Copyright 2014 by Editora Revan

Todos os direitos reservados no Brasil pela Editora Revan Ltda. Nenhuma parte

desta publicao poder ser reproduzida, seja por meios mecnicos, eletrnicos ou

YLDFySLD[HURJUiFDVHPDDXWRUL]DomRSUpYLDGD(GLWRUD

Reviso

Roberto Teixeira

Cristina Freixinho

Capa

Sense Design & Comunicao

Impresso e acabamento

(Em papel off-set 75 g. aps paginao eletrnica,

em tipos Times new Roman 11/13)

'LYLVmR*UiFDGD(GLWRUD5HYDQ

CIP-BRASIL. Catalogao-na-fonte

Sindicato Nacional dos Editores de Livros, RJ

S681c

Sontag, Ricardo

&yGLJR FULPLQROyJLFR" &LrQFLD MXUtGLFD H FRGLFDomR SHQDO QR %UDVLO 1899) / Ricardo Sontag. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Revan, 2014.

368 p.; 23 cm.

ISBN 978-85-7106-514-7

1. Direito penal Brasil. I. Ttulo.

14-16868 CDU: 343.1(81)

15/10/2014 15/10/2014

23

1

Escola positiva, reformas

HFRGLFDomRHP-RmR9LHLUDGH$UD~MR

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(QWmRQRSODQRGDKLVWyULDGRSHQVDPHQWRHVWDUtDPRVFRUUHQGRRULVFRGHSUDWLFDUDQDFURQLVPR3RUHVVHPRWLYRRSUREOHPDGHYHVHUHQTXDGUDGRDQ-WHVGHPDLVQDGDQRkPELWRGDDXWRLPDJHPTXH-RmR9LHLUDID]LDGDSUySULDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWtFD$OpPGLVVRpSRVVtYHOFRORFDUDSHUJXQWDHPXPTXDGURFRPSDUDWLYRHPUHODomRjHVFRODSRVLWLYDLWDOLDQDVH-RmR9LHLUDFRQVLGHUDYD/RPEURVR*DURIDORH)HUULRVVHXVPHVWUHVpSRVVtYHOFRORFDUDSHUJXQWDVREUHDQRYLGDGHGDVXDREUDFLHQWtFDDSDUWLUGRVFULWpULRVFRQFUHWRVWUD-]LGRVSRUHVVDVIRQWHVLWDOLDQDV,VWRpFRORFDUHPIULFomRRVGRLVFRQWH[WRVTXHRSRQWRGHSDUWLGDRVWH[WRVGH-RmR9LHLUDRIHUHFHDRSHVTXLVDGRU$VHJXQGDHVWUDWpJLDHVWiVXFLHQWHPHQWHSURWHJLGDFRQWUDRDQDFURQLVPRMXV-WDPHQWHSRUTXHRFRQWH[WRGDHVFRODSRVLWLYDLWDOLDQDpSURSRVWRSHORSUySULRFRQMXQWRGHIRQWHVLQLFLDLVLVWRp-RmR9LHLUDQRVVHXVWH[WRVFRQVLGHUDYD VHSDUWHGDHVFRODSRVLWLYD3RUHVVHPRWLYRRVWH[WRVGRVSRVLWLYLVWDVLWDOLD-QRVWRUQDPVHYiOLGRVSDUDHVWDSHVTXLVDTXHHPYLDGHSULQFtSLRGHYHULDFLUFXQVFUHYHUVHjDXWRLPDJHPLVWRpVRPHQWHDRVWH[WRVGH-RmR9LHLUD$GHFODUDomRGHSHUWHQFLPHQWR WRUQDRV WH[WRVGRVSRVLWLYLVWDV LWDOLDQRVXPDHVSpFLH GH LQWHUWH[WR TXDOLFDGR(VVD TXDOLFDomR GRV WH[WRV GRV SRVL-WLYLVWDV LWDOLDQRVQmRQRVSHUPLWLULD HYLGHQWHPHQWH LGHQWLFDURV LWDOLDQRVFRPRQRVVREUDVLOHLURDRSHUDomRLGHQWLWiULDDOLiVPXLWDVYH]HVpGLItFLOPHVPROHYDQGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRRVWH[WRVGHXPVyDXWRU3RURXWURODGRHPXPSODQRPHQRVSUHWHQVLRVRHODSRVVLELOLWDXWLOL]DURVWH[WRVLWDOLDQRVFRPRXPDHVSpFLHGH FULWpULRGHPHGLGDSRUTXH -RmR9LHLUD FHUWDPHQWH WLQKDFRQKHFLPHQWRGHVVDVXQLGDGHVGHPHGLGD

