SoQr: Sonical Quantifying the Content Level inside

ContainersMingming Fan, Khai N. Truong

UbiComp ‘15

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Presenter: Ta Duc Tung @AKG - The University of Tokyo

Outline• Introduction

• Related Works

• Theory of Operation

• System Design + Model Training

• Evaluation

• Practical Issues2

Introduction

Automate?3

Introduction

How much … is left? Milk, Juice

Washing Detergent

Eggs, Rice

…

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Related Works

• Capacitive sensing

• Load sensing

• Camera sensing

• Electromagnetic Wave based sensing

• Acoustic sensing (time-of-flight)

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Theory of OperationImpulse Response Analysis

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System Design

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System Design

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Probing sound: 20Hz~20KHz sine wave

Record: 44.1KHz, 16 bits

System Design

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Model Training

• Data collection• 0.01s sweep sound

• 1.01s response recording

• 100 samples for each level

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Model Training

• Feature• Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients - MFCCs

• Usually used in Speech Recognition

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Model Training

• Model Learning - libSVM• Classification - Supported Vector Machines

• Regression - Supported Vector Regression

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Evaluation

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• Package:

• Material

• Is deformable?

• Shapes - Closable?

• Content:

• Type: liquid, solid, gel

• Density

Evaluation

• Most controlled environment - content at bottom

• Classification: overall F-Measure = 0.969

• Regression: mean absolute error = 0.0514

Evaluation• Most controlled environment - Eggs Package

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Eggs Package

Evaluation

• Usage scenarios - Storing Places

• Train in refrigerator - Test on kitchen top

• Train on kitchen top - Test in refrigerator

• Overall Precision, Recall, F-Measure > 0.9

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Evaluation• Usage scenarios - Container’s Orientation

• Separated training dataset

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Stand-Up vs

Laid Down

Evaluation• Usage scenarios - Container’s Orientation

• Combined training dataset

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Stand-Up vs

Laid Down

Evaluation• Usage scenarios - Deformable? Closable

• Deformable products

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Potato Bag Opened - Clipped - Tied

Evaluation• Usage scenarios - Deformable? Closable

• Solid products - Closable

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Evaluation

• Most controlled environment: GOOD

• Different storing places: GOOD

• Solid closable package: GOOD

• Different orientation: BAD

• Deformable package: BAD

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Practical Issues

• Build prediction model for each product

• Sensor installing place

• Unconstrained context

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Conclusion

• Small size sensor for content level sensing

• F-Measure > 0.96

• Sensing in different contexts

• Storing place, Orientation

• Rigid container

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