahmanovi, 1992).


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1389. ., ,

. - , - 1391. . , - .

1993. . -

.17), - ( )18) -.19),

17) , (, 2001,130).

18) . , () , . : () , ( ) .

19) 30,000 , 38,000 (9%) (Nacionalni sastav stanovnitva 1991, 1992, 17). , , . , 1991. . 130,000 , 20,000. 30,000, 200 1992. . ( 1991. . 49,26% , 6,63% , 30% ,10,65% 3,52% ). () (

). 1991. . - ( ) 600,000 , -. , 43,8% ,31,5% 17,3% (Ramet, 1996, 187). , (1992. .2003. .), 10,4 , 62,5% , 16,5% , 5% , 3,4% , 3,3% , 3,2% (Barbour, Carmichael, 2000, 229). , - 1991. ., 23,528,000 ; 4,364,000, 615,000, 4,760,000, 2,033,000, 1,963,000, 5,824,000, 1,954,000 2,034,000 (Guskova, 2003, I, 75). , , ( ) - ,


18/40

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20) - (, ) ,

.21)

, - - - (Greenberg, 2000, 637). - -

- , - , - , , . , , , -- -

, (Jugoslavija na kriznoj prekretnici, 1991, 236).

20) () natio nascor, natus - . , () , .

21) , -

, - (, 1993, 2636). - (Guskova, 2003, I, 132;Mesi, 1994). , , , -. - 1992.. ( ) , , . - : zapadne demokrate su morali dvaputa da razmisle pre nego to su priznali jednu balkansku dravu ije se granice u etnikom,lingvistikom i istorijskom smislu nisu poklapale sa tradicionalnim poimanjem nacije i dra-

ve. Kako su zapadni politiari uopte mogli da zamisle da bi Srbi, Hrvati i muslimani ijaje uzajamna mrnja dovela do raspada Jugoslavije mogli da koegzistiraju i zajedno iveu jo manjoj bosanskoj dravi?(Guskova, 2003, II, 79, 25, 28). - 1941. .1945. . (Hayden, 1992, 655; Hayden, 1993; Woodward,1995, 239240; Judah, 1997, 117134; Allcock, 2000, 381410). ., . , 12. 1990. . spremalo ono to je zaustavljeno 1945. ida je iznova kucnuo as da se srpski narod dokraji i dokolje. , 5. 1993. .:To je bio nastavak Drugogsvetskog rata, ljudi su pamtili ta im je uinila ova ili ona porodica i bojali se da e sve to dase ponovi, i govorili su: Bolje je da mi njih prve pobijemo, nego da oni pobiju nas. Ljudi nisuzaboravljali ko im je ubijao njihove oeve, dedove i matere. Svi su se plaili osvete i poinjalisu prvi (Guskova, 2003, I, 347).


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. .

1945. . - - - ( 1914. .1915. . - ). , .

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11. 1994.. . , , ,

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20/40

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- , 1991. . 2010. . . - , . - , , - ( 1.)...

, . , , -

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( 19.) ( - , 19912010).

- , . - - - 1995. . , , , - .

1992. .1995.

., 21. 1995. . -,

--- : (49% -) - (51% -), 1974. . . (. -

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22/40

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, , .

- , . . - . . -

. lahko, hudovica kahva - , ( kava). lahko lahke najlahke, - .

, - . ! , ,

. - : 1) -

( , , 1995. .)?, 2) ? 3) , ? - , . 1300.

, . .

- . -


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, 18781918,

- (Historijat jezika i drave) .22) - .

. ,

, - , (, 2001, 4346). , ,

( ).

, - - . - :

Oni koji danas hoe da nau odgovor na pitanje postoji li zbiljataj bosanski jezik, u principu su spremni i da ga priznaju ako im se do-kae da postoji. Oni laikom metodom hoe da vide u emu se taj jezikrazlikuje od tobo inae razlikovnih srpskog i hrvatskog, ili biveg(nerazlikovnog) srpskohrvatskog jezika i da se tek tada uvjere u nje-

govo postojanje, odnosno nepostojanje. To je ona naa poznata metodo-loka grjeka (ne samo laika, jer je ona vrlo rairena ak i u lologiji,istina politiziranoj). [...] Ko zna po koji put u ovoj knjizi po navljamoono to ve jednom moramo zapamtiti: u naim balkanskim prilikama

jezik da bi bio jezik ne mora se obavezno bitno razlikovati od drugog

22) , -, (, 1997).


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jer taj razlikovni princip nije mjerilo postojanja, odnosno nepostojanjanacionalnih jezika (Jahi, 1999, 252).23)

, , , - , . - , . - . - (

) (Grevi, 1998, 49). . - , - ( ) , () () - (, 2003, 2238).24)

1990. . - 1945. . 1918. . (1991.) - 3% 7% (Sui, 1996, 13) . - razlikovnih rjenika - .

, - Razlikovni rjenik srpskog i hrvatskog jezika - (1991. .), Razlike izmeu hrvatskoga i srpskoga

jezika (1991. .) Hrvat-ski rjenik najuestalijih 7500 razlikovnih rijei hrvatskoga i srpsko-

23) (Jahi, Halilovi, Pali, 2000). , - 1996. . Pravopis bo-sanskoga jezika (Halilovi, 1996).

