JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA

JABALPUR, M.P.DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

Credit Seminar on:

Farming System Approach For Food Security And Sustained Rural Economy

SEMINAR INCHARGE

DR. M. L. KEWAT MAJOR ADVISOR

DR. AMIT KUMAR JHA

PRESENTED BY

SONOO PAHADEEnroll. No 160111014

MSc (Ag)final year

In recent years, food security, livelihood security, watersecurity as well as natural resources conservation andenvironment protection have emerged as major issuesworldwide. Developing countries are struggling to deal withthese issues and also have to contend with the dual burden ofclimate change and globalization.

It has been accepted by everyone across the globe thatsustainable development is the only way to promote rationalutilization of resources and environmental protection withouthampering economic growth. Developing countries aroundthe world are promoting sustainable development throughsustainable agricultural practices which will help them inaddressing socio economic as well as environmental issuessimultaneously.

Introduction

Within the broad concept of sustainable agriculture“Integrated Farming Systems” hold special position as in thissystem nothing is wasted, the by-product of one systembecomes the input for other. It is an integrated approach tofarming as compared to existing monoculture approaches.

It refers to agricultural systems that integratelivestock and crop production. Moreover, the system helppoor small farmers, who have very small land holding forcrop production and a few heads of livestock to diversifyfarm production, increase cash income, improve quality andquantity of food produced and exploitation of unutilizedresources.

Contd....

Farming system

Farming system designates a set ofagricultural activities organized whilepreserving land productivity, environmentalquality and maintaining desirable level ofbiological diversity and ecological stability.(Lal and Millar 1990)

Farming system consist of severalenterprises like Cropping system, Dairying,Piggery, Poultry, Fishery, Bee keeping etc.these enterprises are interrelated. The endproduct and wastes of one enterprise areused as inputs in others.

Food security

Provide balanced food

Quality food basket

High productivity and enhanced farm income

Effective recycling of resources

Minimizing environmental pollution

Employment generation

Roles of Farming System

Food security

Provides Balanced Food

There is need of farming system which has several

components like dairy, poultry, goatry, fisheries etc. along with

crop production.

In this way, farming system would not meet the food for but also

cater the need of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals required for

good health.

Food security is defined as the balanced food supply and

effective demand for food.

Thus food security needs to be redefined as “livelihood security

for the household and all members within, which ensures both

physical and economic access to balanced diet, safe drinking

water, environmental sanitation, primary education and basic

health care.

Higher productivity and enhanced farm income

Integration of fish in rice system decreasing the

rice grain yield due to presence of fish trenches

occupying 10% of the rice area, however, additional

income Increased.

The profit can be increased more when fish,

vegetable system and livestock include in rice – rice

farming System.

Effective recycling of resources

The effective recycling of farm resources is

possible by adoption of farming system research.

Crop by-product is utilized as fodder for animals,

and animal by-product i.e. milk, and dung may be

utilized for increasing income and soil fertility,

respectively.

Integrated crop-livestock farming system Key aspects

Integrated Crop-

Livestock

Farming System

Minimize environmental pollution

• In Punjab, Haryana and western Utter Pradesh, burning of rice residue is common practice, which increased the concentration of green house gases in atmosphere, in addition to huge amount of nutrient loss.

• Such situation could be avoided by introduction of some more enterprises like animal husbandry on the farm.

• Rice straw may be used as animal feed.

Employment generation

Since crop based agriculture is highly season specific and

time bond, the intensity of labour requirement increases

during sowing and harvesting time of crops.

For rest of the time farmers sitting idle if they do not have

off-farm activities. This leisure time could be utilized

effectively by adoption of farming system, which keeps the

whole family busy throughout the year.

Employment generation (man-days)

Farming system Crop Poultry Pigeon Fish Goat Total system employment generation

Cropping alone 369 - - - - 369

Crop + fish + poultry

420 61 - 34 - 515

Crop + fish + pigeon

420 - 61 34 - 515

Crop + fish + goat 420 - - 34 122 576

Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore. source: (Saravanam et al., 2015)

Farming System Research

Farming System Concept was developed in 1970.

It is designed to understand farmer priorities, strategies

and resource allocation decisions.

Farming systems research and development approach

associated with small farmers and focuses on their

conditions and aspirations.

Its goal to develop sustainable land use system which

will optimize resource use and increase income and

employment for farm families.

Farming System Research For Different Agro

Climatic Zones In India

• Pastures with forestry, goats, rabbits,and settled agricultural crops like millets,wheat, barley, and fodders.

High altitude cold deserts

• Animal husbandry with the camels,sheep and goats, and growing withfodder and field crops.