1HVVHSRQWRUHWRUQDDRSURVFrQLRXPWHPDWUDGLFLRQDOtVVLPRGDKLVWR-ULRJUDDMXUtGLFRSHQDORSUREOHPDGRELQ{PLRHVFRODFOiVVLFDversus escola SRVLWLYD2WUDGLFLRQDOELQ{PLRUHWRUQDSRUTXHRVHOHPHQWRVTXHRVSRVLWL-YLVWDVFRQVLGHUDYDPSRUWDGRUHVGHVLJQLFDWLYDQRYLGDGHQDVVXDV WHRULDVHUDP IUHTXHQWHPHQWH RV SLODUHV GD FRQVWUXomRGD LGHQWLGDGHGD scuola2IDWRTXHDVQRYLGDGHVIRVVHPWRWDOPHQWHDEVRUYLGDVSHORSyORQyVDHV-FRODSRVLWLYDQmRpXPGDGRLQyFXR(VVHOXJDUGDVQRYLGDGHVQDHODERUD-omRGDVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHQyVHHOHVUHYHODRHYROXFLRQLVPRGRSHQVDPHQWRSRVLWLYLVWD WDOYH] XPD YHUVmR SDUWLFXODU GD UHFRUUHQWH KLHUDUTXL]DomR GDVGLIHUHQoDV7RGRVHVVHVRXWURVTXHFRQFUHWDPHQWHSRGHULDPVHUFRQWHP-SRUkQHRVDRGLVFXUVRSRVLWLYLVWDDSHVDUGHVHUHPFRQVLGHUDGRVH[SUHVV}HVGRSDVVDGRVmRHQTXDGUDGRHPXPHVTXHPDTXHSURGX]XPDKLHUDUTXLDIXQ-GDGD QR WHPSR 3RUWDQWR DV SROrPLFDV GRV SRVLWLYLVWDV FRQWUD RV RXWURVDWUDYpVGRELQ{PLRHVFROD FOiVVLFDversus HVFRODSRVLWLYD VmRRV OXJDUHVPDLVDGHTXDGRVSDUDFRPHoDUDEXVFDSHORVHOHPHQWRVFRQVLGHUDGRVQRYRV

SHORVSUySULRVSRVLWLYLVWDVHTXHGHSRLVVHUYLUmRSDUDFRPSUHHQGHUPHOKRURSHQVDPHQWRGH-RmR9LHLUD

0DVHVVHELQ{PLRpXPOXJDUFKHLRGHDUPDGLOKDVWHyULFDV8PDGHV-VDV DUPDGLOKDV p FRQVLGHUiOR XPD FDWHJRULD KLVWRULRJUiFD VXFLHQWH SDUDGHVFUHYHUDFXOWXUDMXUtGLFRSHQDOLWDOLDQDRXEUDVLOHLUDGRVpFXOR;,;HLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;;6HJXQGR0DULR6EULFFROLHOHpLQVXFLHQWHHRVHXXVRUHFRU-UHQWHVHULDIUXWRGHXPDLQpUFLDDFUtWLFD1DpSRFDRVDGYHUViULRVGRSRVLWL-YLVPRUHIXWDYDPRELQ{PLR/XLJL/XFFKLQLSRUH[HPSORPDVGHIDWRVHULDSRVVtYHOGLVFXWLUDWpTXHSRQWRHOHpLQVXFLHQWHVHHTXDLVSRGHULDPVHURVLQGtFLRVUHOHYDQWHVVREUHDUHDOLGDGHGDFXOWXUDMXUtGLFDGDpSRFDTXHHOHSR-GHULDRIHUHFHU22SUySULR0DULR6EULFFROLFKHJDDXWLOL]iORPDVFRPJUDQGHSUXGrQFLD3'HTXDOTXHUIRUPDDWDUHIDTXHVHSUHWHQGHFXPSULUDTXLQmRpWmRDPSODDVVLP3DUDRVQVGHVWDSHVTXLVDEDVWDRSODQRGDFRQVWUXomRKLVWyULFDGHVVD UHSUHVHQWDomRGRVHXmodus operandiFRPRGLVSRVLWLYRGHSURGXomRGHLGHQWLGDGHLGHQWLGDGHFDOFDGDQRHYROXFLRQLVPR&RPWDLVSUHPLVVDVMipSRVVtYHOGDURVHJXQGRSDVVRVHQGRRELQ{PLRHVFRODFOiVVLFDversus escola SRVLWLYDROXJDUSRUH[FHOrQFLDGDVDXWRUHSUHVHQWDo}HVLQRYDGRUDVGRSHQ-VDPHQWRSRVLWLYLVWDpMXVWDPHQWHDOLRPHOKRUSRQWRGHSDUWLGDGRVFULWpULRVGHPHGLGDSDUDDVXEVHTXHQWHDYDOLDomRGRSHQVDPHQWRGH-RmR9LHLUD