24) , , (Nike-vi, 2001) .


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ga jezika, (1995). - (

) ( )25)

.tonozor tonostrijelka , odmoridbenik -

veleprevrat , .

. - . - - - .26)

( ) ( ) (Ramet, 1996, 210). , -,

. , - . ( ) - (, , ,.). - 4000 -

. . - (Croatiarubea) . , - - .

(Bjelakovi, Vojnovi, 2010). -

25) (-) . - - , . . topnitvo, .

26) (Samardija, 1993). - (Koks, 2009).


26/40

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... .

(, 2001, 4346).

, . , - . oprostiti -- . oprostiti (). - kruh( -) ( ), ( - ). - (hlaibaz). (hlaifs). . . . () ()(, 1997,10). tisue ( ) (

) -

, . , tisua , . - ( )

1349./1354. . (154. ):

, , (corpusdelikti) , ,

, , - , , ( , 2001, 235).

**

*

, -, , . , - .


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, - , -

. , , - . - , (-, 2001, 43),

.

-

- -

, -- 19.- (1787. .1864. .) ,27)

- :

1. , , - -, -- -, -- . , , - , - (, ,

)

, , - , . - , .

- - -

27) (Sotirovi, 2011).


28/40

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.

,, .

2. ( ) , . - - - .28)

. - (. ) . -

, - .

3. , , - . - - , , . -, , . , - . - , -

(, 2003).29)

28) (Beiser, 1992; Beiser, 1996).

29) . (Pranjkovi, 1997). , - - 1991. . , , korjenoslovstvo


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4. () . - . , , - (. ) , . . , - , -

(Dixon, 1997, 78). - 1991. .

,, - , (58%)

. , - -

-

- : ( ) .

5. - , -

, narjeoslovstvo ovrhovoditelj , .(Okuka, 2006, 233).


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1: -

( ), 1945. .1991.. - -

, , . , -. - - 75% .

: ,,


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2: -

1991. . . -


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- 1991. .

, - ( )


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4: -


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... .

Vladislav B. Sotirovic

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH

ON THE PHENOMENON OF THE POLITOLINGUISTIC

ASPECT OF THE DISAPPEARANCE

OF THE SFR OF YUGOSLAVIA

Resume

This paper belongs to the area of sociolinguistic rese-arch in the broadest sense of the term sociolinguistics as abranch of linguistics that studies the phenomenon of rela-

tionship between society and language. In a narrow sense,this research is certainly politolinguistic research consi-dering the fact that it deals with the crucial impact of the

politics on linguistics. The research subject of this articleis a politolinguistic aspect of disappearance of the Socia-list Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The beginningof the process of disappearance of this state can be relatedto the famous Declaration about the name and position ofthe Croatian language (1967) that was signed by a groupof Croatian intellectuals including and well known writer

Miroslav Krlea, who was the most probably and the chi-ef author of the Declaration and, by the way, the favoriteof Josip Broz Tito to run for obtaining a Nobel Prize forthe Literature. The beggining of the end of theSFRY cancertainly be linked to the primarily political maneuver do-ne by the Croatian side, which wanted to nally legalizeCroatian appropriation of the Serbian cultural-historicalheritage based on the Ijekavian vernacular idiom of theSerb Shtokavian speech (language). In this way, it alsoopened the door for the Croatian state-territorial expansi-on eastward to the River of Drina and the Brankos Bridgeon the River of Sava in Belgrade, which soon was put onthe agenda in 19711972 within the political goals of the

nationalist Croatian Spring or the Mass Movement. Theresearch task of this paper is to contribute to the studyof phenomena of the politolinguistic aspect of decay, de-

struction and demolition of the former common state ofalmost all the South Slavs. For the vast majority (75%) ofthe Yugoslavs the native language was the Serbo-Croatianor Croato-Serb. We will also offer a brief summary of thelinguistic situation in post-Yugoslavias independent sta-tes in which at the time of the SFRJ the Serbo-Croatianor Croato-Serbian was the ofcial language and lingui-

stically unique. However, this language has a policentric


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standardization within the same (SFRY) state that was theunique phenomenon in both Europe and in the world. Re-

searching politolinguistic aspect of disappearance of theSFRY is an important contribution to the efforts of disco-vering the reasons and goals of breaking up until recentlya common state for more than 23 million people; a countrythat was the largest and most populous of the Balkan Pe-ninsula. This short analysis of the politolinguistic aspectof disappearance of the SFRY, it was used, in addition tothe comparative method, and the method of the text analy-

sis as a form of sociolinguistic discerning in the role andfunction of the language in the creation of national iden-tity and nation-state boundaries. In this research it wasused also and a methodological principle of complemen-

tarity in terms of the mutual complement of the data fromvarious sources and literature.

Keywords:politolinguistics, Yugoslavia, Serbo-Croatian-language, linguisticnationalism.

18. 2014. 10. 2014. .


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