Arid and desert region

• Horticultural crops as a majorcomponent and agriculture mainly onthe hill terraces and slopes with maize,rice, wheat, pulses and fodder crops.

Western and central

Himalayas

• Primitive crop husbandry with rice,millets, pulses etc. Agro forestrysystem are also common. Piggery andpoultry are the chief livestock activity.

Eastern Himalayas

• Intensive crop husbandry like rice-wheat-maize/mustard/pulses andlivestock, dairy, cattle and buffaloes.

Indo-Gangeticplains

• Cotton-sorghum-millets/pulses withdairy cattle, sheep and goats andpoultry are the secondary livestock andanimal husbandry enterprises.

Central and Southern Highlands

• Major activity on plantation crops,cultivating rice and pulses are thesecondary agricultural activity. Cattle,sheep and goats are the livestockcomponents which in most parts, aremaintained as large herds.

Western Ghats

• Rice cultivation with other enterpriseslike fishery, poultry and piggery, etc.,capture fisheries of marine ecosystemis a specialized enterprise.

Delta and Coastal plains

Integrated Farming System

Integrated Farming Systems a

component of farming system

research introduces a change in

farming techniques for maximum

production in a cropping pattern

and take care of optimal utilization

of resources.

It focused round a few

selected, inter-dependent, inter-

related and often inter-linking

production systems based on few

crops, animals and related

subsidiary professions.

Different components of Integrated Farming System

Field crops

Crop production

Vegetables

Fruit cultivation

Poultry farming

Livestock integration

Duckery

Aquaculture

Agroforestry

Bee- keeping

Mushroom cultivation

Bio-gas plant

Integrated approach in wetland situation

•Rice based cropping with

poultry-cum-fish culture

•Crop-poultry-fishery

•Cropping with dairy

•Cropping with goat rearing

•Cropping with aquaculture

Integrated farming systems for

irrigated areas

Cropping with dairy, biogas and

siliviculture.

Integrated farming system for

rainfed areas

Cropping with goat and silvopasture.

Integrated farming systems for hilly

regions

Majority of the farmers in the region

are maintaining fruit tree like apple,

dairy cattle and the major source of

green fodder comes from lopping of

the fodder trees and locally available

grasses.

Goals of Integrated Farming Systems

Maximization of yield of all component enterprises

Provide steady and stable Income

Rejuvenation of system’s productivity

Achieve agro-ecological equilibrium

Advantages of Integrated Farming

System

Increased Productivity

Profitability

Sustainability

Balanced Food

Environmental safety

Recycling of resources

Income round the Year

Meeting fodder crisis

Solving Fuel and Timber crisis

Employment generation

Improves literacy

Increasing the standard of living of the farmer

Productivity and economic analysis of different

integrated farming systems

Farming system Cost of production

(Rs/ha)

Gross return(Rs/ha)

Net return(Rs/ha)

Per day return(Rs/ha)

Cropping alone 24,922 61,112 36,190 167

Crop + fish + poultry 44,627 159,292 1,14,665 436

Crop + fish + pigeon 43,310 161,772 1,18,462 443

Crop + fish + goat 51,483 1,78,047 1,12,564 493

Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore. source: (Saravanam et al., 2015)

Constraints and Opportunities

• Lack of appropriate technology

• Lack of farmers participatory

research

• Inadequate Training

• Lack of rural infrastructure

• Policy implication

• Socio-economic constraints

• Inadequate institutional support

Conclusion

Efficient utilization of scarce and costly resources is the

need of the hour to make crop production a viable

proposition in the present day competitive scenario.

Following the concept of Integrated farming systems

through supplementation of allied agro-enterprises by

recycling the waste of one enterprise in another is a right

step in this direction.

It provides alternate and sustainable avocation to

marginal and sub-marginal farmers. Fruit, mushroom,

apiary, animal production and poultry have been more

viable with them.

The crop residues and biomass available in plenty in the

crop production system need to be properly managed to

harness full benefits.

Improving the integrated approach not only enhances

farm income but also overcomes environmental pollution.

A better planning and utilization of the available

resources will usher in bright prospects for the farm

economy as a whole.

Contd....

REFERENCES:1. Saravanan M et al., 2015, A Review On Integrated

Farming Systems Journal Of International AcademicResearch For multidisciplinary. 3 (7): 2320-5083

2. http://www.agriinfo.in3. www.agritech.tnau.ac.in4. http://www.sciencedirect.com5. http://www.icmr.nic.in/) accessed on 1st May ,2016

References: 626. www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm7. Manjunatha (2014). Integrated Farming System - An

Holistic Approach. J. Agric and Allied Sci. 3(4)8. Panda SC 2010. crop management and integrated

farming. Journal of international academic research formultidisplinary 3(7):319-328