1.1. Escola clssica versus escola positiva: polmica e

disputa identitria

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FULPHFRPRIHQ{PHQRQDWXUDO>@LQGLFDGRUGDSRWrQFLDPDOpFDGHTXHPRSUDWLFDDVP~OWLSODVYDULHGDGHVDQWURSROyJLFDVGHGHOLQTXHQWHVHSRUWDQWRDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDFODVVLFDomR)(55,SHVHJXLQWHVDRLQYpVGHSHQDVSURSRUFLRQDLVDRGHOLWRSURYLGrQFLDVGHIHQVLYDVDGDSWDGDVDRGH-OLQTXHQWH)(55,SSSHSHRVVXEVWLWXWLYRVSHQDLV)(55,SDFXVDDHVFRODFOiVVLFDGHWHUFRPRREMHWLYRFHQWUDOHOLPLQDUDOJXPDVSHQDVHGLPLQXLUWRGDVDVRXWUDVHQTXDQWRDHVFRODSRVLWLYDGLUHFLRQDULDRVVHXVHVIRUoRVjGLPLQXLomRGRVGHOLWRV)(55,SHSFRQWUDRDEVWUDWLVPRGDHVFRODFOiVVLFDXPDRULHQWDomRUHDOLV-WD)(55,SQROXJDUGHXPDFLrQFLDWHFQLFDPHQWHMXUtGLFDDVRFLRORJLDFULPLQDO)(55,SXPDSHUVSHFWLYDTXHSDUWLVVHGRIDWRSDUDDLGHLDHQmRGDLGHLDSDUDRIDWR)(55,SHPVXEVWL-WXLomRjUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHOLYUHDUEtWULRRFRQFHLWRGHWHPLELOLGDGH)(55,SHSHPVXEVWLWXLomRjFXOSDELOLGDGHDDYDOLDomRGRVHIHLWRVGDQRVRVGDVDo}HV)(55,SQROXJDUGDH[SLDomRDGHIHVDVRFLDO)(55,S

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Clssico Na direo do

positivo

Positivo

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3 5HWURDWLYLGDGHGDOHLPDLVIDYRUiYHODRUpX

,UUHWURDWLYLGDGHH[FHWRnos casos de lei criadora

de delito

,QLPSXWDELOLGDGHDEVROXWDDEDL[RGRVanos

3RVVLELOLGDGHGHSHQDDEDL[RGRVDQRV

)yUPXODGDLQLPSXWDELOLGDGHFRPbase em casos clnicos

)yUPXODGDLQLPSXWDELOLGDGHHPtermos mais amplos

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6HPLUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH 6HPLUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH 3RVVLELOLGDGHGH

OLEHUDomRGRORXFRFULPLQRVR

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'ROR LQWHQomRYRQWDGHFRQVFLrQFLD

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Clssico Na direo do

positivo

Positivo

DLJQRUkQFLDGDOHLQmRH[FXVD

$LJQRUkQFLDGDOHLSRGHVHUXPDGLULPHQWHRXH[FXVDQWH

2VDWRVSUHSDUDWyULRVQmRVmRSXQtYHLV

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'LVWLQomRREMHWLYDHQWUHRVSDUWtFLSHVGHXPdelito

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$FHLWDELOLGDGHGHDOJXQVFDVRVGHH[FHVVRGHOHJtWLPDGHIHVD

/HJtWLPDGHIHVDFRPRdireito ilimitado do

FLGDGmRKRQHVWR /LEHUDomRFRQGLFLRQDO 5HVVDUFLPHQWRGRGDQR

HQWUHDVFRQGLo}HVGDOLEHUDomR

5HVVDUFLPHQWRGRGDQRFRPRREMHWRGRGLUHLWRpenal

5HVVDUFLPHQWRGRGDQRFRPRREMHWRGRGLUHLWRpenal

5HVVDUFLPHQWRGRGDQRWDPEpPFRPRREULJDomRdo Estado

&ULPHVGHDPHDoDFRPRGLVSRVLWLYRGHSUHYHQomR

$JUDYDQWHVHDWHQXDQWHVtendencialmente

REMHWLYDV$JUDYDQWHVHDWHQXDQWHVtendencialmente

VXEMHWLYDV ,QH[LVWrQFLDGH

FLUFXQVWkQFLDVDWHQXDQWHV SHQDPpGLD

,QH[LVWrQFLDGHFLUFXQVWkQFLDVDWHQXDQWHV SHQDDFLPDGDPpGLD

&iOFXORGDSULVmRpreventiva na pena

&iOFXORGDSULVmRpreventiva na pena

&RQGHQDomRFRQGLFLRQDO ,PSRVVtYHODSOLFDUDFRQGHQDomRFRQGLFLRQDOHPXPDMXVWLoDFULPLQDOFOiVVLFD

Tabela I: &OiVVLFRversus3RVLWLYR

1.2. A cincia jurdico-penal como controle racional do

direito vigente

$SHQDOtVWLFDFLYLOLWDOLDQDGRVpFXOR;,;SDUDXVDUDH[SUHVVmRGH0DULR6EULFFROLQmRDVVXPLXXPDGDVSULQFLSDLVFRQVHTXrQFLDVGDLGHLDGHFRGLFDomRPRGHUQDQRSODQRGRSHQVDPHQWR MXUtGLFR LVWRpD UHGXomRGDFLrQFLDMXUtGLFDjH[HJHVHGRVWH[WRVOHJDLV$FHQWUDOLGDGHGRGLUHLWRSRVLWLYRQDDSOLFDomR MXGLFLDORSULQFtSLRGD OHJDOLGDGHHUDPLGHLDV LQGLVSHQViYHLVSRUpPLVVRQmRVLJQLFDULDQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDVVXPLUDH[HJHVHGRVWH[WRVOH-JDLVFRPRDRSHUDomRSRUH[FHOrQFLDGDFLrQFLDMXUtGLFRSHQDO2HPSHQKRFLYLOVXEOLQKDGRSRU6EULFFROL>@FRPRRFRUDomRGHVWDWUDGLomRMXUtGLFRSHQDOLWDOLDQDGRVpFXOR;,;DFRQVFLrQFLDGDSROLWLFLGDGHGHTXDO-TXHURSomRGRJPiWLFDH[HUFLWDYDVHH[DWDPHQWHDWUDYpVGRSODQRPHWDSRVLWL-YRKHUGDGRGRPRGRGHUDFLRFLQDUVREUHRSUREOHPDSHQDOGR,OXPLQLVPRGRVpFXOR;9,,,8PDSRVWXUDTXHVHIRUPDYDQROmRGHFLrQFLDMXUtGLFDQmRVRPHQWHSHQDOTXHWHQWDYDIXQGDUVHQDGLVWLQomRHQWUHOHLHGLUHLWR$FLrQFLDMXUtGLFRSHQDOFRPRVLVWHPiWLFRFRQWUROHGHUDFLRQDOLGDGHGRGLUHLWRYLJHQWHQXQFDLGHQWLFDGDFRPDVOHLVSRVLWLYDV$LGHLDGHXPSHULJRVRUHIRUPLVPRTXH$UWXUR5RFFRQDVXDIDPRVDDXODLQDXJXUDOHP6DVVDULGHDWULEXLUijWUDGLomRTXHRSUHFHGLDQDVFLDH[DWDPHQWHGDLQVDWLVIDomRFRQWUDHVWHSODQRPHWDSRVLWLYR

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